Because this summary is often behind schedule updates to the current date are being added here to make it more relEvAnt to current conditions
December 9, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
December 8, 2025 was the most quiet in the geomagnetic field in more than three
years. Similar Planetary A - index conditions to today's A=2 or less last occurred November
15-17, 2022. This quiet was followed by an M 7.6 in Mindanao, Philippines.
Today's extreme quiet in the geomagnetic field is likely to be broken
on December 9 as SWPC expects a major geomagnetic storm early on that date.
This could trigger a further strong earthquake near longitudes at local solar
noon or midnight when the storm commences.
A major M 7.6 earthquake in northern Honshu and southern Hokkaido occurred
on December 8, 2025 with the following parameters (via EMSC):
A strong aftershock of M 6.6 folowed about 7.5 hours after the mainshock.
NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan and II in Iwanai, Hokkaido.
O: 08DEC2025 14:15:12 41.0N 142.1E MW=7.6 EMSC NEAR EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 08DEC2025 14:33:41 41.0N 142.4E MW=5.5 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN
O: 08DEC2025 21:52:41 41.0N 143.1E MW=6.6 NEIC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN
O: 08DEC2025 14:15:10 41.0N 142.1E MW=7.6 NEIC NEAR EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 08DEC2025 14:15:12 41.0N 142.1E MW=7.6 JMA HOKKAIDO, JAPAN
A tsunami warning was issued by PTWC but observed sea-level fluctuations were less than
a meter and the tsunami warning was later withdrawn.
NEIC reported intensity VII in Aomori, Japan at Hachinohe and in Misawa and VI in Date, Hokkaido with V in Iwate, Aomori, Hokkaido, Miyagi Prefectures.
EMSC reported strong shaking in Hokkaido and northern Honshu, Japan including
reports of minor damage in Japan at Misawa, Takizawa, Morioka, Sapporo, Niseko Town, Otaru, Koriyama, Narita, Fukayacho, Soka, Kamagaya, Narashino, Wako, Urayasu, Tokyo and as far to the south as 700 from the epicenter and at Yuzhno-Kurilsk, and Otrada Russia.
The mainshock was followed by an M 5.5 aftershock 18.5 minutes later.
Following this earthquake, the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) issued
a warning that this earthquake may preceded a mega-thrust earthquake of
M>=8. While the details of why JMA felt such a warning was necessary at this time
are not known, the great earthquakes in Kamchatka of July 29, 2025 (M 8.8)
and September 18, 2025 (M 7.8) may serve as a cautionary sign. It is also
possible JMA personnel are recalling the great quake of March 11, 2011
of M>9 in the same general region which triggered a massive tsunami and
killed tens of thousands while doing enormous damage to much of Japan.
The earthquake was preceded by a foreshock of M 7.2 on March 9, 2011. At the time
this summary reported:
"As noted at the time of the last moderate earthquakes in this region of Japan,
seismic activity in this region is often triggered by unusually strong solar
flares. On February 15 and X2.2 flare was followed by events of M 5.4 and 5.7
at the same epicenter as today's earthquake, events which were foreshocks
to those of today. At the time we noted:
"A pair of moderate earthquakes also occurred north of Indonesia in
the area off the east coast of Honshu, Japan today with M 5.4, 5.7.
These earthquake were well offshore and were not reported felt on
the Japanese mainland. This epicenter was also subsolar during the great
X2.2 flare today. Japan often shows strong triggering with major
flares on the sun. The timing places the earthquake occurring four minutes
after flare 7180, a C1.7 flare." (February 15, 2011)
As with the foreshocks of February 15, the mainshock today occurred about 15 minutes after local solar noon (sub-solar).
At exactly local solar noon the largest solar flare of the day, a C6.4 class solar flare
occurred which may have been the immediate trigger for this earthquake.
The largest flare since the X2.2 on February 15 occurred several hours
earlier on March 8 as an M3.7 flare (#1830)." (March 9, 2011)
The mainshock of magnitude about 9.3 occurred three days later on March 11, 2011
and was reported in this summary at the time as:
"The immediate trigger for this earthquake was probably a sudden change
in the geomagnetic field strength. SWPC reports that a major geomagnetic
storm began on March 10 about 20:00 UT and continued through the early
portions of March 11. At this time, this appears to be the strongest
geomagnetic storm in at least half a year although the precise numbers have not yet
been published. SWPC reports a sudden increase in the Hp and Total Field
strength beginning a few minutes before the Japan earthquake and peaking
within about a minute of that earthquake. GOES-15 shows this a bit more
gradually than GOES-13 which shows a strong spike at the minute the
earthquake occurred at 06:46 UT in the Hp field. This is possibly related to a strong
electron flux event at the same time and was accompanied by a strong
increase in the geomagnetic disturbance index KP to red alert status, a
status which has seldom been reached in recent years." (March 11, 2011)
and
"The next moderate aftershock in Japan occurred at 23:36 UT about five minutes
after an X1.5 class solar flare, the second in the past half year after
one on February 15.
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE
2540 2313 2323 2329 X1.5 (March 9, 2011) 6.7E-02" (March 10, 2011)
As a major geomagnetic storm is expected within hours and a further X-class
solar flare is likely, the JMA advisory is perhaps better understood at
this time.
The last earthquake within about 300 km of this epicenter in northern Japan
with M>=7.6 occurred on September 25, 2003 with M 8.1-8.3. At the time this
summary noted:
"A great earthquake (Me>=8.0) occurred in the region of eastern Hokkaido,
northern Japan today (Sept. 25 UT, morning Sept. 26, JST).
...
According to CNN and AP news sources, today's earthquake caused damage throughout Hokkaido, triggered
power blackouts, fires and train derailment. A tsunami was produced with
maximum wave height of 3 feet at Kushiro. That tsunami is expected in Hawaii
early this morning. No deaths are know to have occurred at this time. Damage
included cracked roads and considerable damage to built structures. This appears
to be the strongest event in the region of Hokkaido since the Tokachi-Oki
earthquake of May 16, 1968 which registered around M 8.0. That earthquake
caused severe damage at Tokachi-Oki, Aomori Perfecture, Japan including
up to $800 million at Niigata and killed up to 48 people. A strong tsunami
was associated with that earthquake as well. Today's earthquake
has been followed by an active aftershock sequence and several regional aftershocks.
Classical local aftershocks are those that occur within the rupture zone of
the mainshock and have occurred with M 7.0, 6.0, 6.1, 5.9, 5.3, 4.4, 4.1, 6.2 and
5.5. A far-field aftershock may have occurred at an intermediate depth with
M 5.2 in the Sakhalin, Russia area (data from the National Earthquake Information
Service - NEIS; the Geological Survey of Russia - GSR and the Broadband
Seismograph Network - NIED, Japan).
"The region of Hokkaido has seen several moderate earthquakes (M 4.0-5.5) over
the past several days. GSR reported an additional event with M 4.7 in the
region on September 23. geoForecaster does not expect associated damage with
this event. This appears to be the strongest event in the region 42-43N 143-146E
since an M 5.4 on July 8, an aftershock of an M 5.8 that occurred on July 2, 2003
and also appears to be the strongest aftershock of that event since early July." (September 25, 2003)
Today's earthquake occurred within minutes of local solar midnight, a time
when triggering of seismicity is most likely by tidal and geomagnetic effects
and this event may have been promoted by a strong X1.1 flare earlier in the day.
In the previous issue of this summary it had been noted that a strong X1.1
flare earlier in the day could result in this type and placement of a
strong earthquake later on December 8, 2025 as:
"An X1.1 class solar flare occurred early on the UT December 8. It was accompanied
by moderate earthquakes in Myanmar (M 3.8); Yukon Territory, Canada (M 3.6) and the
Kuril Islands (M 4.5). No strong earthquakes were immediately associated with this flare.
The most likely seismic enhancement with this flare would occur near 75 West
and 105 East longitudes including areas of western South America and eastern
Indonesia among others (including to the north along the western Pacific Rim). A moderate to strong quake is possible in these areas
before the end of the day." (December 8, 2025)
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0448 0510 0525 X1.1 (December 8, 2025) 1.1E-01 *
Myanmar M 3.8 04:49 UT
Yukon, Canada M 3.6 04:49 UT
Kuril Is. M 4.5 04:58 UT
If a major earthquake is to occur it would most likely rupture to the north
and east into the Kuril Islands. This is a region which has been relatively
quiet in recent years but where major earthquakes do occur.
Today's epicenter is at the seventh node from the M 7.0 in Yukon, Canada of
December 6, 2025 and at the eighth node (45 degrees) from the north Geomagnetic
Pole and 104 degrees from the South Geomagnetic pole and may have been
promoted by energy from those sources.
More details will follows as this situation develops, especially if more X-class
flares or a major geomagnetic storm occur later today.
Expected far-field seismicity enhancement after today's Hokkaido earthquake:
Antipodal (180 degrees)
Japan to South Atlantic
Outer shadow zone edge (142-150 degrees)
Japan to Northern Chile, Central/South Atlantic, West Chile Rise, South Shetland Islands
Node 3 (120 degrees)
Japan to Dominican Republic and Virgin Islands Venezuela, Galapagos, Antarctic-Pacific Ridge, Canary Is,
Inner shadow zone edge (101-108 degrees)
Japan to Chiapas, Oaxaca, Mexico, Azores,
Node 4 (90 degrees)
Japan to Central Mediterranean, Ethiopia, South Island, New Zealand, West Texas, Jalisco, Mexico
Node 9 (80 degrees)
Japan to Turkey, Baja California
Node 5 (72 degrees)
Japan to central, northern California, Iceland, Eastern Turkey, Iran, Caucasus, Fiji, Tonga,
Node 6 (60 degrees)
Japan to Vanuatu, Vancouver, Sumatra,
Node 7 (51.4 degrees)
Japan to Eastern Alaska, Yukon Canada, Banda Sea, New Guinea
Node 8 (45 degrees)
Japan to Indonesia, Myanmar, southern Alaska,
O: 08DEC2025 15:57:55 40.9N 143.1E mb=5.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 08DEC2025 19:45:32 40.9N 143.3E mb=4.7 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 08DEC2025 23:59:06 40.9N 142.8E mb=5.6 EMSC NEAR EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 08DEC2025 14:15:12 41.0N 142.1E Mw=7.6 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
O: 08DEC2025 16:18:45 41.0N 143.0E mb=4.4 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
O: 08DEC2025 17:58:24 41.0N 143.0E mb=4.8 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
O: 08DEC2025 22:07:14 41.0N 143.1E mb=5.0 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
O: 08DEC2025 17:12:30 41.1N 142.9E ML=4.1 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
O: 08DEC2025 18:56:30 41.1N 143.0E Mw=5.9 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
O: 08DEC2025 21:52:41 41.1N 143.1E Mw=6.6 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
O: 09DEC2025 00:18:25 41.2N 142.3E mb=4.9 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
O: 09DEC2025 04:47:30 41.2N 142.6E ML=4.0 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
O: 09DEC2025 09:20:30 41.2N 143.1E mb=4.5 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
O: 09DEC2025 09:09:47 41.3N 142.3E Mw=5.1 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
O: 09DEC2025 05:15:49 41.4N 142.8E mb=4.6 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
O: 08DEC2025 14:33:41 40.9N 142.4E MB=5.5 EMSC NEAR EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
The series of earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay area of California intensified
today following the M 7.6 in Hokkaido, Japan. These areas are separated by
72 degrees (node 5) so this might be expected. The strongest earthquake
of 22 of M>=2 in this area in the past day was an M 3.6. More than 1500 citizens reported felt information to NEIC for this event.
Among these were reports of intensity IV in Palo Alto, San Ramon, Dublin, Danville, and III in Diablo, Oakland, Pleasanton, California.
Aftershocks and associated events of lesser magnitude were often felt with
intensity up to III in San Ramon, Berkeley, Dublin, Oakland and Livermore, California.
The last earthquake within the San Francisco Bay area with M>=3.6 occurred
on November 9, 2025 as an M 3.8. This occurred with the M 6.9 in northern
Honshu, Japan of the same date. At the time this summary noted:
"A series of light earthquakes shook the San Francisco Bay, California area today.
The largest of these was an M 3.8 according to NEIC. NEIC reported it and other
events in the area today were widely felt in the San Francisco Bay area. Intensity IV
was reported from San Ramon, Diablo, Danville, San Mateo, San Ramon and Dublin with III in Palo Alto, Berkeley, Pleasanton, San Leandro, Discovery Bay, Daly City, Lafayette, Alamo, Oakland, Fremont, Livermore, San Leandro, Concord, Richmond, Benicia, Miliptas, San Francisco, Alameda, Hercules, San Lorenzo, Oakland, Emeryville, Union city, Concord, among others.
This is the strongest earthquake in the region of the San Francisco Bay area
of California since an M 4.3 northwest of this epicenter on September 22, 2025
but the last earthquake nearer to this epicenter of M>=3.8 was an M 3.9 on March 18, 2025
with these two earthquakes the only such event in the area in the past year.
At the time of the M 4.3 on September 22, 2025, this summary noted in part:
"Today's earthquake of M 4.3 in San Francisco, California is the strongest
recorded within about 50 km of San Francisco since an M 4.5 two years ago on
October 15, 2019. At the time this summary noted:
"The activity in San Francisco began several hours before local solar midnight
and was probably promoted by strong tidal stresses associated with the full moon
...
The last event in the San Francisco Bay area within about 75 km of today's epicenter
which exceeded M 4.5 occurred on August 24, 2014 when an M 6.0 hit the Napa area.
The last within the San Francisco Bay area was an M 5.6 more than 11 years ago on October 31, 2007." (October 15, 2019)
The last earthquake felt in this area of San Francisco (M 3.3) occurred on September 15 at the beginning of the strong geomagnetic storm aand
was noted in this summary as:
"A light earthquake of M 3.3 was widely felt in the San Francisco, California area today. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in Central California at Danville, Antioch, Brentwood, Clayton, Concord, Pittsburg, San Ramon, Walnut Creek, Novato and Santa Rosa with II shking in Salinas, Mountain View, San Francisco, Discovery Bay, Concord, Hayward, Livermore, Oakley, Dublin, San Ramon, Walnut Creek, Oakland, Santa Clara, Stockton, Oakdale, Wilton and Sacramento.
EMSC reported a quick shake in California at Antioch, Pittsburg, Clayton, Brentwood, Bay Point, Waldon, and Concord.
This event occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted by tidal
stresses which maximize near this hour. The last event within about 50 km
of this epicenter in the San Francisco, California area with M>=3.2 occurred
on June 9, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"A light M 3.2 was widely felt today in the area of San Francisco, California. NEIC receieved nearly 5000 felt reports from this event. These include maximum intensity IV in Half Moon Bay, Crockett, Hercules, Pinole, Port Costa, Rodeo, Berkeley, El Sobrante and III in Miramonte, Redwood City, Sunnyvale, San Francisco, San Mateo, American Canyon, Benicia, El Cerrito, Fairfield, Martinez, Napa, Orinda, Vallejo, Oakland, Albany, Richmond, San Pablo, San Rafael, Fairfax, Mill Valley, San Jose, Daly City, among others." (June 9, 2025, September 22, 2025)
The area of San Francisco was at exactly midnight local solar time when the
X1.7 flare occurred earlier in the day. This had been noted in the previous
issue of this summary as:
"It is of some interest that the X1.7 flare which appears to have triggered the
M 6.8 in Northern Honshu, Japan occurred while the area of San Francisco
and the western U.S. was near local solar midnight. This summary has
argued on several recent previous occasions that such a flare could trigger
a moderate earthquake in that area. Readers should be aware of this possibility
in the next several days. This was noted on October 26 issue of this
summary as:
"NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in Big Sur.
This continues a series of light earthquakes in Central California over the
past several days which has included a series in northern and southern San
Francisco Bay. As these events area located near 103 degrees from the
recent earthquakes in Mindanao and Leyte of M>7 it is likely they are
being promoted by energy from those sources. A moderate to strong earthquake
in this area of California is still considered likely in the near future.
Such a quake is most likely near local solar noon or midnight in conjuction
with a strong M- or X-class solar flare." (October 26, 2025, November 9, 2025)
These epicenters are at the fifth node from Hokkaido (72 degrees) and at 102-103 degrees
from recent major earthquakes in central Philippines and may have been promoted
by energy from those sources.
O: 08DEC2025 21:50:44 37.7N 122.0W MD=2.8 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 21:50:44 37.7N 122.0W MD=2.8 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 10:11:46 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.1 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 10:33:41 37.8N 121.9W ML=2.8 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 11:00:40 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.2 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 13:21:23 37.8N 121.9W ML=2.8 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 13:29:26 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.1 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 13:36:11 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.1 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 13:37:52 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.5 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 13:47:09 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.2 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 15:24:49 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.5 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 16:16:56 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.2 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 17:05:58 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.5 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 17:07:58 37.8N 121.9W ML=3.5 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 17:24:12 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.2 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 18:06:44 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.7 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 18:22:32 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.1 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 19:41:01 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.1 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 21:59:57 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.6 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 22:55:44 37.8N 122.2W MD=2.9 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09DEC2025 06:23:28 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.5 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.5 in Southern California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern California in El Centro, Calexico and Imperial.
This epicenter is at 103 degrees from the Drake Passage and at the sixth node (60 degrees) from
Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 09DEC2025 00:52:17 33.5N 116.6W ML=2.1 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 09DEC2025 06:05:58 32.8N 115.5W ML=2.5 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 09DEC2025 07:28:34 33.0N 116.3W ML=2.3 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 09DEC2025 08:01:17 33.2N 116.4W ML=3.1 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.0 in Wyoming was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Wyoming near Little America.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.7 in Central Kansas was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Kansas with IV in Assaria, Gypsum, McPherson and III in New Cambria, Garnett, Derby, Lindsborg, Galva, Durham and Topeka.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Salina, Kansas.
This epicenter is at 103 degrees from the Drake Passage and may have
been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 09DEC2025 03:39:18 38.7N 97.5W ML=3.7 EMSC KANSAS
Aftershocks also continued today in the region of the Yukon Territory, Canada and southeastern Alaska.
NEIC reported these were felt lightly in the area of Yakutat, Alaska with
intensity up to V. Following is a listing of aftershocks of M>=4 of the
M 7.0 mainshock of December 6 which occurred in the past 24 hours. A listing
of events of M>=3 is available in the "DATA" section of this summary.
This aftershock sequence is declining quickly and will probably be
over in several days.
O: 09DEC2025 00:14:40 60.4N 139.6W ML=4.0 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 09DEC2025 08:11:22 60.4N 139.5W ML=4.0 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 08DEC2025 10:57:41 60.5N 139.7W ML=4.0 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 08DEC2025 14:44:45 60.5N 140.0W ML=4.2 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 08DEC2025 17:45:35 60.5N 140.0W ML=4.3 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 08DEC2025 22:51:54 60.5N 139.9W ML=4.1 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.3 in Taiwan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Taiwan in Hualien and Taipei with IV and III in Chiayi, and Taichung, Taiwan.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Taiwan at Hualien City, Douliu, Daxi, Taipei, Zhubei, Taoyuan City.
This epicenter is at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the Yukon earthquake and may have
been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 08DEC2025 11:24:54 23.8N 121.7E MW=5.3 EMSC TAIWAN
O: 08DEC2025 21:24:32 23.9N 122.7E mb=4.4 EMSC TAIWAN REGION
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in Coquimbo, Chile was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Coquimbo, Chile at Salamanca.
This epicenter is at 107 degrees from the Yukon earthquake and may have
been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 09DEC2025 01:57:32 31.9S 70.8W MB=4.0 EMSC COQUIMBO, CHILE
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in South Africa was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of South Africa in Nama Khoi with violant shaking and in Springbok with loud rumbling.
This epicenter is located at 144-145 degrees from the Yukon, Canada and
from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 08DEC2025 15:14:56 29.7S 17.8E ML=4.3 EMSC SOUTH AFRICA
O: 08DEC2025 17:02:42 29.8S 18.1E ML=3.1 EMSC SOUTH AFRICA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of December 8, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2870 0033 0036 0039 M2.0 (December 8, 2025) 6.4E-03
Western Turkey M 4.6 00:32 UT
Yukon M 5.8 00:56 UT
2890 0140 0144 0148 C2.7 (December 8, 2025) 1.3E-03
2910 0247 0257 0305 C3.6 (December 8, 2025) 3.5E-03
2940 0340 0346 0351 C4.1 (December 8, 2025) 2.3E-03
2950 0417 0427 0432 C6.2 (December 8, 2025) 4.0E-03
Coast Central America M 4.0 04:24 UT
2960 0449 0501 0504 X1.1 (December 8, 2025) 3.1E-02
Myanmar M 3.8 04:49 UT
Yukon, Canada M 3.6 04:49 UT
Kuril Is. M 4.5 04:58 UT
2970 0520 0526 0530 C3.5 (December 8, 2025) 2.1E-03
Ceram Sea M 4.5 05:19 UT
India M 3.1 05:21 UT
3000 0640 0654 0704 M1.8 (December 8, 2025) 1.7E-02
Oaxaca M 4.1 06:43 UT
3040 0850 0857 0906 C8.0 (December 8, 2025) 5.5E-03
Yukon M 3.7 08:57 UT
South of Guatemala M 3.4 08:49 UT
3110 1219 1228 1236 C5.2 (December 8, 2025) 4.1E-03
Congo M 4.7 12:20 UT
Central California M 2.6 12:21 UT
3120 1242 1305 1321 M1.0 (December 8, 2025) 1.7E-02
3130 1357 1406 1414 C4.8 (December 8, 2025) 4.7E-03
Hokkaido M 7.6 14:15 UT
3140 1500 1505 1509 C3.7 (December 8, 2025) 2.1E-03
Hokkaido M 3.9 15:10 UT
South Africa M 4.3 15:14 UT
3170 1547 1554 1557 C4.7 (December 8, 2025) 2.0E-03
Hokkaido M 5.0 15:57 UT
3180 1758 1811 1822 C2.4 (December 8, 2025) 3.2E-03
Hokkaido M 4.8 17:58 UT
San Francisco M 2.7 18:06 UT
3230 2059 2106 2113 C3.7 (December 8, 2025) 3.0E-03
Cemtral California M 2.0 21:12 UT
3230 2113 2117 2125 M3.1 (December 8, 2025) 1.5E-02
Hokkaido M 6.6 21:52 UT
San Francisco M 2.8 21:51 UT
3250 2204 2228 2245 M1.2 (December 8, 2025) 1.9E-02
Hokkaido M 5.0 22:07 UT
Los Angeles M 2.0 22:05 UT
Utah M 2.8 22:03 UT
San Francisco M 2.6 22:00 UT
3280 2348 2359 0003 C2.6 (December 8, 2025) 2.1E-03
Hokkaido M 5.6 23:59 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms December 10 disturbed December 11 severe storms December 9. Solar M-flare chance: 65% X-class: 15% proton storm: 15%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 2 0 1 21:00 1 146 186
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on December 5, 2025 at 23:39:47 UT (#251205A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V=17.10 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on December 1, 2025 at 16:26:30 UT (#251201B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V=15.97 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 26, 2025 at 19:10:36 UT (#251126A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
December 8, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
An X1.1 class solar flare occurred early on the UT December 8. It was accompanied
by moderate earthquakes in Myanmar (M 3.8); Yukon Territory, Canada (M 3.6) and the
Kuril Islands (M 4.5). No strong earthquakes were immediately associated with this flare.
The most likely seismic enhancement with this flare would occur near 75 West
and 105 East longitudes including areas of western South America and eastern
Indonesia among others (including to the north along the western Pacific Rim). A moderate to strong quake is possible in these areas
before the end of the day.
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0448 0510 0525 X1.1 (December 8, 2025) 1.1E-01 *
Myanmar M 3.8 04:49 UT
Yukon, Canada M 3.6 04:49 UT
Kuril Is. M 4.5 04:58 UT
2860 2356 0012 0100 M2.4 (December 7, 2025) 2.7E-02 *
Yukon M 4.9 23:55 UT
Western Turkey M 4.3 00:31 UT
Yukon M 5.8 00:56 UT
EMSC reported an aftershock of M 5.8 in Yukon Territory, Canada was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Yukon Territory, Canada in Whitehorse.
This epicenter is at the seventh node (51 degrees) from the series of major
earthquakes in Honshu, Japan of November 9. That event was also associated
with major solar flare activity and could see additional enhanced seismicity
during the current solar flare activity. Activity in the two regions (Yukon
and Honshu) may be in a process of ping-ponging with each area seeing
enhanced seismicity due to major earthquakes in the other.
O: 08DEC2025 00:56:50 60.3N 139.5W Mw=5.8 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
A moderately large solar flare of M 2.4 also occurred at the beginning of December 8, 2025 UT day.
This flare was closely associated with an M 4.3 in western Turkey and with
moderate to strong aftershocks in the Yukon, Canada area of M 4.9 and M 5.8 - the
strongest aftershock to date in that series and the largest earthquake of the
day. The earthquake of M 4.9 in Yukon occurred at the start of the flare
and the M 5.8 towards the end. The event in Western Turkey started a sequence
which culminated in an M 5.1 at local solar noon in that area. The M 4.3
was reported by EMSC to have been felt in Turkey with moderate intensity
at Goynuk, Cakirlar, Kemer, Konyaalti, Antalya among others.
The ensuing moderate M 5.1 occurred today in western Turkey at a new epicenter from
recent activity in the area. NEIC reported a forshock of M 3.7 occurred about
50 minutes earlier. EMSC reported the foreshock was felt with moderate intensity
in Turkey at Muratpasa, Konyaalti, and Kepez. The mainshock of M 5.1 was reported
by EMSC to have been widely felt with moderate shaking in Turkey at Aksu, Kepez, Muratpasa, Altintas, Antalya, Dosemealti, Guzeloba, Kumkoy, Meltem among others.
This event occurred within minutes of local solar noon and was probably
promoted by geomagnetic and/or tidal stresses which maximize near this
hour.
This epicenter is at the fourth node (90 degrees) from the major earthquake
in Mindanao, Philippines and at the ninth node (80 degrees) from Honshu, Japan, Kamchatka
and the Yukon and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 08DEC2025 10:21:32 37.0N 30.8E MW=5.1 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 08DEC2025 00:31:57 36.7N 30.4E Mw=4.3 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
A series of light earthquakes occurred today in Central California with strong
enhancement in the San Francisco Bay area. These events were lightly felt
in the San Francisco Bay, California area. NEIC reported intensity IV in California
at Moraga, III in Sn Ramon, Alameda, Diablo,Dublin, Danville, Walnut Creek, Castro Valley, with II in Pleasanton, Danville, San Rafael, Livermore. These may have been promoted by
the X1.1 flare today but were not well positioned for good triggering from
that event which occurred about 21:00 local solar time on December 7. A C8.0
flare at 08:50 UT (near local solar midnight) on December 8 was more likely to have triggered this activity
in San Francisco. A consequential X-class flare may further enhance seismicity in this region
at this time with a possible moderate earthquake in the area where such
flares are often influential.
These epicenters are at 101-102 degrees from recent major earthquakes in
the Philippines and at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the M 6.9 in Honshu,
Japan of November 9, 2025 and may have been promoted by energy from those
sources.
O: 08DEC2025 11:00:40 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.2 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 10:11:46 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.1 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 08DEC2025 10:33:41 37.8N 121.9W ML=2.8 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
The CME from the M8.1 solar flare of December 6 is expected to hit
the earth early on December 9 (UT day). Sudden commencement effects of this
G3-4 geomagnetic storm could shock the earth into a moderate to strong earthquake
upon commencement later in the day. Current activity in northern Japan and Central California
suggests these areas are near such an event mostly likely near local solar noon.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.6 in Vanuatu was likely felt with intensity up to VI in the area(s) of Vanuatu.
It occurred near local solar midnight and may have been promoted by tidal and/or geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this hour.
This epicenter is located at the eighth node (45 degrees) from Mindanao, Philippines
and at the sixth node (60 degrees) from the M 6.9 in northern Honshu, Japan of
November 9 and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 07DEC2025 12:16:16 14.7S 166.6E MW=5.6 EMSC VANUATU
O: 07DEC2025 13:25:09 14.9S 166.7E mb=4.9 EMSC VANUATU
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.6 in Southern Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern Alaska in Homer.
This epicenter is located at the eighth node (45 degrees) from northern
Honshu, Japan and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 07DEC2025 07:27:43 59.3N 153.2W ML=3.6 EMSC SOUTHERN ALASKA
This epicenter is located at the third node (120 degrees) from Honshu, Japan and
at 102 degrees from Kamchatka and the fifth node from the Drake Passage (72 degrees)
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 08DEC2025 02:27:17 12.0N 69.6W MB=4.5 EMSC OFFSHORE FALCON, VENEZUELA
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 3.1 in Santa Catalina Island, Southern California was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Santa Catalina Island, Southern California as a strong quick jolt in San Clemente, Dana Point, Bonsall, Fountain Valley, Sun City and Rancho Penasquitos.
NEIC reported intensity III in southern California was felt at San Cleente, Ladera Ranch, Capistrano Beach, Yucaipa, Murrieta, San Diego, Dana Point, Bonsall and San Clemente.
This epicenter is located at the sixth node (60 degrees) from Kamchatka and at 30 degrees (node 12)
from Yukon, Canada and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 07DEC2025 20:36:39 33.4N 117.6W ML=3.1 EMSC GULF OF SANTA CATALINA, CALIF.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 3.6 in Spain was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Spain at Berrostegieta, Gasteiz, Vitoria, Arminon, Bilbao, Zalla, Leioa, Estella-Lizarra.
NEIC reported intensity IV in Gasteitz, Baskenland, Spain.
This epicenter is at the fifth node (72 degrees) from Yukon, Canada and at the fourth
node (90 degrees) from Honshu, Japan and may have been promoted by energy
from those sources.
O: 07DEC2025 23:10:22 42.8N 2.8W ML=3.6 EMSC SPAIN
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in Southern Peru was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Southern Peru in Sobraya.
This epicenter is located at 144 degrees from northern Honshu, Japan and
may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 07DEC2025 23:14:14 17.8S 69.9W MB=4.9 EMSC SOUTHERN PERU
O: 07DEC2025 23:49:15 17.4S 70.3W mb=4.3 EMSC SOUTHERN PERU
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Eastern Turkey was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Eastern Turkey at Ercis, Van, Caldiran, Tatvan.
This epicenter is located at the fifth node (72 degrees) from northern Honshu, Japan
and Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 07DEC2025 19:17:30 38.8N 43.5E MW=4.4 EMSC EASTERN TURKEY
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of December 7, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0448 0510 0525 X1.1 (December 8, 2025) 1.1E-01 *
Myanmar M 3.8 04:49 UT
Yukon, Canada M 3.6 04:49 UT
Kuril Is. M 4.5 04:58 UT
2380 0047 0054 0106 C2.2 (December 7, 2025) 2.5E-03
Yukon M 3.5 00:47 UT
2440 0320 0331 0340 C2.5 (December 7, 2025) 2.8E-03
Yukon M 4.6 03:20 UT
Veracruz Mexico M 4.3 03:37 UT
Southern Alaska M 3.9 03:18 UT
2500 0712 0717 0725 C2.7 (December 7, 2025) 2.0E-03
Yukon M 4.6 07:29 UT M 3.2 07:25 UT
Venezuela M 3.607:19 UT
Yukon M 3.7 07:16 UT
2510 0740 0744 0746 C4.4 (December 7, 2025) 1.4E-03
2530 0806 0811 0813 C3.4 (December 7, 2025) 1.6E-03
Yukon M 3.6, 3.2 08:06 UT
2550 0911 0916 0918 C2.5 (December 7, 2025) 1.3E-03
Yukon M 4.5 09:12 UT
2560 0931 0938 0945 C2.8 (December 7, 2025) 2.2E-03
O'Higgins, Chile M 4.4 09:35 UT
Izu M 4.7 09:38 UT
2580 1011 1015 1018 C2.7 (December 7, 2025) 1.1E-03
Yukon M 4.3 10:13 UT
2620 1151 1204 1208 C7.5 (December 7, 2025) 5.0E-03
Vanuatu M 5.6 12:16 UT
Oaxaca M 4.1 12:04 UT
2630 1319 1325 1327 C3.4 (December 7, 2025) 1.7E-03
Vanuatu M 4.9 13:25 UT
Kamchatka M 4.3 13:29 UT
2690 1700 1704 1706 C2.3 (December 7, 2025) 1.0E-03
Yukon M 4.4 16:57 UT M 3.8 17:07 UT
Seram M 4.5 16:59 UT
2720 1722 1731 1735 C4.9 (December 7, 2025) 2.8E-03
2730 1802 1809 1816 C2.6 (December 7, 2025) 2.2E-03
Yukon M 4.6 18:04 UT
2740 1902 1912 1917 C3.7 (December 7, 2025) 2.7E-03
Eastern Turkey M 4.4 19:17 UT
2770 2041 2046 2048 C6.3 (December 7, 2025) 2.4E-03
Volcano Is. M 4.3 20:42 UT
2780 2118 2122 2124 C5.4 (December 7, 2025) 1.9E-03
Banda Sea M 4.5 21:25 UT
2800 2232 2236 2239 C3.1 (December 7, 2025) 1.5E-03
El Salvador M 4.3 22:35 UT
2810 2240 2248 2252 C6.7 (December 7, 2025) 4.0E-03
Guerrero M 4.1 22:49 UT
2860 2356 0012 0100 M2.4 (December 7, 2025) 2.7E-02 *
Yukon M 4.9 23:55 UT
Western Turkey M 4.3 00:31 UT
Yukon M 5.8 00:56 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms December 8 and 10 severe storms December 9. Solar M-flare chance: 65% X-class: 15% proton storm: 15%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 9 4 5 11:00 3 133 194
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on December 1, 2025 at 16:26:30 UT (#251201B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V=15.97 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 26, 2025 at 19:10:36 UT (#251126A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
December 7, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A proton storm began on December 6 at about 21:00 UT. Its intensity continued
to grow at this writing. This was accompanied by a strong solar flare which peaked
at 20:40-20:50 UT. This flare of preliminary M8.2 class is the strongest
since an X1.9 on December 1, 2025 (#230) and an M8.5 on November 5, 2025 (#3170)
making it the second strongest solar flare catalogued in the past month.
This flare reached it's peak output within a couple of minutes as an M 7.0 earthquakes
struck the region of the Yukon, Canada and southeastern Alaska, which was
also within minutes of local solar noon of the flare and earthquake. It is likely SFE from this
flare triggered the earthquake Alaska/Yukon. Preliminary data for this flare
from SWPC follow:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2320 2029 2039 2049 M8.1 (December 6, 2025) 5.3E-02
Yukon Canada M 6.8 20:41 UT
Greece M 4.8 20:48 UT
Tarapaca M 4.4 20:20 UT
Over the course of the past 50 years of operation, this summary has offered hundreds
of examples of earthquakes which appear to have been triggered by strong
solar flares including a number of strong events. These ususally have
enough ambiguity that skeptics can argue coincidence. In this case, however,
the ambiguity is not present. The ball is now in the nay-sayers court
to argue for coincidence on this flare-earthquake pair and lacking that
to consider the possibility of triggering with an open mind.
NEIC is calling this event the "2025 Hubbard Glacier Earthquake" on the USGS
website and giving it M 7.0. Possible regional shaking of up to VIII was
estimated by NEIC but no immediate reports of tsunami or major damage has
been broadcast to this point. NEIC gives preliminary intensities in Alaska
as IV in Yakutat, Elfin Cove, Haines Copper Center and Skagway with III i Hoonah, Juneau, Valdez, Glennallen and Fairbanks, Alaska.
EMSC reported moderate to strong shaking in Tagish and Whitehorse, Canada and moderate shaking in Juneau, Eagle River, Elmendorf AFB, Anchorage, Alaska.
The only comparable earthquake in this general region in the past 35 years occurred as an M 6.9
on August 7, 1992. This summary described this earthquake on August 7, 2025 as:
"This earthquake in southeastern and the Gulf of Alaska was strongly felt in the Yakutat region. Maximum intensity was V at Fort Richardson. Felt throughout most of southern and southeastern Alaska. The event was also felt in British Columbia and the Yukon Territory, Canada." (August 7, 2025)
An M 6.0 also hit the region on July 17, 2014 and was described at the time here as:
"A strong earthquke of M 6.0 hit the region of the Yukon Territory, Canada and the SE Alaska Peninsula today.
NEIC reported it was felt with intensity II-III in Yakutat and Elfin Cove, Alaska and II in Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada.
The epicenter was in a rugged mountainous area and little damage was expected.
Many in the area reported their houses shook and lamps swung but none reported major damage.
No tsunami was expected or observed with this earthquake. Today's earthquake was preceded by several light earthquakes in the area yesterday
as reported in this summary. This area became active on June 13 when an M 4.7 occurred
north of this epicenter in the Haines Junction, Canada area. At the time this
summary noted this occurrence as follows:
"The geomagnetic field was at disturbed levels today at high latitudes with high
latitude Ap or 20, the most most disturbed since late June. This was reflected
in global seismicity which saw most of the seismic activity at high latitudes.
The strongest earthquake of the day was an M 5.5 in the South Sandwich Islands
north of Antarctica while the strongest in North America occurred in the Yukon
of Canada with M 4.7.
The strongest and most unusual earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 4.7 in
Haines Junction, Canada region. It was probably felt lightly in this epicentral
area. The last earthquake of M>=4.7 within 100 km of this epicenter occurred
as an M 5.1 on June 5, 2014 and on March 27, 2009. Today's event is likely
an aftershock of the June earthquake. Forecast 81806 had expected this event
around June 13." (June 13-14, 2014)
A series of light earthquakes of M 3.0-3.5 then hit this epicenter on July 16.
These were followed by the mainshock today of M 6.0. This is the strongest
earthquake within about 150 km of this epicenter in at least 25 years. Forecast
81806 had expected a regionally significant earthquakes within 100 km of this
event to occur in mid-July. This epicenter is located at 144-145 degrees from the
strong M 7.2 in the South Sandwich Islands of June 29 and may have been promoted
by that event. Seismic energy is concentrated at the surface at this distance
from major earthquakes and can trigger further activity. It is also located at the
seventh node (51-52 degrees) from the M 6.8 off Honshu, Japan of July 11 and
could have been affected by energy from that event as well." (July 17, 2014)
Readers may be interested that today's event in the Yukon, Canada was also
at the seventh node (51-52 degrees) from the M 6.8 in Honshu, Japan of
November 9 - like the earthquake of July 17, 2014 and may have been promoted
by energy from that source.
The last earthquakes of M>6 within about 300 km of today's epicenter occurred
on May 1, 2017 with M 6.2. At the time this summary noted in this regard:
"A series of earthquakes hit southeastern Alaska and the Yukon Territory of Canada today. The strongest of these and the largest in the world today were events of M 6.2 and M 6.3 in the area of Skagway, Southeastern Alaska. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity VI in Haines Junction, Yukon, Canada and V in Canada at Whitehorse, Yukon and Fraser Lake, British Columbia and in Alaska at Skagway and Angoon and IV in Juneau, Elfin Cove, Hoonah, and in general within about 200 km of the epicenter. Lesser shaking of intensity II-III was reported from Alaska at Glennallen, Petersburg, Sitka, Douglas, and Yakutat. Reports of light shaking as far as Washington State are probably in error.
Earthquakes Canada reported the event was felt strongly in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Canada and with moderate intensity at Haines Junction, Atlin, Teslin, Carmacks, Watson Lake. Aftershocks continue at this writing to be felt with intensity IV in Skagway, Elfin Cove, Juneau, Alaska and II-III in the Douglas, Alaska region and in Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada.
No major damage or tsunami was reported with these earthquakes.
This continues the activation of the area as described in the previous summary:
"Over the past week seismicity has been high from central California north to Alaska.
This has included an M 3.8 in San Francisco yesterday and an M 5.3 in Central
Alaska the day before. Seismicity along the Aleutian arc has also been high. Some
of this can be the promotional effect of the new moon of April 26 which was maximized
in the region of Alaska. This is expected to continue at high latitudes for the
next several days as noted in previous issues of this report" (May 1, 2017)
...
The only moderate seismicity in this year (2017)
in the area prior to today occurred on January 16 with M 4.1 and 4.3. An M 6.2 hit
the are 17 years ago on January 6, 2000. The M 6.3 in this region
today is the strongest within about 200 km of this epicenter since an M
M 6.7 on July 1, 1973. Other events of M>=6.3 were recorded on July 10, 1958 (M 7.9);
February 3, 1944 (M 6.4); October 24, 1927 (M 7.1); January 18, 1901 (M 7.1) and
in September, 1899 (M 8.6). A strong aftershock is considered likely since
it has been 44 years since the last such event in the region." (May 1, 2017)
DISTANCE RELATIONS BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES
Statistical evidence indicates that some triggering or promotion forward in time can occur in regions which are under high stress due to additional stress events of small size. Among these are surface and body waves passing through a region. Triggering may be dynamic with the promoted earthquake occurring at the same time as the stress event or delayed with an earthquake occurring later in time but still related to the stress event through water lubrication or other various geophysical effects on the faults. We have argued in this report for the past 35 years that this effect is most observable where the seismic waves are largest. In general this occurs at distances from the rupture ends of the earthquake producing those waves (mainshock) which we have termed nodal distances. These are defined by the formula D=360*m/n where D is the distance in degrees and m<=m where n an m are small integers. These are also the locations of the maximum corrections to magnitude in the standard Jeffreys-Bullen tables. In addition there is focusing of seismic energy from reflections and refractions of f the core-mantle and the inner-outer core boundary of the earth. This focuses energy at the surface in the distance between 101 and 108 degrees (core-mantle) and 141-148 degrees (inner-outer core boundary). In this report we monitor seismicity at these distances following major earthquakes as experience has shown that strong and/or unusual earthquake are much more likely to occur at these distance from the mainshock.
Following are some areas where far-field activity following the earthquake
in the Yukon of December 6, 2025 is possible:
Antipodal (~180 degrees)
Yukon, Canada to South Indian Ocean,
Outer shadow zone edge (141-148 degrees)
Yukon, Canada to South Sandwhich Is., South Africa,
Node 3 (120 degrees)
Yukon, Canada to South mid-Atlantic, East Africa Rift, Western Australia, South of New Zealand.
P- and S- shadow zone edge and node 7 (101-110 degrees)
Yukon, Canada to North Island, New Zealand, Sumatra, Indonesia, Ethiopia, northern Chile, Kermadec,
Node 4 (90 degrees)
Yukon, Canada to Tonga, Southern Iran, Central Indonesia, Vanuatu,
Node 5 (72 degrees)
Yukon, Canada to Northern India, Tajikistan, Central Mediterranean, Turkey, Peru/Ecuador, Gibratar,
Node 6 (60 degrees)
Yukon, Canada to Guatemala, northern Caribbean, England, Kyushu, Japan, Guam,
Node 7 (52 degrees)
Yukon, Canada to northern Honshu, Japan, western Mexico, Iceland
Node 8 (45 degrees)
Yukon, Canada to Jalisco,
These epicenters in Yukon, Canada are at the seventh node (51 degrees) from the
M 6.9 in Honshu, Japan of November 9 and at the eighth node (135 degrees) from the
Drake Passage and were likely promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 06DEC2025 20:41:51 60.4N 139.4W MW=6.8 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 20:41:49 60.4N 139.5W MW=7.0 NEIC SUBBARD GLACIER EARTHQUAKE
LIST OF FIRST M>=4.0 YUKON AFTERSHOCKS (LISTING FOR M>=3 IS IN DATA COMPARTMENT)
O: 06DEC2025 20:51:50 60.3N 139.4W mb=5.2 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 20:54:39 60.3N 139.6W mb=4.5 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 20:56:04 60.3N 139.5W ML=4.4 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 07DEC2025 01:56:26 60.3N 139.5W ML=4.3 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 20:41:51 60.4N 139.4W Mw=6.8 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 20:41:51 60.4N 139.4W Mw=7.0 NEIC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 21:01:31 60.4N 139.4W ML=4.3 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 21:12:00 60.4N 139.5W ML=4.2 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 21:35:23 60.4N 139.6W ML=4.2 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 21:49:27 60.4N 139.5W ML=4.1 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 22:09:38 60.4N 139.7W ML=4.3 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 23:34:02 60.4N 139.6W ML=4.0 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 07DEC2025 03:12:20 60.4N 139.6W ML=4.0 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 20:57:38 60.5N 139.9W ML=4.4 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 21:00:12 60.5N 139.8W ML=4.4 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 21:03:18 60.5N 139.9W ML=4.3 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 21:04:01 60.5N 140.3W ML=4.3 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 21:08:28 60.5N 139.9W ML=4.1 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 21:38:07 60.5N 139.6W ML=4.1 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 21:47:31 60.5N 139.6W ML=4.1 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 22:42:53 60.5N 139.6W ML=4.1 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 23:02:14 60.5N 139.9W mb=4.2 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 23:06:30 60.5N 139.9W ML=4.4 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 07DEC2025 00:14:44 60.5N 139.6W ML=4.3 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 07DEC2025 01:23:04 60.5N 139.8W mb=4.6 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 07DEC2025 02:29:06 60.5N 140.0W mb=4.6 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 07DEC2025 03:16:40 60.5N 140.0W ML=4.3 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 07DEC2025 03:20:06 60.5N 139.9W mb=4.6 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 07DEC2025 04:19:45 60.5N 139.5W mb=4.1 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 07DEC2025 04:20:36 60.5N 140.0W mb=5.0 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 22:34:32 60.6N 139.9W mb=4.8 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 23:05:47 60.6N 140.1W ML=4.2 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 07DEC2025 01:22:18 60.6N 140.0W ML=4.4 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 07DEC2025 03:18:44 60.6N 139.9W ML=4.3 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 07DEC2025 03:49:22 60.6N 140.0W ML=3.0 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 07DEC2025 04:23:14 60.6N 140.0W ML=4.4 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
O: 06DEC2025 20:46:12 60.2N 139.6W MB=5.0 EMSC SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANA
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.1 in Guerrero, Mexico was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Guerrero, Mexico in Nueva Frontera.
These epicenter in Guerrero, Mexico are at the seventh node (51-52 degrees)
from the earthquake in Yukon, Canada today and were likely promoted by
energy from that source.
O: 06DEC2025 22:28:05 16.7N 99.3W ML=4.1 EMSC GUERRERO, MEXICO
O: 07DEC2025 04:06:53 16.7N 100.0W ML=4.1 EMSC OFFSHORE GUERRERO, MEXICO
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in Southern Greece was felt with moderate intensity in southern Greece at Kalavryta, Longos, Rozena, Ovria, Patra, Demenika, Ano Kastritsi, Mindiloglion, Paralia, Langadhia, Royitika, Vrachnaiika, Psathopyrgos, Rio, Nafpaktos among others.
This earthquake occurred near the peak of the M8.1 solar flare which also
triggered the M 7.0 in Yukon, Canada seven minutes earlier (see details above).
The distance from Alaska to Greece is 80 degrees. The first seismic waves
from Alaska to arrive in Greece was the P-wave about 12 minutes after th
Alaska event, too late to have triggered the M 4.8 in Greece so if this
is a triggered event it must have been promoted by the M8.1 solar flare and
not the Alaska earthquake.
This epicenter is near the fourth node (90 degrees) from Leyte, Philippines and at the
third node (120 degrees) from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted
by energy from that source.
O: 06DEC2025 20:48:09 38.0N 22.0E MB=4.8 EMSC GREECE
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of December 6, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2040 0032 0035 0040 C2.3 (December 6, 2025) 1.2E-03
Northern California M 3.4 00:34 UT
Halmahera M 5.1 00:45 UT
2050 0115 0123 0131 C5.7 (December 6, 2025) 4.1E-03
Guam M 4.8 01:16 UT
2080 0255 0309 0321 C6.4 (December 6, 2025) 7.2E-03
2090 0433 0441 0446 C1.8 (December 6, 2025) 1.4E-03
Central Mediterranean M 4.5 04:47 UT
2100 0557 0602 0605 C1.9 (December 6, 2025) 9.5E-04
2110 0936 0945 0950 C3.6 (December 6, 2025) 2.3E-03
Jalisco M 4.1 09:39 UT
2220 1150 1157 1200 C1.9 (December 6, 2025) 1.5E-03
2300 1200 1204 1206 C2.0 (December 6, 2025) 1.0E-03
2260 1654 1658 1702 C1.6 (December 6, 2025) 8.6E-04
2270 1719 1732 1743 C1.8 (December 6, 2025) 2.5E-03
Coquimbo M 4.0 17:32 UT
Antofagasta, Tarapaca, Argentina M 2.7-2.8 17:20-17:22 UT
2310 1858 1921 1936 M1.1 (December 6, 2025) 1.6E-02
Talaud, Indonesia M 4.0 19:03 UT
2320 2029 2039 2049 M8.1 (December 6, 2025) 5.3E-02
Yukon Canada M 6.8 20:41 UT
Greece M 4.8 20:48 UT
Tarapaca M 4.4 20:20 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms December 7-8 quiet December 9. Solar M-flare chance: 65% X-class: 15% proton storm: 10%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 16 30 15 09:00 6 129 200
A proton storm began on December 6 at about 21:00 UT. Its intensity continued
to grow at this writing. This was accompanied by a strong solar flare which peaked
at 20:40-20:50 UT. This flare of preliminary M8.2 class is the strongest
since an X1.9 on December 1, 2025 (#230) and an M8.5 on November 5, 2025 (#3170)
making it the second strongest solar flare catalogued in the past month.
This flare reached it's peak output at the same minute as an M 6.8 earthquakes
struck the region of the Yukon, Canada and southeastern Alaska, which was
also within minutes of local solar noon at the time. It is likely SFE from this
flare triggered the earthquake Alaska/Yukon. Preliminary data for this flare
from SWPC is shown in the flare listing above:
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on December 1, 2025 at 16:26:30 UT (#251201B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V=15.97 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 26, 2025 at 19:10:36 UT (#251126A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
December 6, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A geomagnetic storm continued strong levels at high latitudes today continuing
K-index of 5 from 05:00-10:00 UT and A-value at high latitudes of 21.
A sudden commencement storm associated with the M6.0 solar flare of early December 4 could trigger enhanced seismicity
at high latitudes and near the geomagnetic equator in the next two days.
The strongest earthquake felt in the world today was an M 5.5 in Jalisco, Mexico. NEIC reported it was felt in the area with possible intensity up to IV.
The mainshock occurred within a few minutes of local solar noon in Jalisco
and may have been promoted by strong geomagnetic and/or tidal stresses which
maximize near this hour. The mainshock was followed by a series of moderate
aftershocks. The last earthquake in the region off the coast of Jalisco, Mexico
with M>=5.5 occurred on May 13, 2025 with M 5.9. At the time this summary noted:
"An M 5.9 earthquake occurred off the west coast of Jalisco, Mexico today. NEIC reported it was felt with intensityup to III in Jalisco at Puerto Vallarta and in Nayarit, Mexico at Le Penita de Jaltemba.
This earthquake occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted by
strong tidal stresses with the full moon of May 12, 2025 ...
It is the strongest earthquake in the region of Jalisco, Mexico since an M 6.6 on
January 21, 2016." (May 13, 2025)
Readers may note the coincidence of this event with today's as both occurred
with the full moon.
This epicenter is at the third node from the South Geomagnetic Pole and the
major earthquakes in central Philippine; at the fourth node from Honshu, Japan
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 05DEC2025 19:33:42 18.6N 106.7W MW=5.5 EMSC OFF COAST OF JALISCO, MEXICO
O: 05DEC2025 16:47:26 18.6N 106.7W ML=4.1 EMSC OFF COAST OF JALISCO, MEXICO
O: 05DEC2025 21:30:54 18.6N 106.6W ML=3.7 EMSC OFF COAST OF JALISCO, MEXICO
O: 05DEC2025 22:48:27 18.6N 106.7W ML=3.9 EMSC OFF COAST OF JALISCO, MEXICO
O: 05DEC2025 16:22:45 18.5N 106.8W mb=4.3 EMSC OFF COAST OF JALISCO, MEXICO
An earthquake of M 5.5 also occurred today in the Drake Passage in the South Atlantic.
It was not reported felt in this remote area. This continued regional aftershocks
of major quakes of May 2, 2025 (M 7.4); August 22, 2025 (M 7.5) and October 10, 2025 (M 7.7).
O: 05DEC2025 10:50:20 60.2S 62.1W mb=5.5 EMSC DRAKE PASSAGE
O: 05DEC2025 19:24:34 60.2S 61.9W mb=4.7 EMSC DRAKE PASSAGE
O: 05DEC2025 18:18:48 60.1S 62.2W MB=4.5 EMSC DRAKE PASSAGE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in Guam was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Guam with III in Guam at Piti, Mangilao and Merizo.
This earthquake occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted
by strong tidal and/or geomagnetic stresses which tend to maximize near this
hour.
O: 06DEC2025 01:16:10 13.1N 144.6E MB=4.8 EMSC GUAM REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.4 in Northern California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Northern California with intensity III in Rio Dell, Fortuna, Hydesville, Ferndale, Loleta, Scotia and II in Eureka, McKinleyville.
O: 06DEC2025 00:34:20 40.6N 124.2W ML=3.4 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 06DEC2025 01:03:28 40.5N 124.2W MD=2.2 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in Uzbekistan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Uzbekistan in Tashkent.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Uzbekistan at Qo'qom with a strong weather
storm; in Angren, Namangan, Fergana, Qibray, Salor, Bektemir, Tashkent, Tuytepa, Urtaowul, Andijon, Yangiyul, and in Kenger, Kazakhstan among others.
This epicenter is located at the seventh node from Honshu, Japan and at the sixth node
from Kamchatka and the Central Philippines and at 145 degrees from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by
energy from those sources.
O: 05DEC2025 21:04:11 40.9N 70.8E MW=4.3 EMSC EASTERN UZBEKISTAN
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.4 in Strait of Gibraltar was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Strait of Gibraltar in Malaga, Spain at Fuengirola, Torremolinos, Rincon de la Victoria.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Spain at Fuengirola, Benalmadena, Mijas, Torremolinos, Alhaurin de la Torre, Marbella, Malaga, Casarabonela, Rincon de la Victoria, Benahavis, Torre del Mar, Benamocarra, Velez-Malaga, Vinuela, Manilava, Albarrobo among others.
O: 05DEC2025 09:38:35 36.5N 4.6W MB=4.4 EMSC STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of December 5, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1690 0002 0011 0026 C3.9 (December 5, 2025) 5.1E-03
Southern Texas M 2.2 00:01 UT
1760 0142 0209 0739 C7.3 (December 5, 2025) 9.7E-03
Kuril Is. M 4.7 01:52 UT
Tennessee M 2.1 01:54 UT
1800 0739 0745 0750 C2.7 (December 5, 2025) 1.8E-03
Kamchatka M 4.3 07:59 UT
1810 0936 0944 0949 C2.6 (December 5, 2025) 1.9E-03
Gibralta M 4.4 09:38 UT
1870 1615 1626 1638 C4.3 (December 5, 2025) 5.1E-03
Jalisco M 4.3 16:23 UT
1890 1745 1754 1803 C2.5 (December 5, 2025) 2.5E-03
1920 1827 1833 1835 C2.4 (December 5, 2025) 1.2E-03
1930 1840 1851 1855 C2.4 (December 5, 2025) 2.8E-03
1950 1855 1902 1905 C2.5 (December 5, 2025) 1.8E-03
1940 2001 2011 2017 C3.8 (December 5, 2025) 3.0E-03
1960 2052 2103 2111 C2.5 (December 5, 2025) 3.4E-03
Uzbekistan M 4.3 21:04 UT
1990 2111 2116 2119 C2.3 (December 5, 2025) 1.4E-03
North Carolina M 2.1 21:11 UT
2010 2236 2248 2306 C5.2 (December 5, 2025) 7.9E-03
Jalisco M 3.9 22:48 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms December 6-8. Solar M-flare chance: 65% X-class: 25% proton storm: 15%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 13 21 10 09:00 5 133 206
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on December 1, 2025 at 16:26:30 UT (#251201B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V=15.97 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 26, 2025 at 19:10:36 UT (#251126A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
December 5, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A geomagnetic storm reached strong levels at high latitudes today continuing
K-index of 6 from 08:00-20:00 UT and A-value at high latitudes of 57. Planetary
k-index reached 6.67 late on December 3. Sudden commencement storm associated
with the M6.0 solar flare of early December 4 could trigger enhanced seismicity
at high latitudes and near the geomagnetic equator when the CME reaches
the earth's ionosphere today or tomorrow.
An unusual earthquake of M 5.1 occurred today in the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
NEIC did not report it was felt in this remote epicentral area. This earthquake
is of interest because it occurred at the sub-solar latitude for December 4, 2025
(19.3S) within minutes of local solar noon. At this time the epicenter was
nearly exactly sub-solar (sun directly overhead) at the time of occurrence.
The last earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter with significantly
larger magnitude than M 5.1 was an M 5.6 on June 11, 2022 about 200 km northeast
of today's epicenter. This was the second strongest event in this area in the
past 35 years. The largest was an M 5.7 on September 18, 2017. At the time
this summary noted. Readers should note that this event also occurred at the
time of a major geomagnetic storm (as today's).
"The strongest earthquakes of the day occurred with M 5.7 within about 10 degrees
of the local geomagnetic equator. These events in the southern mid-Atlantic Ridge
and New Guinea followed the pattern expected after major geomagnetic storms described
in previous issues of this summary:
"Strong seismicity is still possible within 10-15 degrees from the geomagnetic
equator and at high auroral latitudes around September 18-21." (September 15-17, 2017)
The earthquake in the Southern Mid-Atlantic is the strongest within about 200 km
of that epicenter since a similar M 5.7 on September 26, 2002 - the only such event in at least 25 years. " (September 18, 2017)
"... a Mb 5.4 in the South Atlantic Mid- Ocean Ridge. This event
is the largest ever recorded within 100 km of today's epicenter and the
first of Mb>=5 since Jan 30, 1996 when a Mb 5.1 occurred." (September 26, 2002)
This event in 2002 was also associated with a strong electron flux event.
Today's epicenter is located at 145 degrees from Kamchatka and at the seventh
node (52 degrees) from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by energy
from those sources.
O: 04DEC2025 12:35:58 19.4S 12.7W MB=5.1 EMSC SOUTHERN MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
An earthquake of M 2.7 rattled areas of Louisiana (US) today. NEIC reported
it was felt with intensity IV in Coushatta, Louisiana. This is a somewhat
active area at this time with light earthquakes such as this occurring
periodically with several months between but the last event within about
50 km of this epicenter occurred as a series in January, 2024 culminating
with an M 3.5 on January 27, 2024. The last earthquake within
about 200 km of this epicenter in Louisiana was recorded by NEIC as occurring
on August 21 and 22, 2025 with M 3.0 and M 3.2. At the time this summary
noted:
"Unusual earthquakes of M 3.0 and M 2.6 were felt along the Texas-Louisiana border today shortly
before the M 7.5 in the Drake Passage. NEIC reported intensity III in Center, San Augustine, Shelbyville, Texas and II in Kilgore, Tyler Texas.
This is the strongest earthquake within about 100 km of this epicenter since
a series of earthquakes hit about 100 km north of this in Louisiana in December
2024 and January, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"An earthquake of M 3.5 was widely felt today in the area of Texas and Louisiana. NEIC reported maximum
shaking of V at Allen Texas with IV in Louisiana at Mooringsport, Shreveport and Barksdale, AFB. Intensity II was felt in Bossier City, and in Texas at Karnack, Kilgore, with lesser shaking in Louisiana at Belcher, Benton, Greenwood, Bossier City an Stephens, Arkansas.
Along with a similar M 3.5 on January 27, 2024 this is the largest earthquake
in the region of Louisiana within about 100 km of today's epicenter in at least
35 years. A series of earthquakes of M 3.0 and M 3.1 began in this area on December
19, 2024 ..." (January 18, 2025)
This epicenter is at the seventh node (51 degrees) from the M 7.4 in the Alaska Peninsula
and near the fifth node from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources." (August 21, 2025)
This epicenter is at the fourth node (90 degrees) from Honshu, Japan and at the fifth
node (72 degrees) from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those
sources.
O: 05DEC2025 04:08:24 32.0N 93.4W ML=2.7 EMSC LOUISIANA
A moderately strong earthquake in the region bordering Kazakhstan and Xinjiang, China occurred today.
This was discussed in the previous issue of this summary as:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.8 in Kazakhstan. NEIC reported
it was felt with intensity III in Kazakhstan at Almaty, Boralday, Pervomayskiy, Almaty and in Biskek, Kyrgyzstan.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Kyrgyzstan at Karakol, Cholpon-Ata, and in Kazakhstan at Talghar, Almaty, among others.
This earthquake occurred within minutes of local solar noon and was probably
promoted by tidal stresses with today's full moon as noted in previous issues
of this summary:
"The full moon will arrive on December 4, 2025 at 23:14 UT. This full moon, also known as the "cold moon" will be a super-moon meaning it is closer than normal to the earth at the time of the full moon. This causes a considerable increase in tidal stress over normal and can help promote major earthquake activity. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are located at about 10 East while those at local solar noon are near 170 West. In the east these include most of western Europe, England and Iceland while in the west areas of the western Aleutians, Alaska, Hawaii, Tonga/Fiji/Kermadec Islands, New Zealand to the Balleny Islands and portions of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge are included. These are the most likely areas to see significant tidal triggering with this full moon. Other areas may also see tidal promotion in the next week especially at times of large solar flares and near local solar midnight and solar noon. The likelihood of a strong associated earthquake with this full moon are moderate to high." (December 2-5, 2025)
Today's event of M 5.8 in northern Xinjiang, China and Kazakhstan is the strong
recorded by NEIC within about 200 km of this epicenter since an M 7.0 on January 22, 2024 and is probably an aftershock of that event.
The event in January, 2024 was also associated with a full moon (as was today's). At the time this summary noted:
"A major earthquake of M 7.0-7.1 hit the border region between Xinjiang, China and Tajikistan today. AFP News
initially reported it did not do significant damage in the epicentral area but caused residents
to flee from their homes into the streets especially in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan where
slight damage to homes and furnishings was reported. The initial reports of no damage were later
revised to include considerable destruction throughout the region. This earthquake in Wushi County,
China was also reported with strong shaking in New Delhi, India. In Almaty, Kyrgyzstan people fled
their homes. In China the government reported the quake destoyed at least two home, downed power lines and forced
the suspension of train services. At least six people were injured and extensive damage
was reported with many houses and structures destroyed with many houses and structures destroyed mage estimated were 120 building damaged, 47 houses collpased, and 78
other structures turned to rubble. Some power lines were also toppled according to Xinhua News Agency.
damaging is in the midst of a major winter storm with temperatures as low as 0 F (-18 C) so rescue work
will be difficult. This follows an M 5.3 in Xinjiang yesterday.
That earthquake may have triggered a landslide which buried dozens of people
and killed eight in southwestern China. There were no initial reports of casualties
with today's earthquake. NEIC reported intensity IX (major damage) in China
at Aykol. A series of moderately strong aftershocks were reported felt including
an M 5.5 and M 5.4 felt with intensity VI in Kyzyl-Suu, Kyrgyzstan.
EMSC reported strong to extreme shaking in Kyrgyzstan in Karakol, Bokombayevskoye, Naryn, Turgen, Talghar, Almaty, Otegen Batyra, Pervomayka, Chemolgan, Burunday, Chuy, Zharkent, Kant, Lebedinovka, Tekeli, Taldykorgan, Ozgon, Izgen, Jalal-Abad, Kochkor-Ata, and in Kyrgyzstan in Bishkek, and in Fergana, Tashkent, and in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, Islamabad, Pakistan, and Gurgaon, India among others in Uzbekistan. The mainshock of M 7.0 occurred within minutes of local solar midnight
and may have been promoted by strong tidal stresses associated with the
upcoming full moon as noted in this and previous summaries:
It was also associated with a major increase in solar flare activity
which included a number of M-class flares near the time of its occurrence.
This was accentuated as many of the initial moderate aftershocks were
closely associated with these M-class solar flares (see Flare listing in
this summary below).
The regional foreshock in Xinjiang, China was discussed in the previous issue of this summary as:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.3 in Western China near
the border with Tajikistan. NEIC reported this earthquake of M 5.3 in Western China was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Western China in Aksu.
This event is near the longitude of maximum tidal stress with the upcoming
full moon ...
The full moon will arrive on January 25, 2024 at 17:54 UT.
...
Given the location with respect to the coming full moon and an M 6.5 in the area to the southwest in Hindu Kush, it is
likely that this area is in a seismic activation stage and that a larger event
may occur in the region with the full moon.
The last events within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=5.3 occurred
on January 29, 2023 with M 5.7 and an M 5.6 on December 28, 2022, both about
200 km from today's epicenter. An M 5.4 occurred near today's epicenter
on March 23, 2021." (January 22, 2024)
"The strongest earthquake today was an M 5.4 in Tajikistan and Xinjiang, China.
This is the strongest aftershock shock to date of the January 22, 2024 earthquake (see above).
Today's epicenter in China was located near the seventh node (52 degrees) from the major earthquakes in the central Philippines
and at 149 degrees from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by energy
from those sources." (December 4, 2025)
O: 04DEC2025 07:44:06 41.1N 78.4E MW=5.8 EMSC SOUTHERN XINJIANG, CHINA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.1 in Southern Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern Alaska in Anchorage.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.7 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in Bradley.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE 06P
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC 06P 2025-12-05 00:00 UT 13.9S 149.7W 45 kts South Pacific Ocean
Tropical Cyclone 06P formed today in the region of the South Pacific Ocean with winds up to 45 kts. It is unlikely to promote seismicity in this quiet seismic zone. The antipode at 14N 30E is in Ethiopia but far from recent volcanic eruptions and is unlikely to see enhanced seismicity due to this storm at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of December 4, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1350 0011 0016 0019 C9.2 (December 4, 2025) 3.0E-03
Bangladesh M 4.1 00:15 UT
Kaashmir M 4.1 00:21 UT
1360 0236 0250 0350 M6.0 (December 4, 2025) 4.4E-02
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge M 5.5 03:12 UT M 5.1 03:14 UT
Halmahera M 4.6 03:17 UT
Oaxaca M 5.3 03:45 UT
1560 1800 1805 1808 C3.8 (December 4, 2025) 1.6E-03
1570 1812 1819 1827 C3.4 (December 4, 2025) 2.9E-03
Kamchatka M 4.6 18:32 UT
1590 1900 1909 1915 C3.3 (December 4, 2025) 3.3E-03
Kermadec Is. M 5.3 19:13 UT
1600 1915 1920 1923 C3.6 (December 4, 2025) 2.0E-03
1670 2313 2316 2318 C3.7 (December 4, 2025) 2.7E-03
1680 2318 2324 2331 C6.8 (December 4, 2025) 5.0E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active December 5-6 minor storms December 7. Solar M-flare chance: 75% X-class: 25% proton storm: 15%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 32 57 24 14:00 6 165 220
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on December 1, 2025 at 16:26:30 UT (#251201B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V=15.97 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 26, 2025 at 19:10:36 UT (#251126A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
December 4, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A moderately strong geomagnetic storm on December 3, 2025 reached k-index of 6.67
about 21:00 UT. This is the first planetary k-index of 6 or greater since the storms
of November 11-13, 2025 when K reached 8.67 - one of the strongest geomagnetic
storms since 1989.
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.8 in Kazakhstan. NEIC reported
it was felt with intensity III in Kazakhstan at Almaty, Boralday, Pervomayskiy, Almaty and in Biskek, Kyrgyzstan.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Kyrgyzstan at Karakol, Cholpon-Ata, and in Kazakhstan at Talghar, Almaty, among others.
This earthquake occurred within minutes of local solar noon and was probably
promoted by tidal stresses with today's full moon as noted in previous issues
of this summary:
"The full moon will arrive on December 4, 2025 at 23:14 UT. This full moon, also known as the "cold moon" will be a super-moon meaning it is closer than normal to the earth at the time of the full moon. This causes a considerable increase in tidal stress over normal and can help promote major earthquake activity. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are located at about 10 East while those at local solar noon are near 170 West. In the east these include most of western Europe, England and Iceland while in the west areas of the western Aleutians, Alaska, Hawaii, Tonga/Fiji/Kermadec Islands, New Zealand to the Balleny Islands and portions of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge are included. These are the most likely areas to see significant tidal triggering with this full moon. Other areas may also see tidal promotion in the next week especially at times of large solar flares and near local solar midnight and solar noon. The likelihood of a strong associated earthquake with this full moon are moderate to high." (December 2-5, 2025)
Today's event of M 5.8 in northern Xinjiang, China and Kazakhstan is the strong
recorded by NEIC within about 200 km of this epicenter since an M 7.0 on January 22, 2024 and is probably an aftershock of that event.
The event in January, 2024 was also associated with a full moon (as was today's). At the time this summary noted:
"A major earthquake of M 7.0-7.1 hit the border region between Xinjiang, China and Tajikistan today. AFP News
initially reported it did not do significant damage in the epicentral area but caused residents
to flee from their homes into the streets especially in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan where
slight damage to homes and furnishings was reported. The initial reports of no damage were later
revised to include considerable destruction throughout the region. This earthquake in Wushi County,
China was also reported with strong shaking in New Delhi, India. In Almaty, Kyrgyzstan people fled
their homes. In China the government reported the quake destoyed at least two home, downed power lines and forced
the suspension of train services. At least six people were injured and extensive damage
was reported with many houses and structures destroyed with many houses and structures destroyed mage estimated were 120 building damaged, 47 houses collpased, and 78
other structures turned to rubble. Some power lines were also toppled according to Xinhua News Agency.
damaging is in the midst of a major winter storm with temperatures as low as 0 F (-18 C) so rescue work
will be difficult. This follows an M 5.3 in Xinjiang yesterday.
That earthquake may have triggered a landslide which buried dozens of people
and killed eight in southwestern China. There were no initial reports of casualties
with today's earthquake. NEIC reported intensity IX (major damage) in China
at Aykol. A series of moderately strong aftershocks were reported felt including
an M 5.5 and M 5.4 felt with intensity VI in Kyzyl-Suu, Kyrgyzstan.
EMSC reported strong to extreme shaking in Kyrgyzstan in Karakol, Bokombayevskoye, Naryn, Turgen, Talghar, Almaty, Otegen Batyra, Pervomayka, Chemolgan, Burunday, Chuy, Zharkent, Kant, Lebedinovka, Tekeli, Taldykorgan, Ozgon, Izgen, Jalal-Abad, Kochkor-Ata, and in Kyrgyzstan in Bishkek, and in Fergana, Tashkent, and in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, Islamabad, Pakistan, and Gurgaon, India among others in Uzbekistan. The mainshock of M 7.0 occurred within minutes of local solar midnight
and may have been promoted by strong tidal stresses associated with the
upcoming full moon as noted in this and previous summaries:
It was also associated with a major increase in solar flare activity
which included a number of M-class flares near the time of its occurrence.
This was accentuated as many of the initial moderate aftershocks were
closely associated with these M-class solar flares (see Flare listing in
this summary below).
The regional foreshock in Xinjiang, China was discussed in the previous issue of this summary as:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.3 in Western China near
the border with Tajikistan. NEIC reported this earthquake of M 5.3 in Western China was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Western China in Aksu.
This event is near the longitude of maximum tidal stress with the upcoming
full moon ...
The full moon will arrive on January 25, 2024 at 17:54 UT.
...
Given the location with respect to the coming full moon and an M 6.5 in the area to the southwest in Hindu Kush, it is
likely that this area is in a seismic activation stage and that a larger event
may occur in the region with the full moon.
The last events within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=5.3 occurred
on January 29, 2023 with M 5.7 and an M 5.6 on December 28, 2022, both about
200 km from today's epicenter. An M 5.4 occurred near today's epicenter
on March 23, 2021." (January 22, 2024)
"The strongest earthquake today was an M 5.4 in Tajikistan and Xinjiang, China.
This is the strongest aftershock shock to date of the January 22, 2024 earthquake (see above).
Today's epicenter in China was located near the seventh node (52 degrees) from the major earthquakes in the central Philippines
and at 149 degrees from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by energy
from those sources.
O: 04DEC2025 07:44:06 41.1N 78.4E MW=5.8 EMSC SOUTHERN XINJIANG, CHINA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.3 in Oaxaca, Mexico was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Oaxaca, Mexico with III in Tlalixtac, Coyotepec, Xadani, Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca and II in Mexico City, Tlalnepantla and in Santa Lucia del Camino, Oaxaca.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Mexico at Crucecita and Briasa de Zicatela.
This earthquake may have been promoted by a moderately strong solar flare as
it occurred near the end of that event. Data on this flare from SWPC follows:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1360 0236 0250 0350 M6.0 (December 4, 2025) 4.4E-02
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge M 5.5 03:12 UT M 5.1 03:14 UT
Halmahera M 4.6 03:17 UT
Oaxaca M 5.3 03:45 UT
The last earthquake within about 200 km of today's event in Oaxaca with M>=5.3
occurred as an M 5.5 on March 6, 2022. At the time this summary noted:
Today's event of M 5.3 in Oaxaca may also have been triggered by Surface waves
from an M 5.5 in the Pacific-Antarctic ridge that occurred 33 minutes before
this event in Oaxaca (see below). The distance between these two epicenter
is 76 degrees. Travel Time curves from USGS show that the surface wave
from the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge event would have been in Oaxaca Mexico
at the time of the subsequent M 5.3 there and may have helped trigger it.
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.5 in northern Oaxaca, Mexico. This follows an M 5.7 in the region of Veracruz yesterday. NEIC reported today's event with maximum intensity V in Oaxaca, Mexico at Matias and IV in Santa Cruz with lesser shaking of II-III in Juchitan, Playa Vicenter, Xandani, Tlalxtac, San Antonio de la Cal and Santa Lucia and in Minatitlan, Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz
This epicenter occurred about 150 km of an M 5.7 in Veracruz Mexico which occurred
on March 3 and was probably promoted by regional stress redistribution from that
event. That earthquake had been noted in this summary at the time as:
"Today's event follows an M 5.3 in Oaxaca, Mexico yesterday also believed
to have been promoted by enery from TC Vernon in previous issues of this
summary as:
"An M 5.3 in Oaxaca, Mexico was widely felt with moderate intensity today. NEIC reported maximum intensity IV in Oaxaca at Huatulco, Pochutla, Oaxaca, Puerto Escondido; III in Cacactepec, Santa Lucia del Camino, and Xadani with II in Xoxocotlan and Tierra Blanca, Veracruz.
This earthquake may be related to Tropical Cyclone Vernon near the antipode
as noted in this and previous issues of this summary" (March 2-3, 2022)
The last earthquake in Veracruz, Mexico of larger magnitude was an M 6.3 on July 29,
2014 and prior to that an M 6.7 on April 7, 2011." (March 3-4, 2022)
The last earthquake within about 150 km of today's epicenter was an M 5.5 on December 8, 2020
and an M 7.4 on June 23, 2020." (March 6, 2022)
This epicenter is located at 103 degrees from the M 6.9 in Honshu, Japan of
November 9, the last major earthquake in the world and at the third node (120 degrees)
from the South Geomagnetic Pole and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 04DEC2025 03:45:09 16.0N 95.4W MW=5.3 EMSC OAXACA, MEXICO
Solar flare 1360 (M6.0 see above) also appears to have triggered two moderate
to moderately large earthquake of M 5.5 and M 5.1 in the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge today. These
occurred near the peak output of this flare. These may be aftershocks of an
M 6.4 near this epicenter on August 3, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
" (an) M 6.8 in the Kuril Islands followed an M 6.4 in the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, an event which was not reported felt.
It occurred at the third node (120 degrees) from the event in the South Pacific
40 minutes and 45 seconds later. Several reflected S-seismic phases may have
been in the area of the Kuril Islands at the time of the M 6.8 there today.
A foreshock of M 5.2 occurred in the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge two hours before
the mainshock. This event may have been promoted by SFE from the strongest solar flare in
the past week - a C3.4 which began at the same time as the quake in New Jersey.
...
This is the strongest earthquake within about 300 km of this epicenter in the
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge since an M 6.7 on May 19, 2015. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest of these events was an M 6.7 in the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge.
This is a remote oceanic ridge and no tsunami or felt effects were expected
or observed. This is a very large event for this ridge, which generally
supports strike-slip events with some volcanism. It is the strongest earthquake
to hit within about 500 km of this epicenter in at least 25 years." (May 19, 2015, August 3, 2025)
The discussion above on the triggering of a strong earthquake in the
Kuril Islands on August 3, 2025 mirrors the discussion of the possible
triggering of an M 5.3 today in Mexico (see further above).
These epicenters are located at the eighth node (45 degrees) from the South
Geomagnetic Pole; at 144 degrees from the north geomagnetic Pole, at the third node
(120 degrees from Kamchatka and Honshu, Japan and at 103 degrees from Mindanao,
Philippines and amy have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 04DEC2025 03:14:35 54.9S 129.3W MB=5.1 EMSC PACIFIC-ANTARCTIC RIDGE
O: 04DEC2025 03:12:08 55.4S 128.1W Mw=5.5 EMSC PACIFIC-ANTARCTIC RIDGE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in the western Andreanof Islands, Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the western Andreanof Islands, Alaska with light shaking in Adak, Alaska.
This earthquake occurred within minutes of local solar midnight and may
have been promoted by tidal stresses with today's full moon as noted above.
This epicenter is located at the sixth node from central Philippines (60 degrees);
144 degrees from the Drake Passage; the third node from the South geomagnetic Pole
and the 10th node from the north geomagnetic pole and may have been promoted
by energy from those sources.
O: 03DEC2025 11:39:38 51.2N 179.1W ML=4.6 EMSC ANDREANOF ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN IS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.1 in Bangladesh was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Bangladesh with IV in Tungi, Gazipur, Bhanga, Faridpur, Dacca and III in Roypura, Narsingdi.
This epicenter is located at the sixth node (60 degrees) from
Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 04DEC2025 00:14:45 24.0N 90.7E ML=4.1 EMSC BANGLADESH
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.4 in England was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of England with IV in Carnforth, III in Arnside, Caton, Dalton-in-Furness, Morecambe, Milnthorpe, Ulverston, Windermere, Kirkby Stephen, Galgate, Lytham Saint Anne's Preesal, Kendal, Bolton-le-Sands, Thornton-Cleveleys, Seascale and II in Fleetwood, Newburn, Clitheroe, Blackpool, Ambleside, Heywood, Ormskirk, Lancaster, Poulton-le-Fylde, High Bentham, Nottingham and Millom.
EMSC reported moderate shaking as far as Manchester and Nafferton, England.
Local residents were awakened by noise and shaking but no substantial damage
was reported. This earthquake occurred within minutes of local solar midnight
and was probably promoted by tidal stresses with today's full moon (see above).
The last earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter in western England
with M>=3.3 occurred as an M 3.6 on May 30, 2022 about 150 km south of today's
epicenter and prior to that an M 3.5 on December 21, 2010. At the time this
summary noted:
"A light earthquake of M 3.6-3.8 was widely felt in England today. NEIC reported intensity IV in England at Ash, Shawbury with II-III shaking in Wem, Ellesmere, Wellington, Oakengates and Audley among others.
This is the strongest earthquake in England since an M 3.9 on September 8, 2020
about 250 km southeast of today's epicenter. The last earthquake within about 150 km
of this epicenter with larger magnitude was an M 4.2 on February 17, 2018
and an M 5.0 on September 22, 2002. This activity may be related to the
strong geomagnetic storm of the past two days." (May 31, 2022)
and
"An unusually large earthquake also hit England in the Lake Country today with M 3.5.
NEIC reported this earthquake was felt in the Isle of Man at Douglas 2, Laxey 3,
and Ramsey 3. It was also felt in United Kingdom in England at Abingdon 3, at Ambleside 4, Askam in Furness 4,
Barnard Castle 2; Barrow-in- Furness 3, at Blackpool 2, at Broughton 4, at Carlisle 2, at Carnforth 3; Cleator Moor 4,
at Cockermouth 3; Dalton-in- Furness 4, at Egremont 3, at Fleetwood 2, at Haltwhistle 3, at Kendal 3; Kirkby Stephen 2,
at Lancaster 3, at Maryport 4, at Millom 4, at Milnthorpe 3, at Morecambe 2, at Penrith 2 ; Poulton-le- Fylde 2,
at Preesall 2, at Seascale 4, at Silloth 3, at Silverstone 2, at Stalybridge 2, at Staveley 2, at Taunton 1; Thornton- Cleveleys 2,
at Ulverston 4, at Whitehaven 3, at Wigton 2, at Windermere 4, at Witney 2, at Workington 2. It was also felt in United Kingdom in Scotland at Castle Douglas 2,
at Dalbeattie 3, Gatehouse of Fleet 2 and at Kirkcudbright 3. Similar sized
earthquakes have been felt in the U.K. in recent years to the southeast
on March 3, 2009 (M 3.5), April 28, 2009 (M 3.7) and October 26, 2008 (M 3.5-3.6). The strongeset
earthquake in recent years in the U.K. occurred on Feb. 27, 2008 with M 5.3.
Thousands of people felt the earthquake which was about 2 km north of
Coniston. It was felt in almost every community in south Cubria but no serious
damages or injuries were reproted. It was accompanied by a loud earthquake noise and
lasted about 30 seconds." (December 21, 2010)
As with the event in England of May, 2022, today's earthquake also was associated with
a major geomagnetic storm and may have been promoted by energy from that
source.
This epicenter is located at the fifth node (72 degrees) from Kamchatka and
near 103 degrees from Central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy
from those sources.
O: 03DEC2025 23:23:32 54.1N 2.7W ML=3.3 EMSC ENGLAND, UNITED KINGDOM
O: 03DEC2025 23:23:32 54.1N 2.7W ML=3.4 NEIC ENGLAND, UNITED KINGDOM
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in North Island, New Zealand was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of North Island, New Zealand with II in Palmerston North Manawatu-Wanganui.
This earthquake occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted by
tidal stresses with the full moon today. The last earthquake within about 200
km of this epicenter in North Islands with M>=4.5 was recorded by NEIC
as occurring on August 13, 2025 with M 4.9. At the time this summary noted:
"An earthquake of M 4.9 occurred today in North Island, New Zealand. NEIC reported it was felt in Hawke's Bay with intensity V in Otane; IV in Hastings and III in Napier. It was also felt lightly with intensity II in North Island, New Zealand at Palmerston North Manawatu-Wanganui.
EMSC reported it was felt as a sudden and strong jolt in Hastings and Taradale, New Zealand.
GEONET reported it was felt with moderate to light intensity in the area east of Wellington, New Zealand and in Hawke's Bay. 5870 reports of felt events were made of which 1417 reported weak and 2616 light intensity with 1562 reports of moderate shaking and 251 with strong and 13 severe and 11 with extreme intensity came from the area.
This epicenter, like those in Chiapas, Guatemala and Oaxaca, Mexico is located
at the fourth node (90 degrees) from the Kamchatka/Kuril major quakes of
the past weeks and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
This is the strongest earthquake in the Hawke's Bay area within about 150 km of
this epicenter since an M 5.2 on December 14, 2024. But the last event of
M>=5.5 in Hawkes Bay in this distance range was recorded by NEIC as an M
5.9 on November 22, 2016." (August 13, 2025)
GeoNet reported the following data for these two earthquakes:
O: 03DEC2025 22:47:13 40.5S 176.3E ML=4.8 GEONET Felt with moderate to light intensity in the area southeast of Wellington, New Zealand and in southern North Island and northern South Island. 476 reports of felt events were made of which 276 reported weak and 148 light intensity with 39 reports of moderate shaking and 8 with strong and 1 severe and 4 with extreme intensity came from the area.
O: 03DEC2025 23:17:43 40.4S 176.3E ML=4.4 GEONET Felt with moderate to light intensity in the area southeast of Wellington, New Zealand and in southern North Island and northern South Island. 126 reports of felt events were made of which 72 reported weak and 37 light intensity with 12 reports of moderate shaking and 1 with strong and 1 severe and 3 with extreme intensity came from the area.
These epicenters are at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the Central
Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 03DEC2025 22:47:11 40.5S 176.3E ML=4.5 EMSC NORTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND
O: 03DEC2025 22:47:13 40.5S 176.3E ML=4.8 GEONET North Island, New Zealand
O: 03DEC2025 23:17:43 40.4S 176.3E ML=4.4 GEONET North Island, New Zealand
O: 03DEC2025 23:17:42 40.4S 176.3E Mw=4.2 EMSC NORTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.2 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California with II in Springville, Kernville, Univeral City, Onyx and Three Rivers.
O: 03DEC2025 13:18:02 36.1N 118.4W ML=3.2 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in the Alaska Peninsula was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Alaska Peninsula at Chignik Lagoon and Homer.
O: 03DEC2025 13:17:32 56.1N 157.3W ML=4.5 EMSC ALASKA PENINSULA
O: 04DEC2025 00:38:21 56.3N 157.4W ML=3.3 EMSC ALASKA PENINSULA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.7 in Chiapas, Mexico was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Chiapas, Mexico with III in Tuxtla Gutierrez.
O: 03DEC2025 12:59:13 14.7N 93.3W MB=4.7 EMSC OFFSHORE CHIAPAS, MEXICO
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.4 in northern Iran was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of northern Iran in Langarud.
O: 03DEC2025 21:51:49 37.5N 56.8E MB=4.4 EMSC NORTHEASTERN IRAN
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of December 3, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1350 0011 0016 0019 C9.2 (December 4, 2025) 3.0E-03
Bangladesh M 4.1 00:15 UT
Kaashmir M 4.1 00:21 UT
1360 0236 0250 0350 M6.0 (December 4, 2025) 4.4E-02
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge M 5.5 03:12 UT M 5.1 03:14 UT
Halmahera M 4.6 03:17 UT
Oaxaca M 5.3 03:45 UT
990 0120 0131 0136 C4.1 (December 3, 2025) 3.3E-03
Bio-Bio Chile M 4.1 01:26 UT
1030 0216 0223 0226 C2.7 (December 3, 2025) 1.7E-03
Western Iran M 4.2 02:15 UT
1100 0347 0355 0400 C2.8 (December 3, 2025) 2.0E-03
Ceram Sea M 3.8 03:47 UT
Panama M 4.3 04:44 UT
1220 1229 1252 1337 C5.4 (December 3, 2025) 1.8E-02
Chiapas M 4.7 12:59 UT
Banda Sea M 4.8 13:00 UT
Alaska Peninsula M 4.5 13:17 UT
Central California M 3.2 13:18 UT
Bolivia M 4.0 13:31 UT
1230 1404 1409 1411 C3.8 (December 3, 2025) 1.8E-03
Kamchatka M 4.5 14:05 UT
Vanuatu M 4.9 14:02 UT
Colima, Mexico M 4.7 14:19 UT
1250 1552 1602 1623 C3.3 (December 3, 2025) 6.6E-03
1250 1623 1630 1633 C3.0 (December 3, 2025) 2.1E-03
1270 1957 2003 2007 C3.0 (December 3, 2025) 1.9E-03
1290 2123 2131 2134 C3.9 (December 3, 2025) 2.1E-03
1300 2216 2222 2229 C3.6 (December 3, 2025) 2.8E-03
1310 2240 2248 2252 C4.0 (December 3, 2025) 2.8E-03
New Zealand M 4.5 22:47 UT
Northern California M 2.2 22:48 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: strong storms December 4 major storms December 5 active December 6. Solar M-flare chance: 75% X-class: 30% proton storm: 15%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 33 45 20 14:00 6 227 209
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on December 1, 2025 at 16:26:30 UT (#251201B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V=15.97 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 26, 2025 at 19:10:36 UT (#251126A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
December 3, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.6 in the area of Fiji.
NEIC reported it may have been lightly felt in this remote area but no specific
reports of felt activity had been made to the USGS. This deep focus earthquake
(631 km) occurred within a couple of minutes of local solar noon and was probably
promoted by geomagnetic and/or tidal stresses which maximize near this hour.
It is likely tidal stresses with the coming full moon on December 4, 2025
helped promoted this earthquake in Fiji as noted in this summary:
The full moon will arrive on December 4, 2025 at 23:14 UT. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are located at about 10 East while those at local solar noon are near 170 West. In the east these include most of western Europe, England and Iceland while in the west areas of the western Aleutians, Alaska, Hawaii, Tonga/Fiji/Kermadec Islands, New Zealand to the Balleny Islands and portions of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge are included. These are the most likely areas to see significant tidal triggering with this full moon. Other areas may also see tidal promotion in the next week especially at times of large solar flares and near local solar midnight and solar noon. The likelihood of a strong associated earthquake with this full moon are moderate to high.
The last earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter in the Fiji Islands
with M>=5.6 was recorded by NEIC as an M 5.9 on June 6, 2025.
At the time this summary noted:
"A strong earthquake of M 5.9-6.0 also occurred in Tonga today. NEIC reported it was
felt with intensity up to II in Tofoa-Koloua, Tangatapu.
This earthquake appears to have been triggered by SFE associated with solar
flare 8810 - a C4.3 flare as it occurred within minutes of that flare origin
time. ..." (June 6, 2025)
The last major earthquake in the area of sigificantly larger magnitude than
today's event was an M 7.2 on June 15, 2023. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 7.2 in southern Tonga. NEIC reported it was felt with maximum intensity IV in Tongatapu at Vaini and II-III in Tofoa-Koloua, Nuku'alofa, Niue and possibly in norhtern New Zealand.
This event was probably triggered by a strong geomagnetic storm which maximized
at the time of the earthquake in Tonga which GOES 18 reported maximized at about 18:00 UT. SWPC reported this is the strongest
geomagnetic storm in the past month - since AP reached 35 on May 20, 2023. That
storm was associated with the M 7.7 series in the Loyalty Islands of May 19-20,
the last major earthquake in the world - an event located directly west of today's epicenter. An aftershock of M 6.0 followed later
in the day. This is the strongest earthquake in Tonga within about 250 km of this epicenter since an M 7.4 on May 23, 2013. " (June 15, 2023)
This epicenter was nearly sub-solar (sun directly overhead at local solar noon - latitudes at sub-solar conditions on December 3 are at 20 South)
and is located at the seventh node (52 degrees) from the South Geomagnetic
equator and at the sixth node from Mindanao, Philippines and may have
been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 02DEC2025 23:35:30 20.9S 178.9W MW=5.6 EMSC FIJI REGION
The swarm of earthquakes in northern California continued today near Kenwood, California.
This included an M 2.8 which was felt widely with intensity III in California at Santa Rosa, Kenwood, Sebastopol, Glen Ellen, and II in Rohnert Park.
In previous issues of this summary it had been noted as:
"Aftershocks also continued today in the Petaluma area of northern California, north of
San Francisco. Today's events included those of M 3.1 and M 2.9 among others.
NEIC reported these aftershocks were felt with intensity IV in California at Cotati and Santa Rosa; III in Glen Ellen, Kenwood, Penngrove and II in Pacifica, and Rohnert Park.
This series had been discussed in the previous issue of this summary as:
"A significant series of earthquakes occurred after the solar flare. This included an M 3.3 and M 3.1 in the area near Kenwood, California north of San Francisco
near local solar midnight. NEIC reported the larger events in this series were
felt with intensity III in California at Kenwood, Penngrove, Santa Rosa, Cotati, Rohnert Park, Glen Ellen, Santa Rosa, and Petaluma.
EMSC reported moderate shaking without damage in California at Kenwood, Santa Rosa, Glen Ellen, Santa Rosa, Rohnert Park.
The M 3.1 occurred within several minutes of local solar midnight and it an
a number of associated events were probably promoted by energy from the X1.9
solar flare which was still in progress when this swarm began. These earthquakes
are south of the active geysers area. The M 3.3 is the strongest earthquake
in this area of northern California since an M 4.3 on September 14, 2022.
At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an unusually large M 4.4 in the Geysers
region of Northern California. It was followed by an M 3.9 aftershock a minute later.
NEIC reported it was felt with intensity V in Santa Roas, Fulton, IV in Windsor, Rohnert Park, Sebastopol, Calistoga, Healdsburg, Monte Rio, Occidental, Jenner with lesser shaking within 500 km in northern California.
The last earthquake in northern California within the Geysers area of equal or
larger magnitude occurred on December 14, 2016 with M 5.0." (September 14, 2022)
It is likely that additional enhanced seismicity will continued near this epicenter
and through Central California with large upcoming solar flares or sudden
commencement geomagnetic storms.
This epicenter is at the seventh node (52 degrees) from Kamchatka and 101-103 degrees from
strong earthquake in Central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those sources." (December 1-2, 2025)
O: 03DEC2025 03:23:44 38.4N 122.6W MD=2.8 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.9 in the Ojai, California west of Los Angeles was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Ojai, California west of Los Angeles with III in Ventura, Oak View, Frazier Park, and Ojai and II in Goleta, Camarillo, Carpinteria, Ventura.
This epicenter is at 104 degrees from recent major tremors in the central
Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 03DEC2025 03:05:48 34.5N 119.3W ML=2.8 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.4 in Mendoza, Argentina was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Mendoza, Argentina.
O: 02DEC2025 23:28:31 32.3S 68.6W MW=4.4 EMSC MENDOZA, ARGENTINA
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in Central Peru was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Central Peru at Independencia, San Isidro, Santiago de Surco, and Cieneguilla.
It was preceded by an M 4.6 foreshock reportedly felt in Peru in Santiago de Curco, San Isidro, Jesus Maria, Lima, Independencia, La Molina, Cieneguilla.
These epicenters area near 103 degrees from both the north and south geomagnetic
poles and may have been promoted by geomagnetic stresses. The first of M 4.6
occurred within minutes of local solar noon, a prime time for effects from
geomagnetic influences and tides to help promote seismicity when the sun is
directly overhead. This event occurred at a near sub-solar condition. Exact
sub-solar latitudes on December 2 are near 20 South latitude.
O: 02DEC2025 22:06:45 11.6S 77.4W ML=4.9 EMSC NEAR COAST OF CENTRAL PERU
O: 02DEC2025 16:41:41 12.4S 77.5W ML=4.6 EMSC NEAR COAST OF CENTRAL PERU
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 5.2 in Hokkaido, Japan was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Hokkaido, Japan in Yuzhno-Kurilsk, Russia.
O: 02DEC2025 10:03:01 43.0N 145.5E MB=5.2 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of December 2, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
630 0514 0522 0529 C3.9 (December 2, 2025) 4.0E-03
Kermadec Is. M 5.0 05:14 UT
Chiapas M 4.3 05:17 UT
650 0529 0535 0539 C3.9 (December 2, 2025) 2.6E-03
750 1037 1040 1044 C2.9 (December 2, 2025) 1.4E-03
790 1212 1221 1228 C2.6 (December 2, 2025) 2.7E-03
Sicily M 2.2 12:15 UT
870 1228 1231 1233 C2.7 (December 2, 2025) 1.2E-03
Banda Sea M 4.7 12:30 UT
830 1406 1409 1413 C3.5 (December 2, 2025) 1.5E-03
860 1557 1602 1607 C2.0 (December 2, 2025) 1.3E-03
Fiji M 4.3 15:56 UT
880 1735 1744 1748 C4.0 (December 2, 2025) 2.2E-03
910 2032 2038 2043 C5.4 (December 2, 2025) 2.8E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: major storms December 3-4 active December 5. Solar M-flare chance: 75% X-class: 30% proton storm: 15%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 9 9 5 11:00 4 177 200
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on December 1, 2025 at 16:26:30 UT (#251201B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V=15.97 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 26, 2025 at 19:10:36 UT (#251126A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
December 2, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
In the previous issue of this summary a major solar flare of X1.9 was discussed as follows:
"A major X1.9 solar flare occurred early on December 1 with the following
parameters via SWPC:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0220 0249 0540 X1.9 (December 1, 2025) 2.5E-01 *
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
Immediate effects from this flare are most likely in longitudes between 140-90E and at the opposite longitudes of 40-90W.
These include the western Pacific region from Japan south to Indonesia and areas
of the Caribbean and Central America in the west. Enhanced seismicity
in these areas is likely in the next several hours.
This is the strongest and first X-class solar flare recorded since an X4.0
on November 14 (#6400) and an X5.1 on November 11, 2025 (#5520). These
were followed by a prolonged quiet period in global seismicity through
November 27, 2025." (December 1, 2025)
According to NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SFO) this flare triggered a strong (R3) radio blackout across Australia and parts of Southeast Asia.
This is the same region that prodiced the X5 flare on November 11, 2025. That was
followed by the second strongest geomagnetic storm since 1989 (think San Francisco
World Series earthquake). That storm which reached KP 8.6 was followed by
the strongest quiet in strong earthquakes in the world in the past eight years
as documented in this summary in previous issues. SWPC expects a geomagnetic
storm with strong aurora about December 3-4 as the CME from today's flare,
although glancing, hits the earth's ionosphere.
It is now possible to evaluate the effects on seismicity during the day
following this solar flare. The flare peaked at about 02:49 UT according
to the latest data from SWPC. At that time the longitude at 41 West was
at local solar midnight and the longitude at 139 East was at local solar noon.
These represent longitudes about which peak interaction with the effects
of this flare might be see in seismicity. The most unusual of this activity
occurred about a day later in the central mid-Atlantic Ridge with events
of M 5.2 and M 4.6 at 41 West longitude. These events are the strongest within about 200 km of
these epicenters since an M 5.1 on April 7, 2022. The only event near this
area with significantly larger magnitude than M 5.0 in the past 10 years
occurred as an M 5.9 about 300 km northwest of today's epicenter on October 30, 2020
and an M 6.7 on March 22, 2022. At the time this summary noted:
"An M 6.7 also occurred today in the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ocean about one hour before the
event in Taiwan. The distance between the North Atlantic event and Taiwan is
144 degrees. Seismic energy from large earthquakes is reflected and refracted
off core boundaries and returns to the surface near 144 degrees from the mainshock.
Seismicity is often seen to increase at this distance and is likely triggered
by this strong reflected and refracted energy. Todqay's event is the strongest within
about 300 km of this epicenter since an M 6.9 on February 8, 2008 and an M 7.0 on June 2, 1996, The last earthquake
of similar or larger magnitude in this region was an M 6.5 on June 24, 2013." (March 22, 2022)
As today's earthquakes occurred at the exact longitude where the flare peaked
at local solar midnight, it is probably that SFE from the flare triggered this
activity in the Central Mid-Atlantic.
This epicenter is located at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the Drake Passage
and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 02DEC2025 07:34:30 9.3N 40.7W MW=5.2 EMSC CENTRAL MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
O: 02DEC2025 05:59:28 9.4N 40.5W mb=4.6 EMSC CENTRAL MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in the Alaska Peninsula was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Alaska Peninsula at Sand Point.
This epicenter is located at the fifth node (72 degrees) from recent major
earthquakes in the Central Philippines and may have been promoted by
energy from those sources.
O: 02DEC2025 00:19:15 54.7N 160.5W ML=4.0 EMSC ALASKA PENINSULA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 in Central Peru was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Peru with III in Lima and San Luis and II in Pucallpa, Ucayali.
This is near the antipode to the position of Tropical Cyclone 34W and may have
been promoted by energy from that source as previously discussed in this summary:
"Tropical Cyclone 34W continued today in the region of Malaysia with winds up to 40 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this area of Sumatra and Malaysia Indonesia. It made landfall in northern Sumatra two days ago and reformed as TC 34W after it was accompanied by an M 6.4 earthquake as landfall was being made. The antipode is at 5S 75W - is in the area of southern Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time." (November 30, 2025)
This epicenter is located at the seventh node from the Drake Passage and
may have been promoted by energy from that source. It is also at 103 degrees
from both the north and south geomagnetic poles and was likely promoted
by geomagnetic stresses associated with recent major geomagnetic storms.
O: 01DEC2025 23:26:59 9.6S 75.2W MB=5.0 EMSC CENTRAL PERU
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 5.1 in the eastern Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska.
NEIC reported it was felt with intensity II in Atka, Alaska. This event occurred
near local solar noon and may have been promoted by tidal or geomagnetic stresses
which maximize near this hour.
This epicenter is at the 143 (node 5) degrees from the Drake Passage and
may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 01DEC2025 22:21:08 51.6N 173.4W MW=5.1 EMSC ANDREANOF ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN IS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in the Loyalty Islands was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Loyalty Islands in Tadine and Noumea, New Caledonia.
This epicenter is at the fourth node (90 degrees) from the Drake Passage and
may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 01DEC2025 21:12:23 21.1S 168.4E MB=4.9 EMSC LOYALTY ISLANDS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in Myanmar was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Myanmar at Sittwe, Mandalay, in India at Dispur, Morigaon, Guwahati, Raha, Hnahthial, in Bangladesh at Faridpur, Tangail, Sirajganj, Azimpur, Tungi, Paltan, Raojan, Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Comilla, Sylhet.
This event occurred within minutes of local solar midnight and may have been
promoted by tidal and/or geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this hour.
O: 01DEC2025 18:55:16 22.9N 94.4E MB=4.9 EMSC MYANMAR
An aftershock of M 4.3 occurred which EMSC reported was felt lightly in Bangladesh at Cox's Bazar and Paltan.
This epicenter is at the eighth node (45 degrees) from Honshu, Japan and
may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 02DEC2025 01:56:42 23.2N 94.9E ML=4.3 EMSC MYANMAR
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.1 in Central Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Alaska at Eagle River.
This epicenter is at the eighth node (45 degrees) from Honshu, Japan and
may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 01DEC2025 13:06:27 62.5N 150.4W ML=3.1 EMSC CENTRAL ALASKA
Aftershocks also continued today in the Petaluma area of northern California, north of
San Francisco. Today's events included those of M 3.1 and M 2.9 among others.
NEIC reported these aftershocks were felt with intensity IV in California at Cotati and Santa Rosa; III in Glen Ellen, Kenwood, Penngrove and II in Pacifica, and Rohnert Park.
This series had been discussed in the previous issue of this summary as:
"A significant series of earthquakes occurred after the solar flare. This included an M 3.3 and M 3.1 in the area near Kenwood, California north of San Francisco
near local solar midnight. NEIC reported the larger events in this series were
felt with intensity III in California at Kenwood, Penngrove, Santa Rosa, Cotati, Rohnert Park, Glen Ellen, Santa Rosa, and Petaluma.
EMSC reported moderate shaking without damage in California at Kenwood, Santa Rosa, Glen Ellen, Santa Rosa, Rohnert Park.
The M 3.1 occurred within several minutes of local solar midnight and it an
a number of associated events were probably promoted by energy from the X1.9
solar flare which was still in progress when this swarm began. These earthquakes
are south of the active geysers area. The M 3.3 is the strongest earthquake
in this area of northern California since an M 4.3 on September 14, 2022.
At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an unusually large M 4.4 in the Geysers
region of Northern California. It was followed by an M 3.9 aftershock a minute later.
NEIC reported it was felt with intensity V in Santa Roas, Fulton, IV in Windsor, Rohnert Park, Sebastopol, Calistoga, Healdsburg, Monte Rio, Occidental, Jenner with lesser shaking within 500 km in northern California.
The last earthquake in northern California within the Geysers area of equal or
larger magnitude occurred on December 14, 2016 with M 5.0." (September 14, 2022)
It is likely that additional enhanced seismicity will continued near this epicenter
and through Central California with large upcoming solar flares or sudden
commencement geomagnetic storms.
This epicenter is at the seventh node (52 degrees) from Kamchatka and 101-103 degrees from
strong earthquake in Central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those sources." (December 1, 2025)
O: 01DEC2025 06:59:31 38.4N 122.6W MD=2.2 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 01DEC2025 07:05:03 38.4N 122.6W MD=2.1 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 01DEC2025 07:38:10 38.4N 122.6W ML=2.7 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 01DEC2025 08:06:34 38.4N 122.6W ML=3.0 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 01DEC2025 08:06:34 38.4N 122.6W ML=3.1 NEIC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 01DEC2025 10:14:24 38.4N 122.6W MD=2.9 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 02DEC2025 03:07:29 38.4N 122.4W MD=2.1 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 01DEC2025 18:40:22 39.7N 123.6W MD=2.2 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
Other earthquakes of unusual epicenter today occurred in the Bay of Bengal, India
with M 4.2 and in the Chhattisgarh-Orissa border region of Peninsular India.
These may be related to the passage of Tropical Cyclone Ditwah where it made
landfall today near these two epicenters as discussed in this and previous
issues of this summary:
"TC DITWAH 2025-12-01 00:00 UT 15.5N 83.9E 40 kts Sri Lanka
Tropical Cyclone Ditwah (05B) continued today in the region of Sri Lanka in the Bay of Bengal, India with winds up to 40 kts where it made landfall today. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this area or to the north. The antipode is at 15S 99W - is in the area west of south of the Galapagos and west of Peru but is not seismic." (December 1-2, 2025)
O: 01DEC2025 09:02:04 16.8N 83.6E ML=4.2 EMSC BAY OF BENGAL
O: 02DEC2025 07:44:59 21.3N 83.6E ML=4.4 EMSC CHHATTISGARH-ORISSA BORD., IND
An earthquake of M 4.4 also occurred near local solar noon today in the area of
northeastern Russia - Sakha. This event was not reported felt in this remote area.
The timing near local solar midnight suggests it may have been promoted by tidal and/or geomagnetic
stresses associated or geomagnetic effects with the X1.9 flare of early December 1. This is located at the antipode of recent major events in the Drake Passage of
the South Atlantic and was probably promoted by strong focused energy at the
antipode of those sources.
O: 01DEC2025 14:55:45 58.5N 126.6E MB=4.4 EMSC SOUTHWESTERN SAKHA, RUSSIA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE DITWAH (05B)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC DITWAH 2025-12-01 00:00 UT 15.5N 83.9E 40 kts Sri Lanka
Tropical Cyclone Ditwah (05B) continued today in the region of Sri Lanka in the Bay of Bengal, India with winds up to 40 kts where it made landfall today. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this area or to the north. The antipode is at 15S 99W - is in the area west of south of the Galapagos and west of Peru but is not seismic.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of December 1, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
230 0227 0249 0411 X1.9 (December 1, 2025) 2.5E-01
Iran M 4.6 04:26 UT
Northern Nevada M 3.3 03:27 UT
Colorado M 2.1 03:25 UT
Tonga M 5.0 02:54 UT
Bolivia M 4.1 02:22 UT
280 0616 0620 0622 C7.9 (December 1, 2025) 3.0E-03
Puerto Rico M 3.3 06:16 UT
Smatra M 3.1 06:16 UT
350 0954 1014 1056 C6.0 (December 1, 2025) 2.0E-02
Revilla Gigedo Is. M 4.1 10:00 UT
Oaxaca M 4.0 10:09 UT
410 1246 1249 1251 C4.2 (December 1, 2025) 1.6E-03
440 1416 1423 1428 C3.5 (December 1, 2025) 2.5E-03
460 1622 1637 1651 C4.1 (December 1, 2025) 6.5E-03
Sumatra M 3.5 16:24 UT
480 1851 1901 1912 C3.2 (December 1, 2025) 4.6E-03
Myanmar M 4.9 18:55 UT
520 1912 1919 1921 C3.2 (December 1, 2025) 2.3E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: quiet December 2 major storms December 3-4. Solar M-flare chance: 75% X-class: 30% proton storm: 15%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 9 9 5 11:00 4 175 196
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 26, 2025 at 19:10:36 UT (#251126A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
December 1, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A major X1.9 solar flare occurred early on December 1 with the following
parameters via SWPC:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0220 0249 0540 X1.9 (December 1, 2025) 2.5E-01 *
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
Immediate effects from this flare are most likely in longitudes between 140-90E and at the opposite longitudes of 40-90W.
These include the western Pacific region from Japan south to Indonesia and areas
of the Caribbean and Central America in the west. Enhanced seismicity
in these areas is likely in the next several hours.
This is the strongest and first X-class solar flare recorded since an X4.0
on November 14 (#6400) and an X5.1 on November 11, 2025 (#5520). These
were followed by a prolonged quiet period in global seismicity through
November 27, 2025.
A significant series of earthquakes occurred after the solar flare. This included an M 3.3 and M 3.1 in the area near Kenwood, California north of San Francisco
near local solar midnight. NEIC reported the larger events in this series were
felt with intensity III in California at Kenwood, Penngrove, Santa Rosa, Cotati, Rohnert Park, Glen Ellen, Santa Rosa, and Petaluma.
EMSC reported moderate shaking without damage in California at Kenwood, Santa Rosa, Glen Ellen, Santa Rosa, Rohnert Park.
The M 3.1 occurred within several minutes of local solar midnight and it an
a number of associated events were probably promoted by energy from the X1.9
solar flare which was still in progress when this swarm began. These earthquakes
are south of the active geysers area. The M 3.3 is the strongest earthquake
in this area of northern California since an M 4.3 on September 14, 2022.
At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an unusually large M 4.4 in the Geysers
region of Northern California. It was followed by an M 3.9 aftershock a minute later.
NEIC reported it was felt with intensity V in Santa Roas, Fulton, IV in Windsor, Rohnert Park, Sebastopol, Calistoga, Healdsburg, Monte Rio, Occidental, Jenner with lesser shaking within 500 km in northern California.
The last earthquake in northern California within the Geysers area of equal or
larger magnitude occurred on December 14, 2016 with M 5.0." (September 14, 2022)
It is likely that additional enhanced seismicity will continued near this epicenter
and through Central California with large upcoming solar flares or sudden
commencement geomagnetic storms.
This epicenter is at the seventh node (52 degrees) from Kamchatka and 101-103 degrees from
strong earthquake in Central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 01DEC2025 06:56:36 38.4N 122.6W ML=3.3 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 01DEC2025 06:59:31 38.4N 122.6W MD=2.2 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 01DEC2025 07:05:03 38.4N 122.6W MD=2.1 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 01DEC2025 07:38:10 38.4N 122.6W ML=2.7 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 01DEC2025 08:06:34 38.4N 122.6W ML=3.1 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
Earlier in the day an M 3.1 occurred in northern California to the west of
the events near Petaluma discussed above. This event was reported by NEIC
to have been felt with intensity II in California at Alameda, Willows and Middletown and possibly Chico.
O: 30NOV2025 14:56:07 39.4N 122.1W ML=3.1 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.3-5.4 in the area of the
Kermadec Islands. It was not reported felt in this remote area. If a major
quake occurs around December 12 or 19, 2025, this is a possible area for
such an event - most likely near local solar noon with the full moon.
O: 30NOV2025 10:05:38 27.4S 176.5W MW=5.4 EMSC KERMADEC ISLANDS REGION
O: 30NOV2025 10:05:38 27.4S 176.5W MW=5.3 NEIC KERMADEC ISLANDS REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Washington State nee Loomis was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Washington State near Loomis, Tonasket and II in Oroville.
This epicenter is at 103 degrees from the eye of Tropical Cyclone Koto and
may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 30NOV2025 15:53:36 48.8N 119.5W ML=2.8 EMSC WASHINGTON
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Southern Iran was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Southern Iran in Bandar Abbas.
O: 01DEC2025 04:26:21 27.5N 56.0E MB=4.6 EMSC SOUTHERN IRAN
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in Ecuador was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Ecuador at Santa Lucia, and Eloy Alfaro.
This is nearly antipodal to the position of Tropical Cyclone Senyar and Tropical Cyclone 34W at the time of
the earthquake and may have been promoted by antipodal focused energy from those sources
as noted in previous issues of this summary:
"Tropical Cyclone Senyar (04B) formed today in the region of Sumatra with winds up to 45 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of Sumatra Indonesia. It is expected to make landfall in northern Sumatra today and to dissipate quickly. The antipode is at 4S 82W - is in the area west of Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time." (November 25-27, 2025)
"Tropical Cyclone 34W formed today in the region of Malaysia with winds up to 40 kts where it made landfall today. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of Sumatra Indonesia. It made landfall in northern Sumatra today and to dissipate quickly and reformed as TC 34W after it was accompanied by an M 6.4 earthquake as landfall was being made. The antipode is at 4S 98W - is in the area west of Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time." (November 30, 2025)
O: 01DEC2025 06:37:06 5.2S 80.5W ML=4.2 EMSC NEAR COAST OF NORTHERN PERU
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE KOTO
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC KOTO 2025-12-01 00:00 UT 14.6N 111.5E 45 kts West of Central Philippines
Tropical Cyclone Koto (05B) continued today in the region west of central Philippines winds up to 45 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of the central Philippines. The antipode is at 15S 68W - is in the area of north-western Brazil and central Peru. Some enhanced seismicity in central Peru is possible near 15S 71W as this cyclone tracks to the west over the next several days.
TROPICAL CYCLONE 34W
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC 34W 2025-12-01 00:00 UT 6.4N 109.1E 35 kts Malaysia
Tropical Cyclone 34W continued today in the region of Malaysia with winds up to 35 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this area of Sumatra and Malaysia Indonesia. It made landfall in northern Sumatra two days ago and reformed as TC 34W after it was accompanied by an M 6.4 earthquake as landfall was being made. The antipode is at 7S 71W - is in the area of northern Peru and Brazil where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE DITWAH (05B)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC DITWAH 2025-12-01 00:00 UT 10.5N 80.9E 40 kts Sri Lanka
Tropical Cyclone Ditwah (05B) continued today in the region of Sri Lanka south of India with winds up to 40 kts where it made landfall today. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this area or to the north. The antipode is at 10S 99W - is in the area west of south of the Galapagos and west of Peru but is not seismic.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 30, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0220 0249 0540 X1.9 (December 1, 2025) 2.5E-01 *
9720 0016 0040 0056 C8.0 (November 30, 2025) 1.6E-02
Banda Sea M 4.0 00:56 UT
New Guinea M 3.3 00:58 UT
9780 0202 0209 0215 C3.7 (November 30, 2025) 2.8E-03
Channel Is., California M 2.8 02:00 UT
9790 0232 0236 0244 C3.3 (November 30, 2025) 2.8E-03
New Guinea M 3.0 02:40 UT M 2.9 02:32 UT
9840 0244 0247 0250 C3.6 (November 30, 2025) 1.6E-03
Argentina M 4.6 02:51 UT
9810 0415 0420 0428 C3.0 (November 30, 2025) 2.5E-03
Veracruz, Mexico M 4.1 04:18 UT
9850 0538 0605 0641 C6.6 (November 30, 2025) 2.2E-02
New Guinea M 4.1 05:38 UT
Ecuador M 4.7 05:35 UT
9900 0856 0908 0912 C5.7 (November 30, 2025) 5.7E-03
Oaxaca M 3.8 09:03 UT
New Guinea M 2.9 08:59 UT
9990 0912 0917 0922 C6.7 (November 30, 2025) 4.5E-03
9950 1007 1023 1032 C8.3 (November 30, 2025) 9.3E-03
Kermadec Is. M 5.4 10:06 UT
Zimbabwe M 4.0 10:03 UT
30 1047 1054 1104 C9.0 (November 30, 2025) 8.7E-03
120 1927 1941 2000 C5.4 (November 30, 2025) 1.0E-02
Colima, Mexico M 3.4 19:27 UT
130 2033 2048 2105 C5.3 (November 30, 2025) 9.4E-03
New Guinea M 4.3 20:40 UT
200 2105 2110 2112 C5.0 (November 30, 2025) 2.7E-03
170 2154 2202 2206 C5.5 (November 30, 2025) 3.3E-03
Colorado M 2.7 21:55 UT
Guerrero M 3.6 21:55 UT
Yemen M 3.1 22:07 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: unsettled December 1 quiet December 2 active December 3. Solar M-flare chance: 70% X-class: 20% proton storm: 10%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 16 18 14 11:00 5 108 180
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 26, 2025 at 19:10:36 UT (#251126A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 30, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
Some have wondered if the recent long quiet period in global seismicity will
be followed by a major global earthquake soon. Historical data suggests
about 30% chance of an earthquake in the world of M>=7.4 in the next month
on the basis of the 25 most prolonged global quiet periods of the past 35 years
as previously published in this summary. The most likely dates of such events
are 15-17 days after November 27, 2025 - when the quiet ended - and 21-22 days
after. This translates to a higher than likely probability of such a major
event in the next month within a day of December 13, 2025 and December 19, 2025
Data for the analysis follows using times between the end of a seismic
quiet period and earthquakes of M>=7.4 in the first month.
Table 1: Time delay of Major earthquakes after prolonged seismic quiet (month)
#days Quiet ends Major quake LAT LONG MAG
Major Quake
9 (04-16-2015 04-25-2015) 28.1 84.7 7.8 Nepal
15 (05-26-1996 06-10-1996) 51.6 -177.6 7.9 Andreanof Is.
15 (10-06-2011 10-21-2011) -29.0 -176.2 7.4 Kermadec Is.
15 (09-01-2015 09-16-2015) -31.6 -71.7 8.3 Central Chile
17 (10-06-2011 10-23-2011) 38.7 43.5 7.3 Eastern Turkey
21 (01-02-2018 01-23-2018) 56.0 -149.1 7.9 Southern Alaska
22 (05-26-1996 06-17-1996) -7.1 122.6 7.9 Timor, Indonesia
22 (01-07-2020 01-28-2020) 19.4 -78.8 7.7 Cuba
29 (10-15-2016 11-13-2016) -42.8 173.1 7.8 South Island, New Zealand
At slightly smaller magnitude of M 6.5, of the 25 prolonged quiet the only
time at which a significant number of events of M>=6.5 occur following
the end of a quiet period is at 15 days when about half the quiets see
an event of M>=6.5i. This would suggest such an event upcoming around December 12, 2025.
Still the 21-22 day peak may be the more likely as it coincides with
the December, 2025 new moon and a likely peak in solar and geomagnetic
storminess. Only a few subduction zones and transform systems can produce
earthquakes of this magnitude. Further studies may help narrow the possible
locations of such an event.
The strongest earthquakes of the day were an M 5.9 and M 5.8 at different
epicenters in the Macquarie Island area south of Australia. Neither of these
were reported felt in this remote area. The M 5.8 occurred at 105 degrees
from Kamchatka (node 7) and at the fourth node (90 degrees)
from the major earthquakes in Honshu Japan of November 9, 2025. They are also at the
fifth node from Tropical Cyclones Senyar and Koto and near this distance
from the Central Philippines suggesting constructive energy interference. These events near Macquarie Island were probably
promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 29NOV2025 08:03:53 52.4S 151.8E MW=5.9 EMSC WEST OF MACQUARIE ISLAND
O: 29NOV2025 22:47:50 56.5S 147.4E MW=5.8 EMSC WEST OF MACQUARIE ISLAND
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.4-3.6 in Hawaii was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Hawaii with III in Pepeekeo, Captain Cook and Naalehu and II in Pahoa, Kamuela, Kealakekua, Volcano, Mountain View, Papaikou, Laupahoehoe, Hakalau and Ninole.
This event occurred during a strong eruption at Kilauea, Hawaii.
This epicenter is at 104 degrees from the current eye of Tropical Cyclone Senhar
and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 30NOV2025 04:39:31 19.2N 155.5W ML=3.6 EMSC ISLAND OF HAWAII, HAWAII
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.0 in San Clemente Is. California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of San Clemente Is. California with II in Calabasas and possible light shaking in North Hollywood and Mission Viejo.
This epicenter is at the sixth node (60 degrees) from the North Geomagnetic pole and Kamchatka
and at 103-105 degrees from the central Philippines and the Drake Passage and may hav been
promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 30NOV2025 02:00:16 32.8N 118.4W ML=2.8 EMSC CHANNEL ISLANDS, CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported a series of light earthquakes in Baja California, Mexico today were felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Baja California.
These epicenters are at 103 degrees from the Drake Passage and at the sixth
node (90 degrees) from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those
sources.
O: 29NOV2025 11:27:05 31.8N 116.1W ML=2.1 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 29NOV2025 10:08:56 32.6N 115.2W ML=2.1 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 29NOV2025 10:45:27 32.6N 115.2W ML=2.5 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 29NOV2025 10:46:33 32.6N 115.2W ML=2.0 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 29NOV2025 10:50:12 32.6N 115.2W ML=2.2 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 29NOV2025 13:52:37 32.6N 115.2W ML=2.3 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 29NOV2025 13:57:42 32.6N 115.2W ML=2.1 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 29NOV2025 15:12:22 32.6N 115.2W ML=2.3 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 29NOV2025 16:20:41 32.6N 115.2W ML=2.1 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.9 in Southern Kansas was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern Kansas at Anthony.
O: 30NOV2025 00:08:39 37.3N 97.9W ML=2.9 EMSC KANSAS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Micronesia was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Micronesian in Yap with intensity IV.
This epicenter is at the 12th node (30.0 degrees) from Northern Honshu, Japan
and could have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 29NOV2025 13:29:48 9.6N 138.1E MB=4.6 EMSC STATE OF YAP, MICRONESIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.9 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California with III in San Juan Bautista, Salinas, Aromas, Santa Cruz and II in Pacific Grove, Gilroy, San Carlos and Hollister.
O: 29NOV2025 07:47:51 36.9N 121.6W MD=2.8 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 29NOV2025 07:47:51 36.9N 121.6W MD=2.9 NEIC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE KOTO
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC KOTO 2025-11-30 00:00 UT 14.3N 112.3E 55 kts West of Central Philippines
Tropical Cyclone Koto (05B) continued today in the region west of central Philippines winds up to 55 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of the central Philippines. The antipode is at 14S 66W - is in the area of north-western Brazil. Some enhanced seismicity in central Peru is possible near 14S 71-75W as this cyclone tracks to the west over the next several days.
TROPICAL CYCLONE 34W
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC 34W 2025-11-30 00:00 UT 6.4N 109.1E 35 kts Malaysia
Tropical Cyclone 34W continued today in the region of Malaysia with winds up to 35 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this area of Sumatra and Malaysia Indonesia. It made landfall in northern Sumatra two days ago and reformed as TC 34W after it was accompanied by an M 6.4 earthquake as landfall was being made. The antipode is at 7S 71W - is in the area of northern Peru and Brazil where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE DITWAH (05B)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC DITWAH 2025-11-30 00:00 UT 10.5N 80.9E 40 kts Sri Lanka
Tropical Cyclone Ditwah (05B) continued today in the region of Sri Lanka south of India with winds up to 40 kts where it made landfall today. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this area or to the north. The antipode is at 10S 99W - is in the area west of south of the Galapagos and west of Peru but is not seismic.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 29, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
9300 0140 0145 0148 C9.0 (November 29, 2025) 3.1E-03
9360 0414 0420 0422 M1.5 (November 29, 2025) 5.0E-03
Ascension Is. M 5.0 04:20 UT
9430 0700 0710 0725 C6.3 (November 29, 2025) 8.1E-03
Mariana Is. M 4.7 06:57 UT
Russia M 4.6 07:18 UT
9470 0850 0908 0919 C7.0 (November 29, 2025) 1.0E-02
9490 0933 0939 0944 C4.7 (November 29, 2025) 3.2E-03
Chiapas M 4.1 09:50 UT
9520 1224 1227 1231 C3.6 (November 29, 2025) 1.6E-03
Southern California M 2.2 12:48 UT
9530 1302 1316 1325 M1.1 (November 29, 2025) 9.1E-03
Micronesia M 4.6 13:29 UT
Vanuatu M 4.6 13:41 UT
9540 1442 1448 1451 C3.3 (November 29, 2025) 1.9E-03
9550 1536 1607 1632 M2.8 (November 29, 2025) 6.0E-02
9610 2004 2014 2017 M1.4 (November 29, 2025) 5.8E-03
Northern Philippines M 4.8 20:01 UT
9640 2134 2148 2154 M1.4 (November 29, 2025) 1.0E-02
Honshu M 4.4 21:46 UT
Gulf of California M 3.7 21:52 UT
Central America M 3.6 21:50 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: disturbed November 30 quiet December 1-2. Solar M-flare chance: 65% X-class: 15% proton storm: 5%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 20 44 12 12:00 6 74 160
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 26, 2025 at 19:10:36 UT (#251126A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 29, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A series of moderate to moderately large earthquakes occurred at nodal positions
from the M 6.9 in northern Honshu of November 9 today. These included an M 5.8
at 103-104 degrees (node 7) in Guatemala; an M 5.9 at the fourth node (90 degrees)
in the Macquarie Islands; two events in the southern mid-Atlantic Ridge of M 4.9 and M 5.0
near 144 degrees (node 5) among others. This nodal activity from Honshu
had been expected. An M 5.2 also occurred near the antipode to Kamchatka in
the Mid-Atlantic Ridge today.
O: 29NOV2025 04:20:40 8.0S 13.5W MB=4.9 EMSC ASCENSION ISLAND REGION
This epicenter is at 143 degrees from Honshu, Japan and at 102 degrees from the
north Geomagnetic Pole and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 28NOV2025 20:06:06 15.3N 92.1W MW=5.8 EMSC GUATEMALA
This epicenter is located at 104-105 degrees from the M 6.9 in Honshu, Japan of November 9
at 143 degrees from the eye of Tropical Cyclone Koto and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 28NOV2025 13:29:35 14.2S 14.3W MB=5.0 EMSC SOUTHERN MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
This epicenter is at 147 degrees from Honshu, Japan and at 141 degrees from the
recent major earthquakes in the central Philippines an Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 29NOV2025 08:03:53 52.4S 151.8E MW=5.9 EMSC WEST OF MACQUARIE ISLAND
This epicenter is located at the fifth node from tropical cyclones Senyar and Koto; at 105 degrees from Kamchatka; an the fourth node (90 degrees)
from Honshu, Japan and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 28NOV2025 22:46:29 47.5S 13.5W MB=5.2 EMSC SOUTHERN MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
This epicenter is located near the antipode to Kamchatka and at 107 degrees from
the eye of Tropical Cyclone Senyar and may have been promoted by energy from
those sources.
The earthquake in Guatemala had its epicenter near Huehuetenango in eastern Guatemala border with
Chiapas, Mexico. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in Quezaltenango, Guatemala at Olintepeque, Coatepeque and in San Juan la Laguna, Solola and in Villahermose, Tabasco, Mexico and II in Chipa, Chiapas, Mexico.
This is the strongest earthquake within about 150 km of this epicenter in Guatemala
since an M 6.4 on May 12, 2024. At the time this summary noted:
"As the geomagnetic storm wound down today, the expected resurgence of global
seismicity began. This started with an M 6.4 off the coast of Guatemala and Chiapas,
Mexico. Then near local solar noon an earthquake of M 4.9-5.0 occurred in Baja
California. This was accompanied by a number of foreshocks and moderate
aftershocks. This was followed by an M 5.9 in the Kermadec Islands, New
Zealand. Each of these had been expected as a consequence of recent
X-class solar flares.
The strongest earthquake of the day (at this writing) was an M 6.4 near the
Chiapas, Mexico-Guatemala border. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity up to
VII in Brisas Barra de Suchiate, Mexico and in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala.
The press reported minor damage but no casualties with this strongly felt
earthquake." (May 12, 2024)
The series on May 12, 2024 is not unlike the current conditions with an M 5.8
in the Kermadec Islands and Guatemala and a swarm in Baja, California.
Today's event occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted by
tidal and/or geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this hour.
This epicenter is located at 104-105 degrees from the M 6.9 in Honshu, Japan of November 9
at 143 degrees from the eye of Tropical Cyclone Koto and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 28NOV2025 20:06:06 15.3N 92.1W MW=5.8 EMSC GUATEMALA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in El Salvador was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of El Salvador with IV in La Libertad and Nueva San Salvador and in Santiago Nonualco, La Paz and III in Antiguo Cuscatlan, San Salvador, Mejicanos and II in Juayua Sonsonate.
This earthquake occurred near local solar midnight and may have been promoted by tidal and/or
geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this hour.
O: 29NOV2025 06:52:40 13.3N 89.1W MW=4.9 EMSC OFFSHORE EL SALVADOR
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.9 in Kansas was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Kansas with III in Glade, Phillipsburg, Luray, Lenora.
This earthquake occurred within minutes of local solar midnight and may have been promoted by tidal and/or
geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this hour. This epicenter
is located at the third node (120 degrees) from the eye of Tropical Cyclone Koto
and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 29NOV2025 06:38:28 39.7N 99.2W ML=2.9 NEIC NORTHERN KANSAS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.0 in San Francisco, California was widely felt with more than 1500 respondants reporting felt intensities to NEIC with intensity up to IV in South San Francisco, Daly City, Sun Bruno; III in Pacifica, Brisbane, Millbrae and San Francisco, California.
O: 29NOV2025 01:03:04 37.7N 122.5W ML=3.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 28NOV2025 23:43:06 37.9N 121.8W MD=2.2 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
The earthquake in San Francisco followed a moderate earthquake near the antipode
in the South Indian Ocean. That event was not reported felt but was of M 4.8.
The antipode of the Indian Ocean event is at 37.3N 127W off western San Francisco.
It occurred near local solar midnight in a geomagnetic storm and may have been
promoted by geomagnetic stresses. This epicenter is located atht eh sixth node
(60 degrees) from the eye of Tropical Cyclone Senyar and may have been promoted
by energy from that source.
O: 28NOV2025 17:59:54 37.2S 52.4E MB=4.8 EMSC SOUTH INDIAN OCEAN
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.4 in Tarapaca, Chile was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Tarapaca, Chile at Iquique.
This epicenter, like those in the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge today is located
at 145 degrees from the M 6.9 in Honshu, Japan of November 9 and may have been
promoted by energy from that source.
O: 29NOV2025 00:48:34 20.6S 70.2W MW=4.4 EMSC OFFSHORE TARAPACA, CHILE
NEIC reported aftershocks of the M 6.0 near Anchorage, Alaska yesterday continued to be felt today with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Eagle River and Anchorage, Alaska.
O: 28NOV2025 17:32:30 61.6N 150.7W ML=3.3 EMSC SOUTHERN ALASKA
The series of light earthquake which began yesterday in the area near San Juan Bautista, California
continued today with shocks of M 3.4 and 2.8 recorded. These were reported by NEIC
to have been felt with intensity III in San Juan Bautista, Aromas, Salinas, Marina, San Francisco, and II in Hollister and Daly City, California.
The swarm had been described in this summary in the previous issue as:
"NEIC reported earthquakes of M 4.0 and M 3.9 were also felt widely in the area of Central California with reports of felt intensity up to IV from more than 1300 respondents including those in San Juan Bautista, Santa Cruz, Salinas, Moss Landing, Aromas, Hollister and III in Gilroy, San Mateo, Castroville and San Francisco.
These earthquakes in Central and northern California are near 103 degrees from the Central Philippines and at the
fifth node from Honshu, Japan and the Drake Passage and may have been
promoted by energy from those sources." (November 28, 2025)
O: 28NOV2025 17:15:15 37.0N 121.5W MD=2.0 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 28NOV2025 15:40:48 36.8N 121.6W MD=2.6 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 28NOV2025 15:42:45 36.8N 121.6W MD=2.5 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 28NOV2025 15:40:00 36.9N 121.6W ML=3.2 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 28NOV2025 15:40:00 36.9N 121.6W ML=3.4 NEIC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 29NOV2025 07:47:51 36.9N 121.6W MD=2.8 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 28NOV2025 08:31:28 37.0N 121.5W MD=2.0 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
The swarm in southern California east of Los Angeles also continued today.
The largest event in this swarm today was M 3.0 and was felt with intensity III in
southern California at Idyllwild, Murrieta and Hemet and II in White Water, Rancho Mirage and San Jacinto.
O: 28NOV2025 12:29:48 33.7N 116.8W ML=2.8 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 28NOV2025 12:29:48 33.7N 116.8W ML=3.0 NEIC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.4 in British Columbia, Canada was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of British Columbia, Canada with IV in Penticton, Peachland, Summerland, Kelowna and III in Osoyoos and Walnut Grove, B.C.
This epicenter is at 103 degrees from the eye of Tropical Cyclone koto
ana may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 28NOV2025 07:19:48 49.7N 119.6W ML=3.4 NEIC BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE KOTO
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC KOTO 2025-11-29 00:00 UT 13.3N 112.0E 55 kts West of Central Philippines
Tropical Cyclone Koto (05B) continued today in the region west of central Philippines winds up to 55 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of the central Philippines. The antipode is at 13S 67W - is in the area of north-western Brazil. Some enhanced seismicity in central Peru is possible near 13S 71-75W as this cyclone tracks to the west over the next several days.
TROPICAL CYCLONE 34W
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC 34W 2025-11-29 00:00 UT 4.8N 106.8E 40 kts Malaysia
Tropical Cyclone 34W continued today in the region of Malaysia with winds up to 40 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this area of Sumatra and Malaysia Indonesia. It made landfall in northern Sumatra two days ago and reformed as TC 34W after it was accompanied by an M 6.4 earthquake as landfall was being made. The antipode is at 5S 75W - is in the area of southern Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE DITWAH (05B)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC DITWAH 2025-11-29 00:00 UT 10.0N 80.8E 45 kts Sri Lanka
Tropical Cyclone Ditwah (05B) continued today in the region of Sri Lanka south of India with winds up to 45 kts where it made landfall today. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this area or to the north. The antipode is at 10S 99W - is in the area west of south of the Galapagos and west of Peru but is not seismic.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 28, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
8790 0029 0047 0105 C3.3 (November 28, 2025) 7.7E-03
Northern Iran M 4.0 00:35 UT
Banda Sea M 4.4 00:43 UT
8830 0105 0111 0115 C3.1 (November 28, 2025) 2.2E-03
Southern California M 3.8 01:36 UT
8800 0159 0211 0228 C3.3 (November 28, 2025) 5.2E-03
8840 0316 0324 0345 C3.8 (November 28, 2025) 5.7E-03
Tonga M 5.6 03:30 UT
8810 0345 0358 0408 C3.4 (November 28, 2025) 5.1E-03
8850 0408 0420 0433 C4.9 (November 28, 2025) 6.9E-03
8820 0543 0554 0600 C5.1 (November 28, 2025) 4.4E-03
8860 0717 0720 0725 C2.7 (November 28, 2025) 1.3E-03
8870 0737 0745 0755 C4.6 (November 28, 2025) 4.1E-03
9050 1157 1203 1221 C5.0 (November 28, 2025) 6.3E-03
Dominican Republic M 3.6 11:59 UT
Central California M 3.0 12:25 UT
9140 1615 1624 1642 C4.2 (November 28, 2025) 7.0E-03
9090 1642 1646 1650 C5.0 (November 28, 2025) 2.8E-03
9130 1821 1828 1831 C5.3 (November 28, 2025) 3.1E-03
Taiwan M 4.0 18:38 UT
9170 1848 1856 1904 C5.3 (November 28, 2025) 4.6E-03
9230 2211 2222 2224 M5.9 (November 28, 2025) 1.5E-02
SW of Kyushu, Japan. M 4.8 22:40 UT
Southern Mid-Atlantic M 5.2 22:46 UT
Qinghai, China M 4.6 22:53 UT
9270 2352 0002 0007 M1.6 (November 28, 2025) 9.2E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active November 29 disturbed November 30 quiet December 1. Solar M-flare chance: 40% X-class: 5% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 22 48 16 11:00 6 87 138
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 26, 2025 at 19:10:36 UT (#251126A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 28, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A strong geomagnetic storm occurred today (November 27, 2025) at high latitudes.
This storm commenced mid-UT day and peaked at about 17:00 UT with K-index 7 and as a 25% increase in geomagnetic field strength on the GOES 18 and GOES 19 Magnetometers.
This is the strongst geomagnetic storm at high latitudes since November 12-13
when K-index also reached 7-8. Sudden commencement of such storms can help
trigger simultaneous seismic activity at high latitudes as noted in
previous issues of this summary for example:
"The geomagnetic field was at minor storm disturbance today. At high latitudes the K-index
reached 7 around 11:00 and was near 6 from about 0800-2000 UT. This could promote
seismicity at high latitudes today and tomorrow, but these triggered events
are still likely to remain moderate and to occur in Alaska and perhaps the
South Atlantic area. This geomagnetic storm along with two new Tropical
Cyclones may help to end the ongoing seismic quiet which has been discussed in this
summary" (November 26, 2025)
A strong earthquake of M 6.0 shook the areas near Anchorage, and Elmendorf AFB, Alaska today.
More than 7000 responses from citizens in the area to NEIC revealed it was felt
with intensity V in Alaska at Anchorage, Talkeetna, Willow, Palmer, IV in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Chugia, Clam Gulch, Skwentana, Eagle River, Wasilla, Girdwood, Kenai, Elmendorf AFB, Fort Richarson, Indian, Cooper Landing, Kasilof, with intensity III as far as about 400 km from the epicenter.
No tsunami was expected nor observed with this earthquake. This earthquake
occurred at the peak of a high latitude geomagnetic storm with k-index of 7
and was probably promoted by that storm (see above). It is also near 100 degrees
from the earlier M 6.6 in Sumatra and the accompanying eye of Tropical Cyclone
Senyar today and at the eighth node (45 degrees) from northern Honshu, Japan today may have been promoted by energy
from those sources. This area has seen
a series of minor foreshocks in the past several days, but the last earthquake
within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=6 occurred on November 30, 2018 with M 7.0.
At the time this summary noted:
"A major earthquake of M 7.0 occurred near Anchorage, Alaska today. No deaths or tsunami were reported with the quake but much damage to infrastructure occurred. The area
has seen a continuing series of moderate to strong earthquakes over the past several months
and, as a high latitude quake, was part of the activation of high latitude
seismicity seen over the past two week. The year 2018 has been very active for Alaska.
A great earthquake of M 7.9 hit the Gulf of Alaska on January 23, 2018. This was
followed by an M 6.4 and series in northern Alaska beginning on August 12, 2018 and an M 6.6 on August 15, 2018 in the Andreanof Islands.
The last regional earthquake with M>=7 within about 300 km of today's epicenter
was an M 7.1 on January 24, 2016 about 300 km to the southwest at intermediate focus which prevented damage on January 24, 2016.
This summary at the time noted activity in Nebraska and other unusual seismicity
as precursory to this event. Interested readers are urged to revisit that and
other summaries for more information.
The current activation of seismicity at high latitudes began in mid-November as noted
in this summary and continued through late November. The initial activation
was noted as:
"A new geomagnetic storm may begin today and will help to shape the aftershocks
in Alaska.
NEIC reported the mainshock of M 7.0 was felt with damage with intensity VIII in Eagle River, VII in Willow, Trapper Creek, Chugiak, Anchorage, Talkeetna, Sterling, Palmer, Denali National Park, Elmendorf AFB, Anchorage, Light intensity shaking with intensity II-III was reported as far as 1000 km from the epicenter with intensity IV-V as far as 500 km from the epicenter including at Fairbanks and Kodiak. Many aftershocks were reported felt with intensity as high as VI, especially in the Anchorage, Chugiak, Elmendorf AFB, Fort Richardson, and Wasilla areas of Southern Alaska.
Initial reports indicate no one was killed in this earthquake. Roads and other
infrastructure was not as lucky however, Pictures on the internet show buckled
highways in the region. Highways into and out of Anchorage were closed and gas lines
were ruptured. Power was out to many. There was damage to roads and bridges but
no major structural collapses of buildings were reported. Portionis of the Glenn Highway
disappeared. Seiche was observed. Becase of wintry conditions, most of the repair
work will have to wait till Spring." (November 30, 2018)
An earthquake of M 6.1 also occurred about 200 km northeast of today's epicenter
on May 31, 2021 which was described in this summary at the time as:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.1 in the region of central Alaska. NEIC reported it was felt with maximum intensity V in Alaska at Glennallen, Eagle River, and Talkeetna and IV in Maranuska-Sustina border, Palmer, Cantwell, Chugiak, Wasilla, Willow, and Fort Richardson.
An M 3.2 regional foreshock occurred about an hour earlier and was reported felt with intensity IV in Anchorage and II-III in Valdez, Seward, Fairbanks and Port Wainwright.
An earlier foreshock of M 3.4 was also felt with intensity II in Talkeetna and Chugiak, Alaska.
No major damage was reported from these earthquakes. The last earthquake in
Central Alaska within about 200 km of today's epicenter with M>=6.1 occurred on November 30, 2018
near Anchorage, Alaska with M 7.0 about 150 km southwest of today's epicenter.
The largest earthquake in the area in the past 30 years was an M 7.9 in the
Denali National Park on November 3, 2002 about 150 km northeast of today's epicenter.
Other earthquakes of M>=6.1 in the past 30 years occurred on September 25, 2014 (M 6.2);
October 23, 2002 (M 6.7) and May 1, 1991 (M 6.3). Forecast 134213 had expected today's event within about 100 km was likely
around May 27.
...
Today's event is located at 101-102 degrees from the M 6.6 in Sumatra of May 14, 2021"(May 31, 2021)
The last earthquake (and possible regional foreshock) near 200 km of today's
epicenter was an M 5.4 on October 30, 2025. At the time this summary noted
in this regard:
"The strongest earthquake felt in the world today was an M 5.4 in the Kenai, Alaska area. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity V in Alaska at Cooper Landing; IV in Homer, Anchor Point, Seward, Clam Gulch, Kenai, Soldotna, Moose Pass and III in Sterling and Girdwood.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Alaska at Diamond Ridge, Seward, Honer, MacDonald Spit, Seldovia, Bear Creek, Ninichik, Anchor Point, Funny River, Soldotna, Kenai, Nikiski, Girdwood, Anchorage, Eagle River.
No damage or casualties or tsunami was reported with this earthquake. The
last earthquake of M>=5.4 in the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska within abouot 200 km
of today's epicenter was an M 5.4 on March 19, 2023 with the last of larger magnitude
and M 5.8 more than six years ago on May 27, 2019.
...
The last earthquake of larger magnitude within about 200 km of today's event
occurred about 50 km south of today's epicenter on January 24, 2016 with M 7.1 and
prior to that an M 6.2 on July 29, 2015. Both of these events were associated
with strong solar outbursts. Today's earthquake occurred within minutes of
local solar noon (like the M 7.2 in Northern California yesterday) and
was likely promoted by strong tidal and geomagnetic stresses which maximize
near this hour." (December 21, 2021, March 19, 2023)
Today's event appears to have been triggered by a strong geomagnetic storm
at high latitudes. High latitude k-index reached 7 at the time of the earthquake
in Alaska. This is the greatest geomagnetic disturbance at high latitudes
since October 1, 2025 (nearly a month ago) when K also reached 7.
This epicenter was probably also promoted by energy associated with Hurricane
Melissa. It is located at 60.0 degrees from the position of the eye of
Melissa at the time of the earthquake. This is similar to the circumstances
associated with the M 5.4 in Central Iceland reported in the previous issue
of this summary:
"This epicenter in Iceland is at 60.0 degrees (node 6) from the landfall position
of Hurricane Melissa of October 29 and occurred as that landfall was occurring.
It was probably promoted by that exchange of energy." (October 30, 2025)
O: 27NOV2025 17:11:26 61.6N 150.8W MD=6.0 NEIC SOUTHERN ALASKA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.4 in Southern Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Denali National Park and Talkeetna.
O: 28NOV2025 05:26:07 62.4N 150.3W ML=3.4 EMSC CENTRAL ALASKA
The earthquakes in Alaska were accompanied by a strong enhancement of seismicity
in the area of California today. The most likely to have been associated
from the M 6.0 in Alaska was an M 3.9 in the Geysers area of northern California.
This earthquake was reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity V in northern
California at Kelseyville and Healdsburg. It occurred just seconds after the
earthquake of M 6.0 in Alaska and could not have been triggered by seismic
waves from that event as they would not have arrived at this epicenter for
minutes after this earthquake but could have been triggered by the same geomagnetic
storm (see above) that was closely associated th earthquake in Alaska.
The series of events in the Geysers, California began earlier in the day
when the geomagnetic storm began around 12:21 UT with events of M 3.5 and M 3.5.
These earlier events were reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity IV
in California at Lower Lake, Middletown; III in Pleasant Grove and II in Calistoga, Healdsburg, Hidden Valley Lake and in Glenbrook, Nevada.
These epicenters area near 103 degrees from the Central Philippines and at the seventh node (52 degrees)
from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 27NOV2025 17:11:43 38.8N 122.8W Mw=3.6 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 17:11:43 38.8N 122.8W Mw=3.9 NEIC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 12:21:06 38.8N 122.7W MW=3.5 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 12:21:45 38.8N 122.7W Mw=3.5 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 12:21:45 38.8N 122.7W Mw=3.6 NEIC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 12:29:21 38.8N 122.7W MD=2.3 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
An earthquake in Vancouver Island, Canada has also been catalogued by EMSC
as occurring 4 minutes and 21 seconds after the M 6.0 in Alaska. It takes
4 minutes and 21 seconds for the p-wave to in Alaska to arrive at this epicenter in
Vancouver, Canada. It may have triggered this subsequent quake but it is more
likely that the event in Vancouver is a mis-reading of p-waves from Alaska.
O: 27NOV2025 17:15:47 48.4N 124.1W ML=3.4 EMSC VANCOUVER ISLAND, CANADA REGIO
NEIC reported a series of earthquakes also occurred east of Los Angeles, California today including an M 3.8 and 3.6. NEIC reported these were felt with intensity IV in Sun City; III in Idyllwild, Rancho Mirage, Mountain Center, Banning, Thousand Palms, El Cajon, Hemet, among others.
These epicenters are at the sixth node (60 degrees) from Kamchatka and 103 degrees
from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 28NOV2025 01:36:44 33.7N 116.8W MW=3.8 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 28NOV2025 01:37:06 33.7N 116.8W ML=3.5 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 28NOV2025 01:38:27 33.7N 116.8W ML=2.1 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 28NOV2025 06:14:00 33.7N 116.8W ML=2.3 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported earthquakes of M 4.0 and M 3.9 were also felt widely in the area of Central California with reports of felt intensity up to IV from more than 1300 respondents including those in San Juan Bautista, Santa Cruz, Salinas, Moss Landing, Aromas, Hollister and III in Gilroy, San Mateo, Castroville and San Francisco.
These earthquakes in Central and northern California are near 103 degrees from the Central Philippines and at the
fifth node from Honshu, Japan and the Drake Passage and may have been
promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 27NOV2025 20:57:36 36.8N 121.5W MW=4.0 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 20:10:56 36.8N 121.5W MD=2.7 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 20:48:48 36.8N 121.5W Mw=3.8 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 20:48:48 36.8N 121.5W Mw=3.9 NEIC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.5 in San Francisco, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of San Francisco, California with II in San Francisco and San Mateo.
This earthquake occurred near local solar noon at the start of a strong
geomagnetic storm and may have been promoted by geomagnetic stresses.
O: 27NOV2025 19:33:56 37.6N 122.5W MD=2.5 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in Oaxaca, Mexico was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Oaxaca, Mexico in Huayapam, Oaxaca.
O: 27NOV2025 08:54:24 17.4N 95.2W MB=4.2 EMSC OAXACA, MEXICO
O: 28NOV2025 02:24:20 17.0N 94.7W ML=4.0 EMSC OAXACA, MEXICO
O: 27NOV2025 18:12:07 17.1N 94.8W ML=4.1 EMSC OAXACA, MEXICO
EMSC reported earthquakes of M 4.4 and M 4.6 in Central Iran were felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Central Iran at Kerman.
These epicenters are near the fifth node (72 degrees) from Kamchatka, Honshu, and the
central Philippines and may have been promoted by constructive interference
of energy from those sources.
O: 27NOV2025 21:45:01 32.3N 56.3E MB=4.6 EMSC CENTRAL IRAN
O: 27NOV2025 21:41:54 32.2N 56.4E mb=4.4 EMSC CENTRAL IRAN
EMSC reported an aftershock of M 4.0 in Bangladesh was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Bangladesh at Tungi, Narsingdi, Paltan, Palash Upazila, Paltan, Azimpur, Sayani, Gafargaon, among others.
This epicenter is at the sixth node from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 27NOV2025 10:15:18 24.0N 90.4E MB=4.0 EMSC BANGLADESH
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE KOTO
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC KOTO 2025-11-28 00:00 UT 13.1N 112.0E 55 kts West of Central Philippines
Tropical Cyclone Koto (05B) continued today in the region west of central Philippines winds up to 55 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of the central Philippines. The antipode is at 13S 67W - is in the area of north-western Brazil. Some enhanced seismicity in central Peru is possible near 13S 71-75W as this cyclone tracks to the west over the next several days.
TROPICAL CYCLONE 34W
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC 34W 2025-11-28 00:00 UT 4.6N 103.0E 40 kts Malaysia
Tropical Cyclone 34W formed today in the region of Malaysia with winds up to 40 kts where it made landfall today. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of Sumatra Indonesia. It made landfall in northern Sumatra today and to dissipate quickly and reformed as TC 34W after it was accompanied by an M 6.4 earthquake as landfall was being made. The antipode is at 4S 98W - is in the area west of Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE DITWAH (05B)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC DITWAH 2025-11-28 00:00 UT 8.0N 81.1E 45 kts Sri Lanka
Tropical Cyclone Ditwah (05B) continued today in the region of Sri Lanka south of India with winds up to 45 kts where it made landfall today. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this area or to the north. The antipode is at 9S 99W - is in the area west of south of the Galapagos and west of Peru but is not seismic.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 27, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
8660 0035 0047 0058 C2.7 (November 27, 2025) 2.7E-03
8680 0136 0143 0148 C1.1 (November 27, 2025) 7.8E-04
Sumatra M 3.6 01:57 UT
8730 0422 0430 0438 C1.0 (November 27, 2025) 1.2E-03
8740 0438 0444 0447 C1.0 (November 27, 2025) 6.6E-04
Sumatra M 6.6 04:56 UT
Mindanao M 4.5 04:41 UT
Caribbean Sea M 3.9 04:44 UT
8760 1307 1321 1339 C1.8 (November 27, 2025) 3.2E-03
8770 1612 1622 1639 C1.3 (November 27, 2025) 2.0E-03
Southern Alaska M 6.0 17:11 UT
8780 2140 2150 2205 C3.0 (November 27, 2025) 3.6E-03
Central Iran M 4.4 21:41 UT M 4.6 21:45 UT
Northern Alaska M 3.9 21:46 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active November 28-29 disturbed 29-30. Solar M-flare chance: 35% X-class: 5% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 27 62 23 14:00 7 76 120
A strong geomagnetic storm occurred today (November 27, 2025) at high latitudes.
This storm commenced mid-UT day and peaked at about 17:00 UT with K-index 7.
Tis is the strongst geomagnetic strom at high latitudes since November 12-13
when K-index also reached 7-8. Sudden commencement of such storms can help
trigger simultaneous seismic activity at high latitudes as noted in
previous issues of this summary for example:
"The geomagnetic field was at minor storm disturbance today. At high latitudes the K-index
reached 7 around 11:00 and was near 6 from about 0800-2000 UT. This could promote
seismicity at high latitudes today and tomorrow, but these triggered events
are still likely to remain moderate and to occur in Alaska and perhaps the
South Atlantic area. This geomagnetic storm along with two new Tropical
Cyclones may help to end the ongoing seismic quiet which has been discussed in this
summary" (November 26, 2025)
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 26, 2025 at 19:10:36 UT (#251126A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 27, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The seismic quiet period of strong earthquakes which began early on November 10, 2025
with an M 6.0 in northern Honshu, Japan ended today when an M 6.4-6.6 earthquake
occurred in northern Sumatra. This seismic quiet has been discussed in previous
issues of this summary and is the fifth longest period without an M>=5.9
in the past 35 years. This had been discussed in the previous
issue of this summary as:
"The quiet period with no earthquakes in the world of M>5.8 has now prevailed for the past 15 days - since an M 6.0
on November 10 in northern Honshu, Japan. Several periods have occurred in
the past 5 years when there were no earthquakes of M>5.8 but these were
terminated after 9 days at the most, so a 16+ day quiet as is current is
extraordinary and may require further investigation. The current seismic
quiet has persisted during several geomagnetic storms and X-class flares
and has been quite robust. The last quiet period at M>5.8 occurred following an M 6.2 in
the Kermadec Islands on May 18, 2018 and lasted 24+ days and is the longest
since modern catalogs began around 1990. It was terminated by an
M 5.9 on June 12, 2018 in Sumatra. The only other such quiet periods
in the past 10 years occurred September 26-October 15, 2016 (19 days) (terminating with
an M 6.4 in New Britain (and an M 7.8 a month later - November 13, 2016 in Christchurch, New Zealand); December 15, 2017 through January 2, 2018 (18 days) terminating with an M 5.9 in Tonga and an M 7.9 in the Alaska Peninsula on January 23, 2018; and August 15, 2015 through September 1, 2015 (17 days) terminating with an M 6.0 in the Izu Islands, Japan and an M 8.3 in Coquimbo, Chile on September 16, 2015. " (November 25-26, 2025)
...
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
"TC SENYAR 2025-11-26 00:00 UT 3.9N 98.2E 45 kts Sumatra, Indonesia.
Tropical Cyclone Senyar (04B) formed today in the region of Sumatra with winds up to 45 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of Sumatra Indonesia. It is expected to make landfall in northern Sumatra today and to dissipate quickly. The antipode is at 4S 82W - is in the area west of Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time." (November 25-26, 2025)
The current geomagnetic storm continued today following a moderate storm that
began on November 25, 2025. Planetary A reached we with high latitude A at 43 and
periods of K-index reaching 6 mid-day. This could help trigger seismicity
at the storm onset near 06:00 UT on both November 26 and November 27. The
current seismic quiet appears to have come to an end with this series of
geomagnetic storms. The magnetometers on GOES-18 and GOES-17 satellites showed a
strong decrease in the geomagnetic field strength from about 90 to 50 nT beginning
about 04:40 UT on November 27 - a signal that another geomagnetic storm had
commenced.
The earthquake of M 6.4-6.6 in northern Sumatra today was reported by NEIC
to have been felt with intensity III in Sumatra at Medan and in Singapor and Malaysia at Tanjong Tokong, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia.
Tt was also reported from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Phangnga, Thailand. BMG the local network reported
intensity VIII in Simeuleu Tengah; VII in Simeulue at Salang, Teupah, Teluk Dala; IV in Kab. Aceh Selatan, Barat, Singkil, Barat Daya, Jaya, Nagna Raya, Nias with III in Kab. Selatan, Tenggara, Timur, Tengah, Barat, Besar, Pidie, Aceh, Singkil, Bireuen, among others. No tsunami
was expected nor observed with this earthquake. This earthquake is the strongest
within about 200 km of this epicenter since events of M 6.4 on July 25, 2012; and M 6.7 on September 5, 2011 and an M 7.2 on May 9, 2010. At the time
this summary noted:
"An earthquake of M 7.4 hit the region of northern Sumatra at almost exactly
local solar noon today. A tsunami was generated and fishermen sailing off the north Malabar
and Konkan coasts experienced unusually big tidal waves. The estuarine
areas experienced a sudden loss of water and unusually low tides. These
area clear signs of a tsunami according to Today News of India. Many
residents ran to the hills for fear of a tsunami but it was small and
the tsunami warning was quickly cancelled. The generated tsunami was
measured at 7.9 inches (20 cm) at Meulaboh. People were evacualted from
the Alappuzha beach, Eravipuram, and Thanni in Kollam district and Poonthura
in Thiruvananthapuram district. Some fishermen families in Kollam nad Thiruvananthapuram
coast were moved to relief campas as waves hit their huts according to "The Hindu". The quake caused road jams as people
attempted to flee coastal villages near Lambaro Junction in Aceh Besar. The earthquake
was felt as strongly as the 2004 event in Meulaboh, West Aceh and triggered
panic in that region according to the Jakarta Post. The quake was also felt
strongly in Medan where patients were evacuated from hospitals and was
felt as far away as Singapore. There were no reports of serious damage
but power outages did occur and some houses were damaged on Simeulue Island.
The earthquake was also felt lightly throughout much of Malaysia especially
at George Town. This event is the culmination of the spate of activity in Indonesia and
around the world at or near 10 degrees south of the geomagnetic equator.
Because the event occurred near exact noon, the effects of solar and geomagnetic
disturbances were maximized as shown on the Australian HF map.
The solar flare activity over the past day has been at the highest in
three months and as reported in our earlier missive may have contributed
to this earthquake at this time. In addition, this is the fifth day since
the large geomagnetic storm of May 2-4. We have previously pointed out that
this is the most likely time for large events to be triggered from such storms.
On May 3 and again on May 4 we emphasized this pattern in this report
when we said:
"Strong geomagnetic storms of this sudden onset often
are associated with subsequent increases in global seismicity. This seismicity
is concentrated at regions about 10 degrees from the geomagnetic equator as
in Peru and Venezuela or near the auroral zones at high latitudes such as
the events in Kamchatka and the Andreanof Islands. Strong earthquakes
often occur about 4-5 days after the storm onset .... Maximum magnitudes over the next
five days are expected to be up to 1.5 units higher than previously estimated
for the largest events occurring in this time period." (May 3-9, 2010)
As noted above today's earthquake was probably triggered by stresses from
the Landfall of Tropical Cyclone Senyar which occurred during the earthquake
and in the vicinity of its epicenter in northern Sumatra.
Today's M 6.6 epicenter is located at the third node (120 degrees) from the
Drake Passage and at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the South Geomagnetic
Pole and Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
It is the strongest earthquake in the world since an M 6.9 off northeastern
Honshu, Japan occurred on November 9, 2025. BMG reported it occurred within
several minutes of local solar noon and it may have been promoted by tidal
and/or geomagnetic effects which maximize near this hour. The new moon of
November 20 had maximum tidal stress near this longitude as reported in earlier
issues of this summary and may have helped to trigger this earthquake.
"The New Moon will arrive on November 20, 2025 at 06:47 UT. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are near 100 West while those at local solar noon are near 80 East. These include, in the west areas of Central U.S. including western Texas, and central and western Mexico and portions of the East Pacific Rise and in the east in China, Pakistan and India in central Asia, Sumatra including the Nicobar and Andaman and Myanmar areas and in the South Indian Ocean. These are the regions most likely to see tidal triggering at this time and during the next week. Other areas can also be promoted by tidal stresses. These are most likely to occur near local solar noon and midnight." (November 18-24, 2025)
These epicenters are at the third node (120 degrees) from the Drake Passage;
near the sixth node (60 degrees) from northern Honshu, Japan and at the fifth
node (72 degrees) from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy
from those sources.
O: 27NOV2025 05:10:16 2.6N 95.9E ML=4.4 EMSC SIMEULUE, INDONESIA
O: 27NOV2025 06:37:39 2.6N 96.1E ML=4.0 EMSC SIMEULUE, INDONESIA
O: 27NOV2025 04:56:27 2.8N 96.1E MW=6.4 EMSC SIMEULUE, INDONESIA
O: 27NOV2025 04:56:27 2.8N 96.1E MW=6.6 NEIC SIMEULUE, INDONESIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in northern Luzon, Philippines was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of northern Luzon, Philippines with III in Ilocos at Laoag, Bangui.
O: 27NOV2025 03:10:47 18.4N 120.9E MW=4.9 EMSC LUZON, PHILIPPINES
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.3 in Western Texas was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Western Texas in Big Spring with IV.
O: 27NOV2025 00:14:10 32.3N 101.8W ML=3.2 EMSC WESTERN TEXAS
O: 27NOV2025 00:14:10 32.3N 101.8W ML=3.3 NEIC WESTERN TEXAS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.7 in Crete, Greece was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Crete, Greece with IV in Perama, Rethimni and Nea Alikarnassos, Iraklion and III in Iraklion, Greece.
O: 27NOV2025 00:08:52 35.5N 24.8E ML=4.9 EMSC CRETE, GREECE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in Hokkaido, Japan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Hokkaido, Japan in Nakashibetsu.
O: 26NOV2025 16:43:57 42.5N 144.3E MB=4.9 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in southern Hawaii Island was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of southern Hawaii Island at Hakalau, Hilo, Laupahoehoe, Mountain View, Pepeekeo, Kurtistown, Papaikou, Pahoa, Keaau, Volcano, Honokaa and III in Pahala, Waikoloa, Ninole, Hawaii National Park, among other communities in Hawaii.
This is the largest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today and the strongest
in Hawaii within about 150 km of this epicenter since an M 4.8 on November 5, 2024.
At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 4.8 in Hawaii. NEIC reported it was widely felt in the island of Hawaii with intensity V at Hawaii National Park, Kailua Kona, Kurtistown, Pahala, Volcano; IV in Captain Cook, Hauula, Hawi, Hilo, Holualoa, Naalehu, Paauilo, Pahoa, III in Hakalau, Honaunau, Honokaa, Honomu, Waikoloa, Kamuela, Keaan, Kalakekua, Kihei, Laupahoehoe, Mountain View, Ninole, Ookala, Papaaloa, Papaikou, Pepeekeo, Kailua, Kapaau, Lahaina, and Honolulu.
This events was felt with strong intensity throughout the island of Hawaii with particular note waking many at Pahala, Naalehu, Hawaiian Ocean View, Captain Cook, Volcano, Mountain View, Kailua, Hilo, Pepeekeo, Waikoloa, as a thunderous shake in Kamuela, Honokaa. It follows a period of three days of torrential rains in Hawaii. This event occurred near local solar midnight in Hawaii with the start of the U.S.
Election Day. The rainfall was associated with the dissipation of Tropical Storm Lane
as described in previous issues of this summary:
"TS Lane continued today in the area Southeast of Hawaii with winds up to 35 kts and is likely to track to the north and west for the next several days, It is tracking to the northwest. Enhanced seismicity in the region of Hawaii as this storm is in the region. Enhanced seismicity in Hawaii is expected around November 2-5." (November 2-4, 2024)
This event in Hawaii is the strongest in Hawaii since an M 5.7 on February 9, 2024 and an M 5.1 on December 5, 2023.
At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or the world today was an M 5.7 in the
Mauna Loa region of Hawaii (initially given as M 6.3). NEIC reported
it was felt as far as Honolulu and throughout the island of Hawaii with intensity
up to VII. Foreshocks of M 2.9 and 3.0 were also reported felt in Pahala, Hawaii
with intensity up to IV. EMSC reported strong to violent shaking in Hawaii at
Naalehu, Mountain View (with oud earthquake nose) Kealakekua, Fern Acres, Keaau, Pahoa, Hilo, Kailua Kona, Pepeekeo, Honokaa, Wailea, Wailuku, Maui, Lahaina, Honolulu, Kailua, Kaneohe, Jbphh, r.Minor damage which included items being thrown from shelves
and minor damage to structures was reported which included cracked walls. This is the strongest
earthquake in Hawaii since an M 6.2 on October 10, 2021 and an M 6.9 on
May 4, 2018 - the largest in Hawaii in the past 35 years. the only other event in
Hawaii with M>=6.2 in this time period was an M 6.7 on October 15, 2006. At the time of the October, 2021 event this summary noted:
A strong earthquake of M 6.2 shook most of the state of Hawaii, U.S. today. It was reported with maximum intensity VI in Naalehu; V in Hawaii National Park, Captain Cook, Honaunau, Volcano, Mountain View, IV in Pahala, Holualoa, Pahoa, Kealakekua with lesser shaking as far to the west as Waimea.
There have been only two earthquakes in Hawaii with M>=6.2 in the past 30 years - both
north of today's epicenter in central and northern Hawaii Island - on May 4, 2018
with M 6.9 and as an M 6.7 on October 15, 2006. Today's earthquake occurred near the Loi'hi Seamount south of Hawaii and is not
directly associated with the current major eruption of Kilauea volcano to the north.
The shaking caused some doors to open and some items to be thrown from shelves
in businesses. No major damage or casualties were reported and a tsunami does not
appear to have been generated with this earthquake. The earthquake occurred within minutes of the maximum of a geomagnetic storm at local solar noon and
was probably promoted by high tidal stresses associated with the new moon and the geomagnetic storm, which stresses maximize near this hour, as
noted in this and previous issues of this summary" (February 9, 2024, November 5, 2024)
The M 4.6 in Hawaii today occurred within minutes of local solar midnight
and during a major eruption of Mount Kilauea and may have been promoted by
strong tidal and/or geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this hour.
This epicenter is at 104 degrees from Tropical Cyclone Senyar; and near the
sixth node from Northern Honshu, Japan (60 degrees) and may have been
promoted by energy from those sources. The earthquake of M 6.4-6.6 in Sumatra
today is at the same distance (node 6) from northern Honshu.
O: 26NOV2025 09:49:45 19.3N 155.1W MB=4.6 EMSC ISLAND OF HAWAII, HAWAII
NEIC also reported an earthquake of M 3.4-3.5 off the coast of northern Hawaii island was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of off the coast of northern Hawaii island with II in Honokaa, Kapaau, Kamuela and Hawi.
The last earthquake within about 100 km of this epicenter with M>=3.4 was
recorded as an M 3.6 on November 3, 2025 and as an M 4.2 on October 19, 2025.
At the time this summary noted:
"A moderate earthquake of M 4.2 was widely felt in northern island of Hawaii today. NEIC reported intensity III in Hawaii at Laupahoehoe, Kealakekua, Honokaa, Papaaloa, Paauilo, Waikoloa, Naalehu, Kamuela, Kailua Kona and Ookala, among others.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Kailua-Kona, Puako, Waimea, Pepeekeo.
This accompanied a major eruption of Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii but was not
associated with that eruption. It is the strongest earthquake in northern
island of tectonic origin since an M 4.5 on March 20, 2022. At the time this
summary noted in this regard:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 4.5-5.2 north of Hawaii.
It was also the strongest earthquake in the world today. It was widely felt throughout much of Hawaii. NEIC reported maximum intensity V at Honokaa, Paauilo with IV in Kapaau, Hawi, Kamuela, Ookala, Laupahoehoe, Papaaloa, Hakalau and IIII in Waikoloa and as far as 400 km from the epicenter in Princeville and Kapaa, Hawaii.
The earthquake in Hawaii follows a strong series of volcanic eruptions which accompanied
the solar flares of July 2-3, which included an X1.5 on July 3, the largest
observed in nearly four years." (July 5, 2021)
This epicenter is located at 109 degrees from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage
of October 10 and may have been promoted by energy from that source." (October 19, 2025)
O: 26NOV2025 14:24:16 20.5N 155.5W ML=3.5 EMSC HAWAII REGION, HAWAII
Moderate earthquakes also struck two areas of California today. These included
an M 4.0-4.1 and an aftershock of M 3.6-3.7 south of San Francisco and an M 4.1
in the northern Gulf of California.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in the area south of San Francisco, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of San Francisco, California with IV in Gilroy, San Juan Bautista and III in San Jose, San Francisco, Hollister, Morgan Hill, Aromas, Redwood City, San Mateo, Oakland, San Martin, Aptos, Los Altos, Fremont, Santa Clara, Los Gatos, Sausalito, Hayward, Walnut Creek, Daly City Saratoga, Stanford, Watsonville and San Francisco and Mariposa among other communities in central California.
This is the strongest earthquake within about 50 km of this epicenter since an M 4.2 on September
29, 2024. At the time this summary noted:
"A moderate earthquake of M 4.2 shook the region south of San Francisco, California today. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Salinas and King City and III in Carmel, Carmel Valley, Kerman and Fresno, California.
This follows a pair of moderate earthquakes off the coast of northern California
yesterday of M 5.1 and 4.6 as noted in the previous update to this summary:
"The strongest earthquakes in the U.S. or Canada today occurred as events of M 5.1 and M 4.6 off the coast of northern California. NEIC reported they were felt in California with intensity II at Eureka, McKinleyville, Crescent City, and in Oregon in Brookings, Gold Beach, Medfore and Grants Pass." (September 28, 2024, September 29, 2024)
Tidal stresses may have helped promote this activity as today's event in Central California
The aftershock of M 3.6 was reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity IV in San Jose, Aptos, San Margin and III in Burlingame, San Jose, Hollister, Morgan Hill, Gilroy, Santa Clara and II in San Francisco, Los Gatos, Fremont, Sunnyvale, Mountain View, among others.
A foreshock of M 2.1 began this series near local solar midnight and may
have been promoted by the strong geomagnetic storm which commenced about
that time and/or by tidal stresses.
These epicenters are at 102-103 degrees from the major earthquakes in
the central Philippines and Tropical Cyclone Koto; at the fifth node (72 degrees) from northern Honshu, Japan
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 26NOV2025 14:16:41 37.0N 121.5W MW=4.0 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 26NOV2025 08:23:21 37.0N 121.8W MD=2.1 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 26NOV2025 14:18:35 37.0N 121.5W MD=2.7 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 26NOV2025 14:20:01 37.0N 121.5W ML=3.7 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 26NOV2025 18:49:32 38.1N 122.1W MD=2.1 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 26NOV2025 16:41:24 30.3N 114.1W ML=4.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Ryukyu Islands, Japan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Ryukyu Islands, Japan in Haebaru, Okinawa.
O: 26NOV2025 11:55:31 27.0N 125.4E MB=4.5 EMSC NORTHEAST OF TAIWAN
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.1 in Bali, Indonesia was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Bali, Indonesia in Denpasar.
This earthquake was simultaneous with the M 4.6 in Hawaii today.
This epicenter is at the fifth node from Kamchatka and may have been promoted
by energy from that source.
O: 26NOV2025 09:49:14 9.3S 114.6E ML=4.1 EMSC SOUTH OF BALI, INDONESIA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE KOTO
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC KOTO 2025-11-27 00:00 UT 13.1N 113.8E 85 kts West of Central Philippines
Tropical Cyclone Koto (05B) continued today in the region west of central Philippines winds up to 85 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of the central Philippines. The antipode is at 13S 67W - is in the area of north-western Brazil. Some enhanced seismicity in central Peru is possible near 13S 71-75W as this cyclone tracks to the west over the next several days.
TROPICAL CYCLONE 04B (SENYAR)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC SENYAR 2025-11-27 00:00 UT 3.6N 98.0E 35 kts Sumatra, Indonesia.
Tropical Cyclone Senyar (04B) continued today in the region of northern Sumatra with winds up to 35 kts where it made landfall today. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of Sumatra Indonesia. It made landfall in northern Sumatra today and to dissipate quickly and was accompanied by an M 6.4 earthquake as landfall was being made. The antipode is at 3S 82W - is in the area west of Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE 05B
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC 05B 2025-11-27 00:00 UT 7.0N 82.1E 45 kts Sri Lanka
Tropical Cyclone 05B formed today in the region of Sri Lanka south of India with winds up to 45 kts where it made landfall today. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this area or to the north. The antipode is at 7S 98W - is in the area west of south of the Galapagos and west of Peru but is not seismic.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 26, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
8500 0248 0300 0307 C2.2 (November 26, 2025) 1.6E-03
Tonga M 5.0 02:59 UT
Madagascar M 3.3 02:48 UT
British Columbia, Canada M 3.7 02:59 UT
8520 0514 0522 0529 C1.0 (November 26, 2025) 8.4E-04
Sumatra M 4.9 05:28 UT
8530 0547 0556 0605 C1.1 (November 26, 2025) 1.3E-03
8580 0605 0612 0617 C1.2 (November 26, 2025) 9.4E-04
Talaud M 4.2 06:07 UT
Nepal M 4.3 06:23 UT
8570 1014 1024 1031 C1.9 (November 26, 2025) 1.4E-03
Chiapas M 4.5 10:32 UT
8590 1329 1334 1351 C1.1 (November 26, 2025) 1.5E-03
Central California M 4.0 14:16 UT
8630 2129 2135 2142 C1.3 (November 26, 2025) 1.0E-03
Bay of Bengal M 4.0 21:30 UT
Meghalaya, India M 3.4 21:31 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 27 active November 28 disturbed November 29. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 23 43 15 12:00 6 85 120
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 26, 2025 at 19:10:36 UT (#251126A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 26, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The geomagnetic field was at minor storm disturbance today. At high latitudes the K-index
reached 7 around 11:00 and was near 6 from about 0800-2000 UT. This could promote
seismicity at high latitudes today and tomorrow, but these triggered events
are still likely to remain moderate and to occur in Alaska and perhaps the
South Atlantic area. This geomagnetic storm along with two new Tropical
Cyclones may help to end the ongoing seismic quiet which has been discussed in this
summary in the previous issue as:
"The quiet period with no earthquakes in the world of M>5.8 has now prevailed for the past 15 days - since an M 6.0
on November 10 in northern Honshu, Japan. Several periods have occurred in
the past 5 years when there were no earthquakes of M>5.8 but these were
terminated after 9 days at the most, so a 16+ day quiet as is current is
extraordinary and may require further investigation. The current seismic
quiet has persisted during several geomagnetic storms and X-class flares
and has been quite robust. The last quiet period at M>5.8 occurred following an M 6.2 in
the Kermadec Islands on May 18, 2018 and lasted 24+ days and is the longest
since modern catalogs began around 1990. It was terminated by an
M 5.9 on June 12, 2018 in Sumatra. The only other such quiet periods
in the past 10 years occurred September 26-October 15, 2016 (19 days) (terminating with
an M 6.4 in New Britain (and an M 7.8 a month later - November 13, 2016 in Christchurch, New Zealand); December 15, 2017 through January 2, 2018 (18 days) terminating with an M 5.9 in Tonga and an M 7.9 in the Alaska Peninsula on January 23, 2018; and August 15, 2015 through September 1, 2015 (17 days) terminating with an M 6.0 in the Izu Islands, Japan and an M 8.3 in Coquimbo, Chile on September 16, 2015. " (November 25-26, 2025)
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in Sumatra, Indonesia was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Sumatra. NEIC reported likely shaking was felt in the epicentral area.
This epicenter is near the eye of Tropical Cyclone Senyar as reported in this summary
and may have been triggered by energy from that storm.
Tropical Cyclone Senyar (04B) formed today in the region of Sumatra with winds up to 45 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of Sumatra Indonesia. It is expected to make landfall in northern Sumatra today and to dissipate quickly. The antipode is at 4S 82W - is in the area west of Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
This epicenter is at the third node from the Drake Passage; near the sixth node from
Honshu, Japan and at the fifth node (72 degrees) from Kamchatka and may have
been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 26NOV2025 05:28:37 2.4N 99.0E MB=4.9 EMSC NORTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 in Samoa was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Samoa with III in Tualaele, North West Upolu.
This epicenter is at the fourth node (90 degrees) from Tropical Cyclone Senyar
and at the fifth node from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 26NOV2025 02:59:11 15.1S 173.6W MB=5.0 EMSC TONGA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in The Fox Islands, Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of The Fox Islands, Alaska with IV in Nikolski and III in Unalaska.
This event occurred during a strong geomagnetic storm at high latitudes and
may have been promoted by energy from that storm as it lies beneath the
ionospheric ring currents in the area. The last earthquake in the area
within about 200 km of this epicenter in the Fox Islands with M>=4.9 occurred
on September 16, 2025 - an aftershock of an M 6.0 of September 3, 2025.
At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 6.0 in the Fox Islands, Aleutians, Alaska. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Nikolski, Alaska.
Foreshocks of M M 4.2 and M 5.0 occurred to the west of this event and were lightly felt in this epicentral area.
The mainshock occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted by
tidal and/or geeomagnetic effects which maximize near this hour.
This is the strongest earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter since
an M 6.0 on July 19, 2024. The last of larger magnitude in this area was an
M 6.6 on January 11, 2022. At the time this summary noted:
"Strong earthquakes of M 6.8 and M 6.4 shook the region of the Fox Islands, Aleutians, Alaska today. NEIC reported the M 6.8 was felt with intensity VI in Nikolski; IV in Dutch Harbor, Unalaska, Falso Pass and II-III in Akutan, Atka, Cold Bay, and Adak, Alaska. The M 6.4 aftershock was reported with intensity IV in Nikolski, Alaska and III in Unalaska.
An aftershock of M 5.8 was also reported felt with intensity IV in Nikolski and Dutch Harbor, Alaska.
The last earthquake within about 250 km of this epicenter in the Fox Islands
with M>=6.8 was an M 6.9 on July 27, 2015 about 150 km west of today's epicenter.
...
"An M 3.9 also occurred in the Fox Islands, Alaska today. The last earthquake
of larger magnitude in the Fox Islands was an M 4.4 on January 3, 2022. This
may be related to the moderate geomagnetic storm which was occurring at
the time of this earthquake." (January 11, 2022)
Like other earthquakes in recent days in the Aleutians of Alaska, and the
deadly earthquake in Afghanistan two days ago, this epicenter is located at
141 degrees from the Drake Passage M 7.5 of August 22 and may have been promoted
by energy from that source." (September 3, 2025)
This epicenter is at the fourth node from Tropical cyclone Senyar and at the
fifth node (72 degrees) from tropical Cyclone Koto and may have been promoted by
energy from those storms.
O: 25NOV2025 17:16:20 53.1N 168.1W MW=4.9 EMSC FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.4 in Mindanao, Philippines was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Mindanao, Philippines in southern Mindanao with IV in Buayan, III in Ula and Davao and II in Mawab, Katangawan and Bato.
This was the strongest earthquake in the world today. It is the strongest
in southern Mindanao, Philippines since an M 5.8 on October 20, 2025. These are aftershocks of the M 6.7 in
Mindanao of October 10, 2024. At the time this summary noted:
"An aftershock of M 6.7 also occurred today in Mindanao, Philippines. This follows the M 7.4 in that area which occurred earlier on UT October 10, 2025.
NEIC reported today's aftershock was felt with damage and intensity VI in Southern Mindanao at Baganga, Babag, Mabantao; V in Lasang, Buayan, Davao, Ula, and IV in San Jose, Hagonoy and Nabunturan.
EMSC reported moderate to strong shaking in Mindanao at Santo Nino, Limao, Babak, Davao, Ula, Bansalan, Maramag, Tandag, General Santos, San Martin, Cagayan de Oro, Balingasag, Cotabato, General Luna, San Francisco, Surigao, La Paz, Gabi, Calero, San Goque, Consolacion, Danao, Tabuelan, northern Cebu.
PHIVOLCS reported intensity VI in Manay, Davao Oriental; V in Baganga, Boston, Caraga, Cateel and Tarragona, Davao Oriental and IV in Mawab, Monkayo, Nabunturan and Pantukan, Davao de Oro; City of Davao, City of Mati, Davao Orienta; City of Bislig, Surigao. It was also reported with intensity II-III in Leyte, Davao del Sur, Cotabo, Sultan Kudarat, Dinagat Islands, Eastern Samar, Northern Samat, Cagayan de Oro, Cotabato.
This epicenter is at 144 degrees from Tropical Storm Jerry in the North Atlantic and
at 51.4 degrees (node 7) from the recent major seismicity in Kamchatka.
It is likely it was promoted by energy from those sources.
It also lies on the geomagnetic equator at the fifth node from the South
Geomagnetic Pole and may have been set up by energy associated with the recent major geomagnetic storm." (October 10, 2025)
O: 25NOV2025 10:45:19 6.4N 126.2E MW=5.4 EMSC MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES
An earthquake of M 5.4 also struck the region of Kyushu, Japan today. NEIC reported
it was felt with intensity up to VII in Japan at Aso, Kumamoto and V in Saiki, Oita with IV in Fukuika and III in Okayama, Nagasaki, Ehime and South Korea.
This is the largest earthquake in northern Kyushu, Japan since an M 6.3 on April 17, 2024.
At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today damaged areas of Shikoku and Kyushu, Japan. NEIC reported this earthquake of M 6.3 in Shikoku, Japan was felt with intensity up to IX in the area(s) of Shikoku, Japan in Uwajima.
EMSC reported to strong to damaging shaking in Shikoku at Beppu, Kumamoto, Hakata, Chuo, Kita, Minami, Japan." (April 17, 2024)
O: 25NOV2025 09:01:18 33.0N 131.0E MW=5.4 EMSC KYUSHU, JAPAN
Several unusual earthquakes today occurred at nodal distances from the M 6.9
in Honshu or November 9, 2025. These included events in the Auckland Islands
south of New Zealand (M 4.7); The Indian-Antarctic Ridge south of Australia (M 4.7), Crete at the fourth node (90 degrees);
and continuing volcanism in Ethiopia and Eritrea; an M 3.3 in Madagascar and an M 4.6 in Mexico at 103 degrees (Node 7); among
others. These events were likely promoted by nodal energy from Honshu.
O: 26NOV2025 07:07:21 51.1S 162.1E MB=4.7 EMSC AUCKLAND ISLANDS, N.Z. REGION
O: 25NOV2025 19:21:41 34.9N 23.3E MB=4.4 EMSC CRETE, GREECE
O: 25NOV2025 15:19:25 48.9S 123.7E MB=4.7 EMSC WESTERN INDIAN-ANTARCTIC RIDGE
O: 23NOV2025 08:55:02 14.7N 41.1E MB=4.7 EMSC NEAR THE COAST OF ERITREA
O: 26NOV2025 09:17:41 15.1N 93.0W ML=4.4 EMSC OFFSHORE CHIAPAS, MEXICO
O: 26NOV2025 02:47:53 12.3S 46.4E ML=3.3 EMSC NORTHWEST OF MADAGASCAR
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE KOTO
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC KOTO 2025-11-26 00:00 UT 11.8N 116.4E 70 kts West of Central Philippines
Tropical Cyclone Koto (05B) continued today in the region west of central Philippines winds up to 70 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of the central Philippines. The antipode is at 11S 64W - is in the area of eastern Brazil and is not expected to see enhanced seismicity at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE 04B (SENYAR)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC SENYAR 2025-11-26 00:00 UT 3.9N 98.2E 45 kts Sumatra, Indonesia.
Tropical Cyclone Senyar (04B) formed today in the region of Sumatra with winds up to 45 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of Sumatra Indonesia. It is expected to make landfall in northern Sumatra today and to dissipate quickly. The antipode is at 4S 82W - is in the area west of Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 25, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
8410 1416 1435 1458 C1.9 (November 25, 2025) 3.6E-03
Unimak Is. Alaska M 4.5 14:20 UT
8420 1545 1556 1606 C2.1 (November 25, 2025) 2.3E-03
Loyalty Is. M 4.9 15:52 UT
8430 1623 1628 1632 C1.6 (November 25, 2025) 9.7E-04
Haida Gwaii M 2.6 16:38 UT
8460 2103 2112 2117 C1.1 (November 25, 2025) 8.0E-04
Baja California M 3.4 21:18 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 26-27 active November 28. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 32 61 17 11:00 7 99 116
The geomagnetic field was at minor storm disturbance today. At high latitudes the K-index
reached 7 around 11:00 and was near 6 from about 0800-2000 UT. This could promote
seismicity at high latitudes today and tomorrow, but these triggered events
are still likely to remain moderate and to occur in Alaska and perhaps the
South Atlantic area.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 25, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A moderate geomagnetic storm occurred today at high latitudes and reached Kp
of 6 from about 13:00-22:00 UT. This is likely to promote moderate immediate
increases in high latitude seismicity in the next day but is also likely to
extend the current global seismic quiet period for several more days as geomagnetic
fields are disturbed by the storn. The quiet period with no earthquakes in
the world of M>5.8 has now prevailed for the past 15 days - since an M 6.0
on November 10 in northern Honshu, Japan. Several periods have occurred in
the past 5 years when there were no earthquakes of M>5.8 but these were
terminated after 9 days at the most, so a 16+ day quiet as is current is
extraordinary and may require further investigation. The current seismic
quiet has persisted during several geomagnetic storms and X-class flares
and has been quiet robust. The last quiet period at M>5.8 occurred following an M 6.2 in
the Kermadec Islands on May 18, 2018 and lasted 24+ days and is the longest
since modern catalogs began around 1990. It was terminadted by an
M 5.9 on June 12, 2018 in Sumatra. The only other such quiet periods
in the past 10 years occurred September 26-October October 15, 2016 (19 days) (terminating with
an M 6.4 in New Britain; December 15, 2017 through January 2, 2018 (18 days) terminating with an M 5.9 in Tonga; and August 15, 2015 through September 1, 2015 (17 days) terminating with an M 6.0 in the Izu Islands, Japan.
The following table provides data on the 25 longest of these quiet periods
starting in 1990.
days quiet Begin time MO DA HR MN SC YEAR LAT (-S/+N) LON (-W+E) DEP MAG P End Time MO DA HR MN SC YEAR LAT(N+S-)LON(E+W-)DEPTH MAG PH
24.890938 736708.073275 5 18 1 45 31 2018 -34.551 -178.416 10.6 6.2 10 736732.964213 6 12 23 8 28 2018 -2.020 98.588 9.0 5.9 10
19.113657 736108.222199 09 26 05 19 58 2016 27.471 128.560 40.3 6.0 10 736127.335856 10 15 08 03 38 2016 -4.262 150.406 446.6 6.4 10
17.923171 736553.699954 12 15 16 47 56 2017 -7.734 108.023 91.9 6.5 10 736571.623125 1 2 14 57 18 2018 -24.822 178.461 576.6 5.9 10
17.318090 735701.324375 08 15 07 47 06 2015 -10.905 163.877 6.4 6.6 10 735718.642465 09 01 15 25 09 2015 31.173 141.600 7.3 6.0 10
15.944664 735481.213287 01 07 05 07 08 2015 5.828 -82.652 10.0 6.6 10 735497.157951 01 23 03 47 27 2015 -17.000 168.531 218.5 6.8 10
15.806481 728134.344838 11 21 08 16 34 1994 25.540 96.657 14.0 5.9 10 728150.151319 12 07 03 37 54 1994 -23.422 -66.639 235.0 6.0 10
15.761805 726915.492211 07 20 11 48 47 1991 54.565 -161.654 32.0 5.9 10 726931.254016 08 05 06 05 47 1991 -21.363 -174.396 30.0 6.0 10
15.572291 727464.730035 01 20 17 31 15 1993 -7.205 128.566 33.0 6.4 10 727480.302326 02 05 07 15 21 1993 12.573 141.882 27.0 5.9 10
15.411713 727883.150220 03 15 03 36 19 1994 11.110 -88.083 14.0 6.4 10 727898.561933 03 30 13 29 11 1994 9.003 126.254 40.0 5.9 10
14.581609 735566.173738 04 02 04 10 11 2015 -17.837 -178.663 560.5 6.0 10 735580.755347 04 16 18 07 42 2015 35.137 26.822 20.0 6.0 10
14.499988 728671.572049 05 11 13 43 45 1996 -6.605 155.038 33.0 6.3 10 728686.072037 05 26 01 43 44 1996 -22.191 171.475 108.0 6.2 10
14.221111 739144.678773 1 20 16 17 26 2025 23.234 120.475 10.0 6.0 10 739158.899884 2 3 21 35 50 2025 2.988 128.187 101.0 5.9 10
13.960567 735396.175347 10 14 04 12 30 2014 -34.917 179.970 31.5 6.1 10 735410.135914 10 28 03 15 43 2014 -15.193 -174.666 35.0 6.1 10
13.874444 729777.422836 05 22 10 08 53 1999 -20.731 169.881 33.0 6.1 10 729791.297280 06 06 07 08 05 1999 13.897 -90.768 33.0 6.3 10
13.568009 736638.906667 3 10 21 45 36 2018 -1.423 -15.200 10.0 5.9 10 736652.474676 3 24 11 23 32 2018 -5.483 151.482 35.8 6.3 10
13.453541 731121.747512 01 27 17 56 25 2003 -46.048 35.057 10.0 6.4 10 731135.201053 02 10 04 49 31 2003 -6.011 149.792 33.0 6.2 10
13.103681 737293.150023 12 25 3 36 2 2019 50.583 -129.999 10.0 6.3 10 737306.253704 1 7 6 5 20 2020 2.333 96.347 20.3 6.2 10
12.970278 735261.495694 05 31 11 53 48 2014 18.852 -107.445 10.0 6.2 10 735274.465972 06 14 11 11 00 2014 -10.057 91.056 7.1 6.4 10
12.793831 728326.672685 05 31 16 08 40 1995 18.956 -107.420 33.0 6.4 10 728339.466516 06 14 11 11 47 1995 12.128 -88.360 25.0 6.6 10
12.781505 737713.646389 2 18 15 30 48 2021 -14.833 -176.738 7.7 6.1 10 737726.427894 3 3 10 16 10 2021 39.764 22.176 10.0 6.3 10
12.776134 737915.074850 9 8 1 47 47 2021 16.982 -99.773 20.0 7.0 10 737927.850984 9 20 20 25 25 2021 46.406 152.411 25.0 6.0 10
12.673403 734280.793611 09 23 19 02 48 2011 -9.051 -109.440 10.0 5.9 10 734293.467014 10 06 11 12 30 2011 -24.178 -64.219 15.0 5.9 10
12.458380 726960.497407 09 03 11 56 16 1991 -17.921 -115.992 10.0 6.3 10 726972.955787 09 15 22 56 20 1991 -31.512 -69.936 110.0 5.9 10
12.258657 728158.472477 12 15 11 20 22 1994 -37.282 177.523 33.0 6.5 10 728170.731134 12 27 17 32 50 1994 -31.965 179.860 212.0 6.4 10
12.181632 726526.505891 06 26 12 08 29 1990 -22.015 -179.473 586.0 6.3 10 726538.687523 07 08 16 30 02 1990 -17.827 -178.903 559.0 5.9 10
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.9 in the Geysers area of northern California today. NEIC reported
it was felt with intensity IV in California at Middletown; III in San Rafael, Kelseyville, San Francisco, Clearlake, Angwin, Lower Lake, Cloverdate, Guerneville and Healdsburg.
This was the largest earthquake in this area since an M 4.1 was felt on August 14, 2025.
The last earthquake of significantly larger size in the area occurred
as an M 4.7 on January 2, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 4.7 in the Geysers
region of Northern California. Press reported the earthquake was felt as far
as San Francisco as a rolling motion. While some minor damage was reported
no significant damage was noted. More than 1500 people reported to the USGS
that they had felt this earthquake. Maximum intensity occurred as VI at Sacramento with V in California at Kelseyville, Middletown, III in San Francisco, Calistoga, Fairfield, Hercules, Saint Helena, Yountville, Oakland, San Rafael, San Anselmo, Sausalito, Santa Rosa, Clearlake, Cloverdale, Geyserville, Glenhaven, Healdsburg, Hopland, Lakeport, Lower Lake, Monte Rio, Nice, Hidden Valley Lake. It was felt lightly in areas as far as 250 km from the epicenter in Nevada, and Central California.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in northern California at Kelseyville, Middletown, Healdsburg, Petaluma, Fairfield, Vallejo, Pinole, and San Francisco.
This earthquake is near the fourth node (90 degrees) from the M 7.4 in Vanuatu
of December 17, 2024 and may be an FFA of that event. Also like many of the
larger eventss in the California Geysers area this was closely associated
with the supermoon of December 30, 2024 and with the strongest geomagnetic
storm in nearly three months, both of which probably helped promote today's
M 4.7 in northern California. The last earthquake in
the Geysers area of California within about 100 km of today's epicenter with
M>=4.7 occurred on December 14, 2016 with M 5.0. The largest earthquake in the area
and the only of M>6.0 in the past 35 years occurred as an M 6.0 near Napa on
August 24, 2014. At the time of the 2016 earthquake this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in California today was an M 5.0 north of San Francisco
in the Geysers area of California. NEIC reported the mainshock was felt with intensity up to VI (minor damage) with reports of intensity V from Kelseyville; IV from Geyserville, Cloverdale, Middletown, Lakeport, Lower Lake, Cazadero, Upper Lake, Mendocino, and in general within about 100 km of the epicenter. Lesser shaking was reported from as far away as 470 km at Nipomo but these reports
probably refer to the Templeton earthquake in central California. Lesser shaking
associated with the Geysers event probably was limited to areas within about
150 km of that epicenter including, but not limited to San Mateo, San Rafael, Vacaville, Fairfield, Napa, Sonoma, Petaluma, Potter Valley, Yountville, Bodega Bay, Rohnert Park, Saint Helena, Santa Rosa, Ukiah, Sebastopol, Angwin, Healdsburg, Hopland, Hidden Valley Lake, Lucerne, Clearlake, Windsor, Calistoga, Guerneville, and Forestville, California.
Aftershocks were felt with intensity II-III in Lakeport, Calistoga, Sebastopol, Ukiah, Saint Helena, Cloverdale, Healdsburg, Windsor, Santa Rosa and San Francisco, California.
No major damage was reported with this earthquake. It is the strongest earthquake
in the Geysers area within about 50 km of this epicenter in at least 25 years.
Earthquakes hit the Napa area with M 6.0 on August 24, 2014 and with M 5.0 on September 3, 2000.
While smaller earthquakes in the Geysers, California are nearly continuous, events
of larger magnitude are uncommon. Today's earthquake may be the largest ever
recorded in the Geysers area, in fact. An M 5.0 was recorded on May 7, 1955 but
magnitudes were not well determined at the time. No other events in the Geysers
area have reached M>=5.0 until today." (December 14, 2016)
This earthquake occurred near the peak of a severe geomagnetic storm. This storm reached
maximum KP of 8 within about an hour of local solar noon in California
and probably helped trigger today's earthquake in northern California. High
latitude AP reached index of 113 on January 1 with middle latitude AP 48 and
Planetary index of 86. This is the strongest geomagnetic storm since AP reached 116 on October 11, 2024
with middle latitude AP of 123. In the past two issues this summary had
anticipated this seismicity and geomagnetic storm as:
These events occurred near local solar midnight and were probably promoted
by strong tidal stresses with today's new moon which maximized near this hour.
This summary had expected enhanced seismicity with this super-moon in previous
issues of this summary as:
"While global seismicity today was at relative moderate levels, several factors
in the next three days will probably move to enhance to possibility of
significant seismicity at the end of 2024. The first of these is the occurrence
of a super-moon on December 30,, 2024 as reported in earlier issues of this summary" (January 2, 2025)
This epicenter is at the seventh node from the North Geomagnetic equator (52 degrees)
an Kamchatka and at 101-103 degrees from major recent earthquakes in the central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those souorces.
O: 24NOV2025 15:09:29 38.8N 122.8W MD=2.9 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 24NOV2025 08:24:25 38.8N 122.5W MD=2.1 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 24NOV2025 10:49:30 38.8N 122.8W MD=2.2 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 24NOV2025 15:08:58 38.8N 122.8W Mw=3.7 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.3 in Southern Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern Alaska in Homer.
O: 24NOV2025 17:18:13 59.2N 151.5W ML=3.3 EMSC KENAI PENINSULA, ALASKA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Central Greece was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Greece iat Karditsa.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Greece at Georgiko, Mouzaki, Karditsa, Flamouli, Trikala, Kalampaka, Arta, Larisa, Kozani and Cholargos.
This epicenter is at the third node from the Drake Passage (120 degrees) and
at the fourth node from Leyte, Philippines and may have been promoted by
energy from those sources.
O: 24NOV2025 08:51:44 39.3N 21.7E MB=4.5 EMSC GREECE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.3 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in Soledad with IV with III in Paicines, and II in Greenfield, Madera and Glenbrook, Nevada.
O: 24NOV2025 07:09:22 36.6N 121.2W ML=3.2 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 24NOV2025 17:26:26 36.6N 121.2W MD=2.5 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE KOTO
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC KOTO 2025-11-25 00:00 UT 12.5N 120.3E 65 kts Central Philippines
Tropical Cyclone Koto (05B) formed today in the region west of central Philippines winds up to 65 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of the central Philippines. The antipode is at 13S 63W - is in the area of eastern Brazil and is not expected to see enhanced seismicity at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE 04B (SENYAR)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC SENYAR 2025-11-25 00:00 UT 4.5N 97.3E 55 kts Sumatra, Indonesia.
Tropical Cyclone Senyar (04B) formed today in the region of Sumatra with winds up to 55 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of Sumatra Indonesia. It is expected to make landfall in northern Sumatra today and to dissipate quickly. The antipode is at 5S 83W - is in the area west of Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 24, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
8250 0232 0245 0255 C1.2 (November 24, 2025) 1.4E-03
Xinjiang, China M 4.5 02:44 UT
8260 0603 0618 0621 C2.5 (November 24, 2025) 2.2E-03
8280 0621 0625 0629 C2.5 (November 24, 2025) 1.5E-03
Central California M 2.4 06:27 UT
8330 2146 2203 2216 C1.5 (November 24, 2025) 2.4E-03
8340 2216 2220 2223 C1.2 (November 24, 2025) 6.6E-04
Halmahera M 4.2 22:15 UT
Fiji M 4.7 22:29 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 25-27. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 22 44 15 17:00 6 99 116
A moderate geomagnetic storm occurred today at high latitudes and reached Kp
of 6 from about 13:00-22:00 UT. This is likely to promote moderate immediate
increases in high latitude seismicity in the next day but is also likely to
extend the current global seismic quiet period for several more days as geomagnetic
fields are disturbed by the storn. The quiet period with no earthquakes in
the world of M>5.8 has now prevailed for the past 15 days - since an M 6.0
on November 10 in northern Honshu, Japan. Several periods have occurred in
the past 5 years when there were no earthquakes of M>5.8 but these were
terminated after 9 days at the most, so a 15+ day quiet as is current is
extraordinary and may require further investigation.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 24, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
Haykli Gabbi - a volcano in Ethiopia erupted today. This is the first recorded
eruption of this volcano since then end of the last ice age, 12,000 years ago.
It is located about 700 km northeast of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia near Eritrea in
an area which has seen much seismic activity over the past four months.
An ash cloud from the eruption covered skies above Oman, India, Pakistan among others.
This volcanic eruption was accompanied by a moderate earthquake.
The accompanying earthquake of M 4.7 occurred within minutes of local solar
noon and may have been promoted by the new moon tidal stresses of November 20
as noted in previous issues of this summary:
"The New Moon will arrive on November 20, 2025 at 06:47 UT. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are near 100 West while those at local solar noon are near 80 East. These include, in the west areas of Central U.S. including western Texas, and central and western Mexico and portions of the East Pacific Rise and in the east in China, Pakistan and India in central Asia, Sumatra including the Nicobar and Andaman and Myanmar areas and in the South Indian Ocean. These are the regions most likely to see tidal triggering at this time and during the next week. Other areas can also be promoted by tidal stresses. These are most likely to occur near local solar noon and midnight." (November 17-20, 2025)
Today's eruption and earthquake in Eritrea may also have been triggered
by a solar flare (8130 C1.2) - one of the strongest of the day. This flare
began when Eritrea was within minutes of local solar noon and the earthquake
occurred at the maximum output of this flare. Data on this flare from
SWPC follows:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
8130 0849 0856 0900 C1.2 (November 23, 2025) 5.9E-04
Eritrea M 4.7 08:55 UT
South Sandwich Is. M 4.8 09:04 UT
O: 23NOV2025 08:55:02 14.7N 41.1E MB=4.7 EMSC NEAR THE COAST OF ERITREA
The volcanism in Eritrea was preceded 33 minutes earlier by the strongest earthquake
in the world today - an M 5.5 in the Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska (the largest earthquake in the world since an M 5.7-5.8 in Seram, Indonesia on November 20, 2025).
The distance between these two epicenters is 106 degrees - a conspicuous
nodal distance at which strong seismic energy reflected and refracted
off the core-mantle boundary returns to the surface and can help promote
seismicity. In this case, the SS seismic phase from the Andreanof Island quake was at the site of the
earthquake in Eritrea when that subsequent quake occurred and may have
triggered the eruption and earthquake.
The earthquake in the Andreanof Islands may have in turn, been triggered by a
moderate geomagnetic sudden commencement geomagnetic storm which began at
high latitudes with Kp up to 6 at about the same time. GOES magnetometers
show a low in the geomagnetic field intensity at that time.
It was another relatively quiet day in global seismicity today. The strongest
earthquake was an M 5.5 in the western Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska.
NEIC reported it felt in Adak, Alaska with light intensity of III. The last
earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=5.5 occurred as an
M 5.5 on September 21, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"The new moon arrived today. Several unusual earthquakes accompanied it and were
probably promoted by tidal stresses associated with it and the now completed geomagnetic storm of mid-September.
...
For many readers, the most significant earthquake associated with this new moon and
solar eclipse was an M 4.3 in the area of San Francisco, California. NEIC reported
it was felt with intensity up to V in the San Francisco area
...
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada or the world today was an M 5.5 in the western
Andreanof Islands, Alaska. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in
the Andreanof Islands, Alaska at Adak. This event is the strongest within about
200 km in the Andreanof Islands since a series at the beginning of Spring, 2025
of events of 5.6, 6.2, 5.7 and M 5.6 from March 20-22, 2025.
At the time this summary noted:
"Today's M 6.2 in the Aleutians, Alaska was reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity IV in Adak, Alaska as were a number
of aftershocks including an M 5.7. The last earthquake within about 200 km of today's event in the Andreanof Islands
with M>=6.2 occurred on December 8 and 9, 2024 - each with M 6.3. At the time
and again on March 20, 2025 when this series began this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquakes in the U.S. or Canada today occurred as a series of
events of M 6.0, 6.2, 6.3 in the central Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska." (March 20, 2025)
and
"The series of light to moderate earthquakes continued today in the Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska.
These began yesterday with event of M 5.6 and M 5.4 among others and today
included earthquakes of M 5.0 M 4.6 and 4.8 among many of smaller magnitude. These
earthquakes are being felt lightly in Adak, Alaska with intensity II-III.
This series is located at 103 degrees from Tropical Cyclone 26S in the South
Indian ocean and were probably promoted by energy from that source. TC 26S
is beginning to dissipate and it is likely this swarm of moderate earthquakes
in Alaska will also diminish as energy from TC26S declines." (March 20-21, 2025)
The last earthquake in this area of the Andreanof Islands, Alaska of significantly
larger magnitude than M 6.2 occurred as an M 7.0 on August 30, 2013 and prior to
that 26 years ago on March 20, 1999 with M 6.9." (March 22, 2025)
Today's M 5.5 occurred near local solar midnight with the new moon and solar eclipse today
and may have been promoted by tidal energies. That this and the series in March, 2025
(see above) occurred on the first day of Spring and the first day of autumn
is probably coincidence.
This epicenter is located at the 10th node (36 degrees) from the north geomagnetic
Pole; 120 degrees (node 3) from the South geomagnetic pole and 144 degrees from the Drake
passage and may have been promoted by energy associated with those sources." (September 21, 2025)
This epicenter is located at 144 degrees from the Drake Passage and at the sixth node (60 degrees) from the
strong quake in Leyte, Philipines and at the 12the node from Honshu Japan and may have been romoted by energy from those sources." (November 23, 2025)
O: 23NOV2025 08:21:46 51.5N 177.1W MB=5.5 EMSC ANDREANOF ISLANDS, ALEUTIANS, ALASKA
Other current volcanism is occurring at Mouont Taftan in southeastern Iran which
is seeing return to activity after nearly 700,000 years of quiet, Semeru in Indonesia; Rainier in Washington
State, Kilauea, Hawaii and Volcan del Fuego, Guatemala along with continuing
volcanism in Kamchatka, Russia and the central Philippines which followed
major earthquakes in those areas. Periods of enhanced volcanism
often accompany periods when the number of larger earthquakes (M>5.8) diminish
as the volcanic activity reduces stress without an accompanying strong earthquake.
A strong quiet period in global seismicity is currently occurring. The last
earthquake in the world of M>5.8 occurred 14 days ago as an M 6.0 on November 10, 2025
in Northern Honshu, Japan. The longest period in the past five years in
which there were no such earthquakes of M>5.8 lasted 9 days on several
occasions, so a 14-15 day seismic quiescence is remarkable. There is no
current indication that this quiet period is about to end.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.4 in the Central Mid-Atlantic today was not felt in this remote area.
The last earthquake of M>=5.4 within about 200 km of this epicenter was an M M 5.6 on April 19, 2025 and and
M 5.7 on January 14, 2025.
"An earthquake of M 5.1 occurred today in the Central Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It was
not reported felt in this remote area. This epicenter is nearly antipodal to
TC 31P off northern Australia and may have been promoted by energy from
that source." (April 19, 2025)
As with that event today's earthquake in the central Mid-Atlantic occurred
as a tropical cyclone (Fina) was near the antipode off northern Australia as
noted in this summary at the time:
"Tropical Cyclone Fina formed today in the region south of New Guinea with winds up to 55 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area. The antipode is at 10N 49W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time." (November 17, 2025)
O: 24NOV2025 02:21:04 7.5N 37.0W MW=5.4 EMSC CENTRAL MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
A second earthquake of M 4.7 also occurred today in the northern Mid-Atlantic near
the antipode of TC Fina. This event also was not felt in the epicentral area
of the Atlantic. It occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted
by strong geomagnetic storminess and by tidal stresses with the new moon.
The last earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter in the Northern
Mid-Atlantic with M>=4.7 was an M 5.0 more than a year ago on October 27, 2024.
This epicenter is located at 144 degrees from Mindanao and 101 degrees from
Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 23NOV2025 13:56:41 23.7N 45.0W MB=4.7 EMSC NORTHERN MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
A third earthquake also occurred today near the antipode of TC Fina.
All of these (see above) occurred as TC Fina was making landfall - a time when
the storm transers its energy in to the the solid earth.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Martinique was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Martinique in La Trinite, Le Robert, Le Gros-Morne, Le Lamentin, Saint-Esprit, Ducos, Asinte-Luce, Saint-Joseph, Fort-de France, Schoelcher, Les Trois-Ilets.
The last earthquake in Martinique within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=4.5
occurred on March 3, 2025 with M 4.8. At the time this summary noted:
"NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in Martinique was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Martinique with III in Fort-de-France and Le Lamentin and La Trinite, Martinique and in Cap Estate, Saint Lucia and II in Saint-Pierre, Martinique.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Martinique at La Trinite, Le Robert, Le Lorrain, Le Marigot, Le Grancois, Le Lamentin, Basse-Pointe, Saint-Esprit, Ducos, For-de France, Le Morne-Rouge, Riviere-Salee, Schoelcher, Sainte-Anne, Les Trois-Ilets, and in Dominica on Woeman Ridge and Calibishie. Also felt lightly i Grande Riviere,, Castries, Saint Lucia, i Guadeope at Saint-Francois, and Bair-Mahault." (March 3, 2025)
This epicenter is at 103 degrees from Kamchatka and at the third node from Honshu, Japan
and near the antipode of Tropical Cyclone Fina and may have been promoted by
energy from those sources as noted in this summary:
"Tropical Cyclone Fina continued today in the region of northwest Australia with winds up to 125 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area south of Indonesia. It is expected to make landfall in northern Australia today and to dissipate quickly. The antipode is at 15N 53W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge and the eastern Caribbean near Guadeloupe and Martinique where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time." (November 24, 2025)
O: 23NOV2025 21:22:03 15.0N 60.4W ML=4.5 EMSC MARTINIQUE REGION, WINDWARD IS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.6 in eastern Los Angeles was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of eastern Los Angeles with III in San Bernardino, Redlands and II i Highland, Loma Linea, San Bernardino.
O: 23NOV2025 23:54:43 34.1N 117.2W ML=2.6 EMSC GREATER LOS ANGELES AREA, CALI
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in the Virgin Islands was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Virgin Islands in Arroyo, Puerto Rico.
O: 23NOV2025 23:44:38 19.1N 64.6W MB=4.5 EMSC VIRGIN ISLANDS REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.4 in Southern Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern Alaska in Homer and Ninilchik.
O: 23NOV2025 22:09:25 60.1N 151.4W ML=3.4 EMSC KENAI PENINSULA, ALASKA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.2 south of Portland, Oregon was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of south of Portland, Oregon in Sheridan Silverton, Salem, Albany, and II in Dayton, Happy Valley, Stayton, and Portland.
O: 23NOV2025 15:58:26 45.1N 123.2W ML=3.2 EMSC OREGON
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in Atacama, Chile was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Atacama, Chile in Vicuna, Chile.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Martinique was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Martinique in La Trinite, Le Robert, Le Gros-Morne, Le Lamentin, Saint-Esprit, Ducos, Asinte-Luce, Saint-Joseph, Fort-de France, Schoelcher, Les Trois-Ilets.
The last earthquake in Martinique within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=4.5
occurred on March 3, 2025 with M 4.8. At the time this summary noted:
"NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in Martinique was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Martinique with III in Fort-de-France and Le Lamentin and La Trinite, Martinique and in Cap Estate, Saint Lucia and II in Saint-Pierre, Martinique.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Martinique at La Trinite, Le Robert, Le Lorrain, Le Marigot, Le Grancois, Le Lamentin, Basse-Pointe, Saint-Esprit, Ducos, For-de France, Le Morne-Rouge, Riviere-Salee, Schoelcher, Sainte-Anne, Les Trois-Ilets, and in Dominica on Woeman Ridge and Calibishie. Also felt lightly i Grande Riviere,, Castries, Saint Lucia, i Guadeope at Saint-Francois, and Bair-Mahault." (March 3, 2025)
This epicenter is at 103 degrees from Kamchatka and at the third node from Honshu, Japan
and near the antipode of Tropical Cyclone Fina and may have been promoted by
energy from those sources as noted in this summary:
"Tropical Cyclone Fina continued today in the region of northwest Australia with winds up to 125 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area south of Indonesia. It is expected to make landfall in northern Australia today and to dissipate quickly. The antipode is at 15N 53W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge and the eastern Caribbean near Guadeloupe and Martinique where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time." (November 24, 2025)
O: 23NOV2025 21:22:03 15.0N 60.4W ML=4.5 EMSC MARTINIQUE REGION, WINDWARD IS
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.4 in Leyte, Philippines was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Leyte, Philippines in Logon, Palompon, Masarayao, Ormoc City, and Consolacion.
O: 23NOV2025 09:44:11 11.2N 124.1E ML=4.4 EMSC LEYTE, PHILIPPINES
BMG reported an earthquake of M 5.2 in Java, Indonesia was felt with intensity up to III in the area(s) of Desa Ngembul, Watulimo, Poncokusumo, Malang, Java and II in Kab Purworejo, Magelang, Boyolali, Klaten Sukoharjo, Monogiri, Karanganyar, Sragen, Blors, Semarang, Temanggung, Kendal, Kulon Progo, Bantul, Gunungkidul, Sleman, Yogoyakarta, Pacitan, Ponorogo, Trenggalek, Tulungagung, Blita and Kediri among others.
This epicenter is near the eye of TC Fina and may have been promoted by
energy associated with that storm.
O: 23NOV2025 20:40:24 9.2S 111.9E MB=4.9 EMSC SOUTH OF JAVA, INDONESIA
O: 23NOV2025 20:40:24 9.2S 111.9E MB=5.2 BMG SOUTH OF JAVA, INDONESIA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE FINA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC FINA 2025-11-24 00:00 UT 14.5S 127.5E 125 kts Northwest Australia
Tropical Cyclone Fina continued today in the region of northwest Australia with winds up to 125 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area south of Indonesia. It is expected to make landfall in northern Australia today and to dissipate quickly. The antipode is at 15N 53W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge and the eastern Caribbean near Guadeloupe and Martinique where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 23, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
8100 0547 0602 0640 C1.4 (November 23, 2025) 4.2E-03
Indian-Antarctic Ridge M 4.7 06:16 UT
8110 0645 0654 0700 C1.8 (November 23, 2025) 1.4E-03
8130 0849 0856 0900 C1.2 (November 23, 2025) 5.9E-04
Eritrea M 4.7 08:55 UT
South Sandwich Is. M 4.8 09:04 UT
8140 0933 0941 0959 C1.0 (November 23, 2025) 1.5E-03
Leyte M 4.4 09:44 UT
8160 1149 1158 1205 C1.0 (November 23, 2025) 1.0E-03
8180 1205 1209 1213 C1.0 (November 23, 2025) 5.7E-04
8170 1230 1234 1236 C1.5 (November 23, 2025) 5.3E-04
Alaska Peninsula M 4.3 12:53 UT
Southe of Alaska M 3.5 12:29 UT
8190 1631 1640 1653 C1.0 (November 23, 2025) 1.3E-03
8210 2010 2019 2026 C1.6 (November 23, 2025) 1.1E-03
Southern Alaska M 4.3 20:30 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: quiet November 24 minor storms November 26-27. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 13 26 8 08:00 6 79 120
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 23, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
It was another relatively quiet day in global seismicity today. The strongest
earthquake was an M 5.5 in the western Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska.
NEIC reported it felt in Adak, Alaska with light intensity of III. The last
earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=5.5 occurred as an
M 5.5 on September 21, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"The new moon arrived today. Several unusual earthquakes accompanied it and were
probably promoted by tidal stresses associated with it and the now completed geomagnetic storm of mid-September.
...
For many readers, the most significant earthquake associated with this new moon and
solar eclipse was an M 4.3 in the area of San Francisco, California. NEIC reported
it was felt with intensity up to V in the San Francisco area
...
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada or the world today was an M 5.5 in the western
Andreanof Islands, Alaska. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in
the Andreanof Islands, Alaska at Adak. This event is the strongest within about
200 km in the Andreanof Islands since a series at the beginning of Spring, 2025
of events of 5.6, 6.2, 5.7 and M 5.6 from March 20-22, 2025.
At the time this summary noted:
"Today's M 6.2 in the Aleutians, Alaska was reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity IV in Adak, Alaska as were a number
of aftershocks including an M 5.7. The last earthquake within about 200 km of today's event in the Andreanof Islands
with M>=6.2 occurred on December 8 and 9, 2024 - each with M 6.3. At the time
and again on March 20, 2025 when this series began this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquakes in the U.S. or Canada today occurred as a series of
events of M 6.0, 6.2, 6.3 in the central Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska." (March 20, 2025)
and
"The series of light to moderate earthquakes continued today in the Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska.
These began yesterday with event of M 5.6 and M 5.4 among others and today
included earthquakes of M 5.0 M 4.6 and 4.8 among many of smaller magnitude. These
earthquakes are being felt lightly in Adak, Alaska with intensity II-III.
This series is located at 103 degrees from Tropical Cyclone 26S in the South
Indian ocean and were probably promoted by energy from that source. TC 26S
is beginning to dissipate and it is likely this swarm of moderate earthquakes
in Alaska will also diminish as energy from TC26S declines." (March 20-21, 2025)
The last earthquake in this area of the Andreanof Islands, Alaska of significantly
larger magnitude than M 6.2 occurred as an M 7.0 on August 30, 2013 and prior to
that 26 years ago on March 20, 1999 with M 6.9." (March 22, 2025)
Today's M 5.5 occurred near local solar midnight with the new moon and solar eclipse today
and may have been promoted by tidal energies. That this and the series in March, 2025
(see above) occurred on the first day of Spring and the first day of autumn
is probably coincidence.
This epicenter is located at the 10th node (36 degrees) from the north geomagnetic
Pole; 120 degrees (node 3) from the South geomagneitc pole and 144 degrees from the Drake
passage and may have been promoted by energy associated with those sources." (September 21, 2025)
This epicenter is located at 144 degrees from the Drake Passage and at the sixth node (60 degrees) from the
strong quake in Leyte, Philipines and at the 12the node from Honshu Japan and may have been romoted by energy from those sources.
O: 23NOV2025 08:21:46 51.4N 177.1W MW=5.5 EMSC ANDREANOF ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN IS
A second moderate earthquake of M 4.9-5.0 was also felt in Alaska today. This event
occurred west of Anchorage, Alaska and was widely felt in the region. NEIC reported nearly
that nearly 2000 respondants felt the quake including those with intensity III in Alaska
at Tyonek, Fort Richardson, Anchorage, Elmendorf AFB, and Soldotna, Alaska among others.
NEIC reported the last earthquake of M>=5.0 within about 200 km of today's
epicenter was an M 5.4 on October 30, 2025 and before that an M 5.0 on December 1, 2023.
At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake felt in the world today was an M 5.4 in the Kenai, Alaska area. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity V in Alaska at Cooper Landing; IV in Homer, Anchor Point, Seward, Clam Gulch, Kenai, Soldotna, Moose Pass and III in Sterling and Girdwood.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Alaska at Diamond Ridge, Seward, Honer, MacDonald Spit, Seldovia, Bear Creek, Ninichik, Anchor Point, Funny River, Soldotna, Kenai, Nikiski, Girdwood, Anchorage, Eagle River.
No damage or casualties or tsunami was reported with this earthquake. The
last earthquake of M>=5.4 in the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska within abouot 200 km
of today's epicenter was an M 5.4 on March 19, 2023 with the last of larger magnitude
and M 5.8 more than six years ago on May 27, 2019. At the time this summary
noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.4 in Southern Alaska. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity V in Alaska at Anchor Point, Homer, Ninilchik, IV in Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and III in Clam Gulch, Kasilof, Soldotna, Sterling, Cooper Landing, Kenai, Anchorage, Girdwood, Iliamna, Fort Richardson, Eagle River, Willow, Wasilla, Chugiak, Palmer and Valdez.
This is the largest earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter in the
Kenai Peninsula of Alaska since an M 5.8 about 100 km southwest of today's epicenter on May 27, 2019.
At the time this summary noted in this regard:
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.8 in the Kodiak Island region of Southern Alaska.
EIC reported intensity IV in Homer and Anchor point and II-III in Ninilchik, Pedro Bay, Kodiak Kenai NTL, Kasilof, Soldotna and Sterling, Alaska among others.
This is the strongest earthquake in the Kodiak area within about 150 km of this epicener
since an M 7.1 to the north on January 24, 2016." (May 27, 2019)
An M 5.9 at intermediate depth also occurred about 200 km northwest of today's
epicenter in the Kenai Peninsula on December 21, 2021. At the time this
summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today occurred in the Kenai area of Southern Alaska with M 5.9. NEIC reported maximum intensity V in southern Alaska at West Kenai, and IV in Anchor Point, Ninilchik, Calm Gulch, Kasilof, Soldotna, Homer, Sterling, Pedro Bay and North Lake among other communities in southern Alaska.
This earthquake occurred on a day when the Wolf Sunspot number was the highest
since the last solar active period six years ago
...
The last earthquake of larger magnitude within about 200 km of today's event
occurred about 50 km south of today's epicenter on January 24, 2016 with M 7.1 and
prior to that an M 6.2 on July 29, 2015. Both of these events were associated
with strong solar outbursts. Today's earthquake occurred within minutes of
local solar noon (like the M 7.2 in Northern California yesterday) and
was likely promoted by strong tidal and geomagnetic stresses which maximize
near this hour." (December 21, 2021, March 19, 2023, October 31, 2025)
This epicenter is located at the eighth node (45 degrees) from northern Honshu, Japan
and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 22NOV2025 15:38:56 61.2N 151.2W MB=5.0 NEIC SOUTHERN ALASKA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.3 in Burma was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Burma in Ban Bung Chon Buri, Thailand.
This earthquake occurred near local solar noon and was probably promoted by the
new moon of November 20 as it lies at a longitude where that event experienced
maximum stress as noted in previous issues of this summary:
"The New Moon will arrive on November 20, 2025 at 06:47 UT. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are near 100 West while those at local solar noon are near 80 East. These include, in the west areas of Central U.S. including western Texas, and central and western Mexico and portions of the East Pacific Rise and in the east in China, Pakistan and India in central Asia, Sumatra including the Nicobar and Andaman and Myanmar areas and in the South Indian Ocean. These are the regions most likely to see tidal triggering at this time and during the next week. Other areas can also be promoted by tidal stresses. These are most likely to occur near local solar noon and midnight." (November 17-20, 2025)
The last earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>5.4 occurred as an M 5.8
on July 31, 2014 with M 5.8. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake of the day was an M 5.8-6.1 in the Andaman Sea of India. It was
reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity III in the region of Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
as far away as Bangkok, Thailand with intensity II. There were no reports of damage or casualties from this quake. No tsunami was expected or observed. This
epicenter is at the northern end of the great Sumatra earthquake of December 26, 2004
and it is likely that seismic energy was concentrated in this area at that time
leading to a major event in the region. The strong quake was followed by a moderate
event of M 5.1 at the same epicenter. The last earthquake within 200 km of this
epicenter of M>=5.8 occurred four years ago on June 18, 2010. The strongest earthquake
in the area in the past 25 years occurred on May 31, 2010 and also on September 13, 2002.
The great earthquake of December 26, 2004 was followed by an M 5.9 on that date
in this region of the Andaman Islands. The mainshock was followed by an 4.9
in the area where the rupture in December, 2004 began." (July 31, 2014)
O: 23NOV2025 04:39:22 13.3N 95.8E MW=5.3 EMSC ANDAMAN ISLANDS, INDIA REGION
NEIC also reported an earthquake of M 5.4 in Halmahera, Indonesia. It was note felt by NEIC but was expected to have been felt locally with intensity up to IV by that agency.
BMG reported it was felt with intensity V in Halmahera at Maba Utara and III in Tobelo Tim, Wasile, Maba, and II in Halmahera, Pulau Morotai, Ternate, Tidore and Selatan.
The earthquake occurred within minutes of local solar noon and may have
been promoted by strong tidal and/or geomagnetic effects which maximize
near this hour. A moderate M 4.6 followed four hours later.
This epicenter is at the third node (120 degrees) from the Drake Passage and
at the sixth node from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from
those sources.
O: 23NOV2025 03:19:57 1.3N 128.5E MW=5.4 EMSC HALMAHERA, INDONESIA
O: 23NOV2025 07:36:20 1.2N 128.5E mb=4.6 EMSC HALMAHERA, INDONESIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in Eastern Greenland was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Eastern Greenland at Kulusuk Ammassalik.
The last earthquake within about 250 km of this epicenter in Greenland was
identified by NEIC as an event of M 4.8 on January 13, 1991. No earthquakes
of M>4.8 have occurred in this region in the past 35 years.
This epicenter is at 102 degrees from the major earthquake in Leyte, Philippines;
and at the sixth node from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy
from those sources.
O: 23NOV2025 03:03:26 65.8N 37.8W MB=4.8 EMSC EASTERN GREENLAND
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.1 in Costa Rica was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Costa Rica with III in Puerto Cortes, Pentarenas and Ipis, San Jose.
This epicenter is at 145 degrees from the eye of Tropical Cyalone Fina andthe fifth node from the Drake Passage as well as
at 145 degrees from recent major earthquake in the Central Philippines and
may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 22NOV2025 18:41:19 8.8N 84.1W MW=5.1 EMSC OFF COAST OF COSTA RICA
O: 22NOV2025 19:57:46 8.7N 84.2W ML=4.1 EMSC OFF COAST OF COSTA RICA
An aftershock of M 4.3 also shook areas of Bangladesh today. NEIC reported it
was felt with intensity IV in Bangladesh at Gazipur, Narsingdi, Kishorganj, Comilla, Bhaluka, Kabirhat, Dacca, Tungi, Narayanganj and Dhamari.
This epicenter is located at the seventh node from Tropical Cyclone fina and
at the sixth node (60 degrees) from Kamchatka and at the eighth node (45 degrees)
from Honshu, Japan and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 22NOV2025 12:06:05 23.9N 90.6E MW=4.3 EMSC BANGLADESH
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE FINA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC FINA 2025-11-23 00:00 UT 13.2S 129.3E 110 kts South of New Guinea
Tropical Cyclone Fina continued today in the region south of New Guinea with winds up to 110 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area south of Indonesia. The antipode is at 13N 51W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 22, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
7880 0100 0108 0110 C1.2 (November 22, 2025) 1.0E-03
7890 0110 0120 0130 C2.3 (November 22, 2025) 2.5E-03
Myanmar M 4.0 01:20 UT
Panama M 3.8 01:09 UT
7910 0227 0232 0234 C1.1 (November 22, 2025) 5.5E-04
7920 0438 0445 0449 C1.6 (November 22, 2025) 7.9E-04
7940 0542 0545 0547 C1.0 (November 22, 2025) 3.8E-04
7980 1014 1022 1025 C1.1 (November 22, 2025) 7.4E-04
Costa Rica M 4.5 10:29 UT
7990 1039 1045 1047 C1.3 (November 22, 2025) 5.0E-04
8000 1141 1146 1148 C4.8 (November 22, 2025) 9.9E-04
Mindanao M 4.4 11:57 UT
8030 1518 1523 1526 C1.6 (November 22, 2025) 6.0E-04
Southern Alaska M 5.0 15:38 UT
Mindanao M 4.4 15:17 UT
8040 1613 1619 1622 C1.5 (November 22, 2025) 6.7E-04
Iraq M 4.7 16:29 UT
Banda Sea M 4.6 16:30 UT
8050 1849 1900 1908 C6.3 (November 22, 2025) 4.5E-03
Costa Rica M 5.1 18:41 UT
Molucca Sea M 4.2 19:07 UT
8060 2209 2229 2249 C1.0 (November 22, 2025) 2.3E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: quiet November 23-25. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 6 4 3 16:00 3 74 119
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 22, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
Global seismicity remained at relatively quiet conditions today for the 12th
straight day. This is the longest quiet period in global seismicity of M>5.8 in at least five years. The largest events were of M 5.4-5.6 in Fiji, the Kuril Islands
and northern Honshu, Japan.
The strongest earthquake in the world today was a deep focus (519 km) event south of
the Fiji Islands. It was not reported felt in this remote area. The last earthquake
within about 200 km of this epicenter in Fiji with M>=5.6 was catalogued
on July 29, 2025 with M 6.6 and was likely triggered by the M 8.8 in
Kamchatka of the same date. Prior to that an M 6.6 hit the area on
April 28, 2023 (nearly all strong events in this area are at deep focus.
At the time this summary noted:
"A series of strong earthquakes occurred today near 600 km depth under the southern Fiji Islands today.
These included events of M 6.6, 6.0, 5.5, 5.5. They were not reported felt in
this remote area and no tsunami was expected nor observed with these events.
The M 6.6 is the strongest earthquake recorded within about 250 km of these
epicenters since a similar series about 100 km from today's occurred on November 9, 2022
and included events of M 7.0, 6.7, 6.8, 6.6 and 6.5. Today's event may be a
regional aftershock of those. An earthquake of M 6.7 also occurred on April 18, 2023
about 300 km northeastof today's epicenter in the Fiji Islands. Swarming of
this type is not typical in the area, these being the only such series in the
past 35 years. At the time of the swarm on November 9, 2022 this summary noted:
"Today's activity in Fiji was located at deep hyocentral Focus (600-650 km)
and was felt lightly on the surface. Because of the deep depth, no tsunami
was expected nor observed with today's events. The last earthquake with
M>=7.0 within about 300 km of today's epicenters was an M 7.7 about 300
km to the north of today's epicenter on August 19, 2002. An M 7.8 occurred
east of this at an intermediate epicenter on December 9, 2007. This is about 300 km from
today's epicenters." (November 9, 2022)
These may also be related to the eruption of Tonga-Tapu volcano in January, 2022.
That eruption triggered a mega-tsunami, the first such tsunami recorded
in modern history. That volcano is located about 500 km from today's epicenter
but has had a major effect on regional seismicity since its eruption.
Today's activity may be related to the current strong geomagnetic storm
which has been ongoing for nearly a week. These epicenter lie near the
geomagnetic equator." (April 29, 2023)
Today's mainshock of M 5.6 occurred within minutes of local solar midnight
and may have been promoted by tidal and/or geomagnetic stresses which maximize
near this hour.
This epicenter is at the fifth node (72 degrees) from northern Honshu, Japan
and at the sixth node from the major event in Mindanao, Philippines (60 degree)
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 22NOV2025 06:27:07 23.4S 179.8W MB=4.6 EMSC SOUTH OF FIJI ISLANDS
O: 21NOV2025 12:37:59 24.3S 180.0E Mw=5.6 EMSC SOUTH OF FIJI ISLANDS
A moderate M 5.5 aftershock also occurred off northeastern Honshu Japan today
about 16 minutes prior to the M 5.6 in Fiji (see above). A series of seismic
phases take sixteen minutes to traverse the distance (72 degrees - node 5)
between northern Japan and the Fiji Islands and may have helped trigger the subsequent earth
in the Fiji Islands. The most like was the PcS and/or PPP reflected seismic
waves which arrived at the Japanese epicenter within seconds of that subsequent event. NEIC reported it
may have been felt with intensity up to III in the epicentral area but no specific
reports of felt activity were noted. This is the strongest aftershock in this
area of the M 6.8 of November 9 since an M 6.0 on November 10, 2025.
Today's epicenter is at the seventh node (52 degrees) from the current eye of Tropical Cyclone Fina
and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 21NOV2025 12:22:04 39.7N 143.4E MW=5.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPA
An M 5.6 was also felt in the southern Kamchatka/northern Kuril Islands today.
EMSC reported it was lightly in Russia at Vilyuchinsk.
This continues the aftershocks of the M 8.8 on July 29, 2025 which has seen
an extensive aftershock sequence for the past four months.
The last aftershock in the northern Kurils of M>=5.6 occurred on November 4. 2025 with M 5.7.
The last of M>=6 was an M 6.1 on October 9, 2025.
O: 21NOV2025 22:38:09 49.7N 158.5E MW=5.6 EMSC EAST OF KURIL ISLANDS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Costa Rica was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Costa Rica in San Isidro, San Jose.
This epicenter is at 144-145 degrees from the current position of Tropical Cyclone Fina
and from the major earthquakes in Central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 21NOV2025 19:47:02 9.1N 84.1W MB=4.5 EMSC COSTA RICA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.7 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in Bodfish and Caliente.
O: 21NOV2025 13:40:55 35.5N 118.5W ML=2.7 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
This epicenter is at 104 degrees from the earthquakes in the Central Philippines
and may have been promoted by enegy from those sources.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in Templeton and Atascadero with III and Paso Robles with II.
This is an aftershock of an M 4.1 of November 18, 2025 which was widely felt in the area.
At the time this summary noted (in part):
"NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.1 in Central California near Templeton was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California with IV in Templeton, Paso Robles, Atascadero, Morro Bay and III in Santa Margarita, King City, Oceano, San Jose, Grover Beach, San Luis Obispo, Cayucos, Cambria, Creston, Pismo Beach, San Simeon, Los Osos, San Miguel, with II in Lompoc, Hollister, Nipomo, Chino, Monterey, among others.
EMSC reported it was felt strongly in California at Atascadero, Paso Robles, Morro Bay, San Miguel, Santa Margarita, Arroyo Grande, Kerman, Goshen, Bakersfield, Merced, Alum Rock among
others. Some worried that it could be a precursor to a larger event in
central California. Such event could occur but is more likely to the north
in the San Francisco Bay area where a number of light earthquakes have
been occurring in recent days especially near local solar noon and midnight.
...
Today's earthquake is the strongest within about 75 km of this epicenter in
Central California since an M 4.4 on June 20, 2009.
...
"An earthquake of M 4.4 occurred southwest of Lake Nacimiento, California today
continuing an activation of southern California which we noted here yesterday.
This earthquake was felt felt with intensity IV in Templeton and Bradley; III at
Atascadero, Paso Robles, Santa Margarita, Santa Cruz, King City, Carmel Valley, San Miguel, San Ardo, Morro Bay,
Cayucos, Cambria, and with intensity II-III within about 100 km of the epicenter.
Lesser intensities were felt in Chico, San Jose, San Ramon, Stanford, Palo Alto,
Lockwood, Big Sur, Salinas, Shandon, Santa Maria, San Simeon, Pismo Beach,
Oceano, Nipomo, Lompoc, Guadalupe, Grover Beach, Creston, Buellton, Arroyo Grande,
San Luis Obispo, Los Osos, Bakersfield, Lemoore, Hanford, Coalinga, Ventura, and
within about 120 km of the epicenter. NEIC reported aftershocks of M 3.3 and 2.1
were felt with similar intensity within about 50 km of the epicenter. These
are probably aftershocks of the M 6.5 earthquake which hit the area of San
Simeon on December 22, 2003 killing two and injuring 47. There were no injuries
or damages reported with today's earthquake although press accounts indicated
residents still found memories of the 2003 event fresh. These anxieties resulted
in at least two people being hospitalized. Alarms went off and glass and pictures
swayed throughout the area. This is the strongest earthquake in this region
since a similar M 4.4 on Dec. 15, 2006. The last event of larger magnitude
was an M 4.5 on May 16, 2005. A smaller event of M 3.6 occurred in
Baja California and was felt with intensity II at Chula Vista, Lemon Grove, Lakeside and Santee,
California. An aftershock of M 3.0 was felt with intensity II at Chula Vista
and Arroyo Grande. Two light earthquakes of M 2.6 and 2.8 were later reported
in the western Los Angeles area. These were felt with maximum intensity III
at Camarillo and II in Hollywood, Malibu, Newbury Park, Westlake Village, Thousand
Oaks and Oak Park, CA." (June 20, 2009)
...
The epicenter is located at 103 degrees (node 7) from the recent major earthquakes
in the Drake Passage and the central Philippines and at the fifth node from the
M 6.9 in northern Honshu Japan and may have been promoted by energy from those
sources." (November 18, 2025)
O: 21NOV2025 09:18:26 35.6N 120.8W MD=2.8 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE FINA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC FINA 2025-11-22 00:00 UT 12.8S 129.7E 125 kts South of New Guinea
Tropical Cyclone Fina continued today in the region south of New Guinea with winds up to 125 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area south of Indonesia. The antipode is at 12N 51W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 21, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
7710 0037 0041 0047 C1.1 (November 21, 2025) 7.1E-04
Argentina M 4.6 00:42 UT
7720 0049 0055 0103 C1.1 (November 21, 2025) 1.0E-03
7740 0235 0245 0258 C1.1 (November 21, 2025) 1.5E-03
Coquimbo M 4.5 02:39 UT
7750 0258 0302 0306 C1.1 (November 21, 2025) 6.7E-04
Afghanistan M 4.1 03:08 UT
Kuril M 4.6 03:17 UT
7770 0419 0425 0430 C1.1 (November 21, 2025) 7.4E-04
Kuril M 4.2 03:21 UT
Bangladesh M 6.6 04:38 UT
7780 0518 0536 0556 C1.3 (November 21, 2025) 2.6E-03
7790 0755 0803 0811 C1.0 (November 21, 2025) 8.9E-04
7800 1156 1200 1204 C1.0 (November 21, 2025) 5.5E-04
Mayotte M 3.6 11:58 UT
Myanmar M 3.3 11:56 UT
Honshu M 5.5 12:22 UT
Fiji M 5.6 12:37 UT
7820 1321 1330 1333 C3.8 (November 21, 2025) 1.4E-03
7830 1745 1750 1753 C1.6 (November 21, 2025) 7.6E-04
Banda Seaz M 4.4 17:44 UT
7840 1947 1954 1957 C1.3 (November 21, 2025) 7.1E-04
Costa Rica M 4.5 19:47 UT
7850 2229 2237 2242 C2.1 (November 21, 2025) 1.2E-03
South of Alaska M 4.1 22:33 UT
East of Kuril Is. M 5.6 22:38 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: unsettled November 22 quiet November 23-24. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 8 9 5 18:00 3 75 121
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 21, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
An earthquake of M 5.5-5.7 occurred today in the area of Bangladesh. NEIC reported it was felt in the eastern states in India that border Bangladesh near the city of Narsingdi. Many residents fled their
homes during this event which occurred near local solar noon. Buildings shook and
temporary shelters collapsed during the earthquake according to Reuters. Initial casualties were
not reported for this event. NEIC reported it was felt with some damage and intensity
VI in Bangladesh at Narsingdi and Narayanganj; V in Dacca, Brahman, Tungi, Gazipur, Maimansingh, Dhamrai, Roypura, Gopalganj, among others. It is likely that this event was promoted by
EMSC reported moderate to strong shaking in most of Bangladesh as well as in India at Jalpaiguri, Bishnupur, Mushalpur, Koch Bihar, Santoshpur, Bankra, Baruipur, Kolkata, Bara Bazar, Guwaati, Kolkata, Circus Avenue, Haora, Dispur among others.
It was located about 30 kmk NNE of Dhaka, Bangladesh - a city of more than 10 million residents.
This is the strongest earthquake in Bangladesh within about 200 km of this
epicenter since an M 5.5 on December 2, 2023. The only earthquake of larger
magnitude in the past 25 years in this area occurred as an M 5.7 on January 3, 2017.
At the time this summary noted:
An earthquake of M 5.5-5.6 on the India-Bangladesh border was widely felt in the area.
NEIC reported it was felt with intensity up to VI reported in Ambassa and Belonia, Tripura, India.
and with intensity II-III in Bhutan and Bangladesh. Intensity V occurred within about 100
km of the epicenter and reported from Ranirbazar, Kailasahar, Brahman Bariya, Sonamura. Intensity
IV was reported felt within about 200 km of the epicenter and reported from Assam, India
at Silchar, North Guwahati, Dispur, Maimansingh, Bangladesh, Shillong, Meghalaya, India;
Dacca and Tungi, Bangladesh. Also felt in Tripura at Belonia, Agartala, Kamalpur, Khowai. Lesser
intensity II-III was felt in Bangladesh an Chattagam, Mirzapur, Dohar, Manikganj, Charfasson, Bogora, Jaipur Hat, and in India at Tura, Alipurduar, Beldanga, Bidhannagar, Calcutta, Shiliguri, Uttar Bagdogra, Ondal, Munger and Kataka, Orissa and in Thimphy, Bhutan.
The last earthquake of M>=5.6 within about 200 km of this epicenter occurred on
January 3, 2016, exactly a year ago with M 6.7. Earthquakes which repeat
on one-year anniversaries are statistically more common than expected but
the exact mechanism for this is in dispute." (January 3, 2017)
The strongest earthquake recorded in this area of Bangladesh occurred exactly 28 years ago
as an M 6.1 on November 21 (same date as today' event) in 1997 (note the reference
to yearly anniversaries in the quote from January 3, 2017).
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.5-5.8 in Bangladesh. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity up to VI in Ramganj, Bangladesh.
EMSC reported it was felt with moderate to strong intensity in Bangladesh at Chatkhil Upazila, Hajiganj, Comilla, Narayanganj, Gaurnadi, Barisal, Dhaka, Paltan, Azimpur, Tungi and as far as Kushtia and Jhenaidah and in India at Bishalgarh, Sonamura,
This is the strongest earthquake in Bangladesh within about 300 km of this epicenter
since an M 6.2 in Myanmar on November 25, 2021 but no events within 200 km
have been recorded in this area of Bangladesh in at least 35 years.
At the time of the M 6.2 in November 2021 this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.2 on the Myanmar-India border. NEIC reported it was felt with maximum intensity VIII in North Vanlaiphai, India; VII in Rangamali, Bangladesh and Champhal, Mizoram, India and VI in Lunglei and Serchhip, and V in Alzaei and Mamit, Mizoram, India and in Bangladesh at Ranguna and Bandarban with IV in Saiha, Mizorm, India.
The press reported light to moderate regional damage with this earthquake.
This is the strongest earthquake within about 250 km of this epicenter since an M 6.9
on April 13, 2015 and an M 6.8 on November 11, 2012. In the past 30 years similar earthquakes
also hit the region on June 15, 1992 and January 5, 1991." (November 26, 2021)
This event occurred as Tropical Cyclone Michaung formed and made landfall to the
south in Peninsular India. It is likely that stress transfer from that landfall
event helped to trigger today's event in Bangladesh. TC Michaung had been described
in this summary as:
"TC Michaung (08B) formed today in the area east of southern Peninsular India with winds up to 45 kts. It is expected to track to the north and may have helped trigger the earthquake in Bangladesh upon making landfall today." (December 1-2, 2023)
This epicenter in Bangladesh is located near the geomagnetic equator and, as
the earthquake occurred near local solar noon, it is likely it was promoted
by strong geomagnetic effects with the current geomagnetic storm and
by tidal stresses which maximize near this hour." (December 2, 2023)
Today's epicenter in Bangladesh is located at the sixth node from Kamchatka (60 degrees)
and at the eighth node from Honshu, Japan and was likely promoted by energy from
those sources.
O: 21NOV2025 04:38:26 23.9N 90.6E MW=5.5 EMSC BANGLADESH
The new moon tidal effects as the event occurred near local solar noon at a longitude
where tidal stresses were expected to be maximized with this new moon as summarized
in previous issues of this summary:
"The New Moon will arrive on November 20, 2025 at 06:47 UT. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are near 100 West while those at local solar noon are near 80 East. These include, in the west areas of Central U.S. including western Texas, and central and western Mexico and portions of the East Pacific Rise and in the east in China, Pakistan and India in central Asia, Sumatra including the Nicobar and Andaman and Myanmar areas and in the South Indian Ocean. These are the regions most likely to see tidal triggering at this time and during the next week. Other areas can also be promoted by tidal stresses. These are most likely to occur near local solar noon and midnight." (November 17-20, 2025)
The new moon arrived on November 20, 2025. Global seismicity remains at quiet levels however,
so major seismicity is not expected at this time. Maximum magnitudes with this
new moon will probably not exceed M 6.0.
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.7-5.8 near Seram, Indonesia
in the Banda Sea. This is the largest earthquake within about 200 km of this
epicenter in the Banda Sea since an M 5.8 on March 17, 2025. The last earthquake significantly larger
magnitude in the area was an M 6.5 on September 25, 2019. At the time this summary noted:
"A strong earthquake of M 6.5-6.6 hit the area of Seram, Indonesia north of the Banda Sea today. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity VII in Ambon, Maluku and V in Amahai, Indonesia.
The damage was largely limited to Ambon and Kairatu, Indonesia. Local sources reported the earthquake damaged some buildings but no tsunami was generated. Among
the damage was a bridge cracked and a University building damaged in Ambon, Indonesia.
No major injuries or deaths were immediately reported.
...
Today's Seram earthquake is the strongest within about 250 km of today's epicenter since an M 6.9
on December 9, 2015 and prior to that an M 6.7 on March 14, 2006. " (September 25, 2019)
Today's event occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted
by strong tidal stresses with the new moon as it occurred within minutes
of that alignment (see above).
NEIC reported it was likely felt with intensity up to IV in the epicentral area.
This epicenter is located at the fourth node (90 degrees) from the north geomagnetic
pole and at the sixth node (60 degrees) from the South Geomagnetic pole and
is at the eighth node (like the event in Bangladesh today) (45 degrees) from Honshu, Japan
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 20NOV2025 06:59:44 3.8S 128.3E MW=5.8 EMSC SERAM, INDONESIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.6 in South Island, New Zealand was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of South Island, New Zealand with III in Christchurch, Canterbury.
EMSC also reported light shaking in Christchurch, New Zealand.
GeoNet gave the following parameters for this earthquake:
O: 21NOV2025 06:50:52 43.9S 172.1E MS=4.0 GEONET Felt with moderate intensity in the area northeast of Arthur's Pass, South Island, New Zealand. 2507 reports of light to moderate intensity came from the area of southern North Island and Wellington and northern South Island, New Zealand with 1614 reporting weak, 847 light and 37 moderate shaking 7 with strong and 1 with severe and 1 with extreme shaking..
O: 21NOV2025 06:50:52 43.9S 172.1E ML=4.0 EMSC SOUTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.1 in Oklahoma was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Loco, Oklahoma with IV.
This event occurred near local solar midnight and may have been promoted by the new moon tidal stresses of November 20, 2025 (see above).
O: 21NOV2025 05:20:34 34.3N 97.5W ML=3.1 EMSC OKLAHOMA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.2 in Northern Hawaii was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Northern Hawaii with III in Hawi, Kamuela and II in Kailua Kona, Honokaa and Waikoloa.
O: 21NOV2025 01:43:45 19.9N 155.7W ML=3.2 EMSC ISLAND OF HAWAII, HAWAII
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.2 in northeastern Washington State was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of northeastern Washington State with III in Loomis and Oroville.
O: 21NOV2025 00:05:25 48.8N 119.5W ML=3.2 EMSC WASHINGTON
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California with III in Morro Bay, Paso Robles and Templeton and II in Atascadero.
This epicenter is located at the fifth node (72 degrees) from Honshu, Japan and at 103 degrees
from Central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those
sources.
O: 20NOV2025 22:27:24 35.6N 120.8W MD=2.2 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 20NOV2025 23:54:57 35.6N 120.8W MD=2.6 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
An event of M 3.2 also widely shook the San Francisco Bay area of California today . NEIC reported it was felt with intensityIII in San jose, San Ramon, Livermore, Danville, Oakland, Diablo, Walnut Creek, Milpitas and Pleasanton, California.
EMSC reported moderate intensity at San Ramon, Blackhawk, Dublin.
An M 2.3 in the San Francisco Bay area today also occurred within a couple of
minutes of local solar noon and was probably promoted by tidal stresses
with today's new moon. This earthquake was reported felt with intensity II
in Oakland, Daly City and San Francisco.
O: 20NOV2025 21:27:24 39.0N 122.5W MD=2.3 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 20NOV2025 20:09:21 37.7N 122.6W MD=2.3 EMSC OFFSHORE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 20NOV2025 15:27:55 37.8N 121.9W Mw=3.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 20NOV2025 12:56:29 37.4N 121.8W MD=2.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in Taiwan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Taiwan in Chiayi and Touliu, Yunlin.
O: 20NOV2025 19:43:56 23.6N 120.7E ML=4.3 EMSC TAIWAN
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Central Peru was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Peru with III in Lima and San Luis.
This epicenter is near 103 degrees from the north and south geomagnetic poles
and could have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 20NOV2025 13:18:38 11.5S 75.8W MB=4.5 EMSC CENTRAL PERU
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Central Turkey was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Turkey with II in Gaziantep.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Turkey at Talas, Hasanbeyli, Islahiye, Osmaniye, Kahramanmaras, Kilis, Sainbey, Aruz, Seyhan and in Aleppo, Syria among others.
O: 20NOV2025 09:09:10 37.1N 36.6E MB=4.6 EMSC CENTRAL TURKEY
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in SE Honshu, Japan was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of SE Honshu, Japan with quick shaking in Tokyo and Urayasu.
O: 21NOV2025 03:24:30 35.6N 139.9E ML=4.0 EMSC NEAR S. COAST OF HONSHU,
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Kuril Islands was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Kuril Islands in Shikotan, Russia.
O: 21NOV2025 03:17:08 44.0N 146.9E MB=4.6 EMSC KURIL ISLANDS
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Coquimbo, Chile was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Coquimbo, Chile in Coquimbo and Vicuna.
CSN reported the following parameters for this earthquake.
21-11-2025 02:39 30.71S 71.39W 49 4.4 III Coquimbo at Salamanca, Monte Patria, Ovalle, Andacollo, Combarbala, Rio Hurtado; II in Paiguano, Punitaqui, Illapel, Chile.
O: 21NOV2025 02:39:28 30.7S 71.5W MB=4.5 EMSC COQUIMBO, CHILE
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Afghanistan was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Afghanistan in Pakistan at Chitral, Upper Dir, Saidu Sharif, Bat Khela; in Kabul, Afghanistan and i Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
O: 20NOV2025 21:39:11 36.2N 71.3E MB=4.9 EMSC HINDU KUSH REGION, AFGHANISTAN
O: 20NOV2025 11:49:11 36.5N 71.2E mb=4.2 EMSC HINDU KUSH REGION, AFGHANISTAN
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE FINA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC FINA 2025-11-21 00:00 UT 10.8S 132.4E 80 kts South of New Guinea
Tropical Cyclone Fina continued today in the region south of New Guinea with winds up to 80 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area south of Indonesia. The antipode is at 10N 47W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 20, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
7550 0304 0314 0324 C1.0 (November 20, 2025) 1.4E-03
7640 0324 0335 0339 C1.1 (November 20, 2025) 1.2E-03
7630 0339 0357 0400 C1.4 (November 20, 2025) 2.1E-03
Costa Rica M 4.4 03:49 UT
Guatemala M 4.7, M 4.0 03:44 UT
7620 0400 0411 0419 C1.6 (November 20, 2025) 1.9E-03
Kuril M 4.7 04:17 UT
7580 0723 0732 0736 C1.3 (November 20, 2025) 9.2E-04
El Salvador M 4.6 07:26 UT
Nicaragua M 4.0 07:26 UT
7590 0754 0823 0908 C1.8 (November 20, 2025) 7.2E-03
Central Turkey M 4.6 09:09 UT
Kuril M 4.2 08:05 UT
7600 0921 0928 0934 C1.8 (November 20, 2025) 1.4E-03
7610 0959 1004 1009 C2.3 (November 20, 2025) 1.2E-03
Kamchatka M 4.5 10:09 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active November 21 unsettled November 22 quiet November 23. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 7 4 6 21:00 3 51 121
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 20, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The new moon will arrive today. Global seismicity remains at quiet levels however,
so major seismicity is not expected at this time. Maximum magnitudes with this
new moon will probably not exceed M 6.0. The expected seismic impact of this
alignment was noted in previous issues of this summary as:
"The New Moon will arrive on November 20, 2025 at 06:47 UT. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are near 100 West while those at local solar noon are near 80 East. These include, in the west areas of Central U.S. including western Texas, and central and western Mexico and portions of the East Pacific Rise and in the east in China, Pakistan and India in central Asia, Sumatra including the Nicobar and Andaman and Myanmar areas and in the South Indian Ocean. These are the regions most likely to see tidal triggering at this time and during the next week. Other areas can also be promoted by tidal stresses. These are most likely to occur near local solar noon and midnight." (November 19-21, 2025)
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Guam was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Guam at Yigo with III and in Tamuning with II intensity.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.4 in Costa Rica was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Costa Rica in Chiriqui, Panama at Cerro Punta, Boquete and Rio Sereno.
EMSC reported this earthquake with moderate shaking in Costa Rica at Golfito and Mague, Panama.
O: 19NOV2025 22:13:55 10.3N 86.3W ML=4.4 EMSC OFF COAST OF COSTA RICA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.8 in Central Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Alaska at Delta Junction.
O: 19NOV2025 15:57:19 63.4N 145.4W ML=3.8 EMSC CENTRAL ALASKA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in eastern Washington State was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of eastern Washington State with III in Tonasket.
O: 19NOV2025 12:56:50 48.8N 119.5W ML=2.8 EMSC WASHINGTON
NEIC reported earthquakes of M 4.6 and M 4.5 in Taiwan were felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Hualien, Taiwan.
O: 19NOV2025 12:38:56 24.1N 121.8E mb=4.5 EMSC TAIWAN
O: 19NOV2025 12:25:14 24.1N 121.8E MB=4.6 EMSC TAIWAN
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.3 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California near Templeton, Paso Robles, Atascadero, Cayucos and II in Cambria and Morro Bay.
Discussion on this and the M 4.1 mainshock yesterday appeared in the previous
issue of this summary in part as:
The last earthquake in the area of Templeton, California of M>=4.1
occurred on June 20, 2009. At the time this summary noted:
"An earthquake of M 4.4 occurred southwest of Lake Nacimiento, California today
continuing an activation of southern California which we noted here yesterday.
This earthquake was felt felt with intensity IV in Templeton and Bradley; III at
Atascadero, Paso Robles, Santa Margarita, Santa Cruz, King City, Carmel Valley, San Miguel, San Ardo, Morro Bay,
Cayucos, Cambria, and with intensity II-III within about 100 km of the epicenter.
Lesser intensities were felt in Chico, San Jose, San Ramon, Stanford, Palo Alto,
Lockwood, Big Sur, Salinas, Shandon, Santa Maria, San Simeon, Pismo Beach,
Oceano, Nipomo, Lompoc, Guadalupe, Grover Beach, Creston, Buellton, Arroyo Grande,
San Luis Obispo, Los Osos, Bakersfield, Lemoore, Hanford, Coalinga, Ventura, and
within about 120 km of the epicenter. NEIC reported aftershocks of M 3.3 and 2.1
were felt with similar intensity within about 50 km of the epicenter. These
are probably aftershocks of the M 6.5 earthquake which hit the area of San
Simeon on December 22, 2003 killing two and injuring 47. There were no injuries
or damages reported with today's earthquake although press accounts indicated
residents still found memories of the 2003 event fresh. These anxieties resulted
in at least two people being hospitalized. Alarms went off and glass and pictures
swayed throughout the area. This is the strongest earthquake in this region
since a similar M 4.4 on Dec. 15, 2006. The last event of larger magnitude
was an M 4.5 on May 16, 2005. A smaller event of M 3.6 occurred in
Baja California and was felt with intensity II at Chula Vista, Lemon Grove, Lakeside and Santee,
California. An aftershock of M 3.0 was felt with intensity II at Chula Vista
and Arroyo Grande. Two light earthquakes of M 2.6 and 2.8 were later reported
in the western Los Angeles area. These were felt with maximum intensity III
at Camarillo and II in Hollywood, Malibu, Newbury Park, Westlake Village, Thousand
Oaks and Oak Park, CA." (June 20, 2009)
Today's earthquake in Central California occurred near local solar noon and
may have been promoted by tidal stresses with the upcoming new moon of
November 20, 2025.
The epicenter is located at 103 degrees (node 7) from the recent major earthquakes
in the Drake Passage and the central Philippines and at the fifth node from the
M 6.9 in northern Honshu Japan and may have been promoted by energy from those
sources." (November 19, 2025)
O: 20NOV2025 02:56:15 35.6N 120.8W MD=2.3 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 20NOV2025 02:58:16 35.6N 120.8W MD=2.4 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 19NOV2025 09:00:12 35.6N 120.8W MD=3.3 NEIC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Oaxaca, Mexico was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Oaxaca, Mexico in Puerto Escondido with III and in Oaxaca with II shaking
O: 19NOV2025 08:13:12 16.7N 97.8W MB=4.5 EMSC OAXACA, MEXICO
EMSC reported a series of earthquakes of M 4.7-4.9 in Guatemala was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Guatemala with moderate shaking in Santa Tecla, El Salvador.
This may be related to the current eruption of Volcan de Fuego as noted in the
previous issue of this summary:
"Strong volcanic eruptions occurred today in Semeru. Indonesia where disruption in air traffic occurred, and at Volcan de Fuego,
Guatemala. The eruption in Guatemala was accompanied by ash and lava flows and
was accompanied by loud noises. Volcan de Fuego is one of the most active
volanoes in central America. This volcano is located at 103 degrees from the
strong earthquakes in northern Honshu, Japan and may have been promoted by
energy from that source." (November 19, 2025)
O: 19NOV2025 21:09:30 13.7N 90.4W ML=4.7 EMSC OFFSHORE GUATEMALA
O: 20NOV2025 03:44:35 13.8N 91.8W Mw=4.7 EMSC OFFSHORE GUATEMALA
O: 20NOV2025 03:44:36 14.0N 91.6W mb=4.9 EMSC OFFSHORE GUATEMALA
O: 19NOV2025 22:51:13 15.1N 92.9W ML=4.0 EMSC OFFSHORE CHIAPAS, MEXICO
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in Coquimbo, Chile was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Coquimbo, Chile in La Serena.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE FINA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC FINA 2025-11-20 00:00 UT 10.0S 133.3E 75 kts South of New Guinea
Tropical Cyclone Fina continued today in the region south of New Guinea with winds up to 75 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area south of Indonesia. The antipode is at 10N 47W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 19, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
7450 0929 0953 1012 C9.9 (November 19, 2025) 1.6E-02
7470 1503 1513 1519 C1.2 (November 19, 2025) 1.2E-03
Talaud, Indonesia M 4.0 15:13 UT
7510 2304 2314 2324 C1.0 (November 19, 2025) 1.1E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active November 20-21 unsettled November 22. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 3 0 2 20:00 1 60 123
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 19, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
It was another quiet day in global seismicity. The largest earthquake in the the
world today was an M 5.4 off the coast of Costa Rica. Other earthquakes of
M>=5 today occurred in the Mid-Indian Ridge (M 5.3), Venezuela (M 5.0 ) Bio-Bio, Chile (M 5.0);
and in the Honshu Japan aftershock zone (M 5.0). These global seismic quiet
conditions have now been in effect for 10 days during which the largest
event in the world reached magnitude M 5.7. Seismic quiet periods with no events greater than M 5.7
for at least 10 days occurred from June 28 through July 7, 2025 (9 days); February 14-23, 2024 (9 days);
and August 14-23, 2022 (9 days); June 11-20, 2022 (9 days). There have been
no extended quiet periods such as this in at least five years (the period examined).
The current quiescence generally began with the M 6.9 off the east coast of Honshu,
Japan on November 9, 2025 and an M 6.0 aftershock on November 10, 2025 of M 6.0.
Previoius long seismic quiescence periods ended with an M 6.7 in Snares Island, New Zealand (July 7, 2025);
Afghanistan (M 6.0 June 21, 2022); and an M 6.2 in Sumatra on August 23, 2022.
With the exception of the new moon on November 20, there is no further indication the current quiet period is about to end.
The New Moon will arrive on November 20, 2025 at 06:47 UT. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are near 100 West while those at local solar noon are near 80 East. These include, in the west areas of Central U.S. including western Texas, and central and western Mexico and portions of the East Pacific Rise and in the east in China, Pakistan and India in central Asia, Sumatra including the Nicobar and Andaman and Myanmar areas and in the South Indian Ocean. These are the regions most likely to see tidal triggering at this time and during the next week. Other areas can also be promoted by tidal stresses. These are most likely to occur near local solar noon and midnight.
The largest earthquake today was an M 5.4 in Costa Rica. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Costa Rica at San Rafael, San Jose; III in Palmares, San Isidro, Pejibaye and Alajuela and II in Ipis and Quepos.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Costa Rica at Daniel Flores and in Bajo Boquete and Jaramillo, Panama.
The last earthquake in Costa Rica within about 200 km of this epicenter with
equal or larger magnitude to M 5.4 occurred as an M 5.9 on October 22, 2025.
This earthquake occurred with the previous new moon. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.9 in the region of Costa Rica. NEIC reported it was widely with intensity V in Costa Rica at Cacayas, San Isidro, Colon, San Francisco, San Juan, San Jose, Quepos, Santo Domingo, Heredia, Esparta, Puntarenas, Juntas, Guanacaste, Limon, San Pedro, Ipsis and IV in Heredia, San Antonio, Cinco Esquinas, Tobosi, Paquera, Concepcion, Parrita, Escazu, San Antonio de Desamparados, San Rafael Arriba, San Rafael Abajo, Sabanilla, Guadalupe, San Juan, Mercedes, Cartago, Daniel Flored, Santa Ana, Cahuita, La Suiza, Grecia and many other commumities. It was reportedly felt as far as 400 km in Panama.
This earthquake occurred as Tropical Storm Melissa was gaining energy to the
east in the Caribbean and may have been promoted by energy associated with
this storm as noted in this summary:
"TS MELISSA 2025-10-22 00:00 UT 14.3N 74.6W 50 kts Caribbean Sea" (October 22, 2025)
It occurred near local solar midnight and may have been promoted by tidal
stresses with the new moon of October 21. The expected effects of this new
moon had been previous noted in this summary as:
"The new moon arrived on October 21, 2025 at 12:25 UT. Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time area near 10 West and those which are anti-solar (local solar noon) are near 170 East longitude. These include, in the west the areas of Iceland and western Europe and portions of the central mid-Atlantic near the equator and in the east areas of the New Zealand/Tonga/Fiji/Kermadec and Solomon, Santa Cruz, and Vanuatu Islands, Kamchatka and Northern Japan and the Kurils among others. These include areas where strong tidal effects and help promote strong to major earthquakes and such an event may be expected in the next week." (October 19-21, 2025)
The last earthquake in Costa Rica within about 200 km of this epicenter of M>=5.9
occurred as an M 6.0 on August 24, 2020." (October 22, 2025)
This epicenter is att 145 degrees (node 5) from the recent major earthquakes
in the Central Philippines and at the fifth node from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 18NOV2025 22:36:34 8.9N 84.1W MW=5.4 EMSC OFF COAST OF COSTA RICA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.1 in Central California near Templeton was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California with IV in Templeton, Paso Robles, Atascadero, Morro Bay and III in Santa Margarita, King City, Oceano, San Jose, Grover Beach, San Luis Obispo, Cayucos, Cambria, Creston, Pismo Beach, San Simeon, Los Osos, San Miguel, with II in Lompoc, Hollister, Nipomo, Chino, Monterey, among others.
EMSC reported it was felt strongly in California at Atascadero, Paso Robles, Morro Bay, San Miguel, Santa Margarita, Arroyo Grande, Kerman, Goshen, Bakersfield, Merced, Alum Rock among
others. Some worried that it could be a precursor to a larger event in
central California. Such event could occur but is more likely to the north
in the San Francisco Bay area where a number of light earthquakes have
been occurring in recent days especially near local solar noon and midnight.
Today's earthquake is the strongest within about 75 km of this epicenter in
Central California since an M 4.4 on June 20, 2009.
A series of light aftershocks suggests that a second moderate quake in the
area is possible in this series.
A strong earthquake of M 6.6 hit near today's epicenter on December 22, 2003.
At the time this summary noted:
"A strong earthquake of M 6.5 was recorded by the Northern California Seismic
Network (NCSN), the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN), the Advanced
National Seismic System (ANSS) and many other seismic networks today. This
earthquake and up to 400 aftershocks of M>2 are occurring in the region of
Central California and offshore Central California according to the National
Earthquake Information Service (NEIS). AP and CNN news reports indicate that
damage was extensive in the Paso Robles and San Simeon areas with at least
two deaths reported. Felt effects were centered south of San Francisco to
the Los Angeles area and were strongest (intensity VIII - damage strongly
...
felt - NEIS) in the westernmost Los Angeles Basin.
During the past two weeks however, (this summary) has published an advisory
for a felt event in California which was expected around Dec. 21. That
advisory is reproduced below.
...
Our advisory regarding a possible event at this time which was originally published on this
web site on Dec. 9 and republished this past weekend on Dec. 18 and 19 in this
summary follows.
...
this summary has some indicators which suggest
felt earthquakes may occur south of San Francisco around December 21
... and in the western Los Angeles basin during the week of Dec. 21-27 ..." (December 22, 2003)
The last earthquake in the area of Templeton, California of M>=4.1
occurred on June 20, 2009. At the time this summary noted:
"An earthquake of M 4.4 occurred southwest of Lake Nacimiento, California today
continuing an activation of southern California which we noted here yesterday.
This earthquake was felt felt with intensity IV in Templeton and Bradley; III at
Atascadero, Paso Robles, Santa Margarita, Santa Cruz, King City, Carmel Valley, San Miguel, San Ardo, Morro Bay,
Cayucos, Cambria, and with intensity II-III within about 100 km of the epicenter.
Lesser intensities were felt in Chico, San Jose, San Ramon, Stanford, Palo Alto,
Lockwood, Big Sur, Salinas, Shandon, Santa Maria, San Simeon, Pismo Beach,
Oceano, Nipomo, Lompoc, Guadalupe, Grover Beach, Creston, Buellton, Arroyo Grande,
San Luis Obispo, Los Osos, Bakersfield, Lemoore, Hanford, Coalinga, Ventura, and
within about 120 km of the epicenter. NEIC reported aftershocks of M 3.3 and 2.1
were felt with similar intensity within about 50 km of the epicenter. These
are probably aftershocks of the M 6.5 earthquake which hit the area of San
Simeon on December 22, 2003 killing two and injuring 47. There were no injuries
or damages reported with today's earthquake although press accounts indicated
residents still found memories of the 2003 event fresh. These anxieties resulted
in at least two people being hospitalized. Alarms went off and glass and pictures
swayed throughout the area. This is the strongest earthquake in this region
since a similar M 4.4 on Dec. 15, 2006. The last event of larger magnitude
was an M 4.5 on May 16, 2005. A smaller event of M 3.6 occurred in
Baja California and was felt with intensity II at Chula Vista, Lemon Grove, Lakeside and Santee,
California. An aftershock of M 3.0 was felt with intensity II at Chula Vista
and Arroyo Grande. Two light earthquakes of M 2.6 and 2.8 were later reported
in the western Los Angeles area. These were felt with maximum intensity III
at Camarillo and II in Hollywood, Malibu, Newbury Park, Westlake Village, Thousand
Oaks and Oak Park, CA." (June 20, 2009)
Today's earthquake in Central California occurred near local solar noon and
may have been promoted by tidal stresses with the upcoming new moon of
November 20, 2025.
The epicenter is located at 103 degrees (node 7) from the recent major earthquakes
in the Drake Passage and the central Philippines and at the fifth node from the
M 6.9 in northern Honshu Japan and may have been promoted by energy from those
sources.
O: 18NOV2025 17:54:30 35.6N 120.8W MW=4.1 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 18NOV2025 18:06:18 35.6N 120.8W MD=2.2 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 18NOV2025 18:09:47 35.6N 120.8W MD=2.3 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
An M 2.6 occurred today in the San Francisco Bay area of California - an aftershock
of an M 3.3 there yesterday. In the previous issue of this summary it had been noted as:
"NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.3 in the San Francisco Bay area, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the San Francisco Bay area, California was widely felt with intensity IV in California at Hayward, III in San Ramon, Diablo, Oakland, Dublin, Livermore, Danville, Vallejo, San Jose, Pleasanton, Walnut Creek, Castro Valley and II in Alameda, Union City, Oakland, San Francisco, Emeryville, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Moraga, Campbell, Lafayette, Pinole, Milpitas, Alamo among others.
This earthquake follows a near-midnight (local solar time) pattern discussed
in previous issues of this summary as:
"It is of some interest that the X1.7 flare which appears to have triggered the
M 6.8 in Northern Honshu, Japan occurred while the area of San Francisco
and the western U.S. was near local solar midnight. This summary has
argued on several recent previous occasions that such a flare could trigger
a moderate earthquake in that area. Readers should be aware of this possibility" (November 10, 2025)
It is of some interest that the strongest aftershock of the M 3.3 in San
Francisco - of M 2.6 - occurred within several minutes of local solar midnight.
This earthquake was felt with intensity III in Castro Valley,Dublin and II in Todeo, San Ramon, Danville, San Francisco and Livermore." (November 18, 2025)
O: 18NOV2025 06:47:34 37.8N 122.0W ML=3.3 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 18NOV2025 06:47:34 37.8N 122.0W ML=3.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 18NOV2025 08:08:02 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.6 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.7 in Northern Kansas was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Northern Kansas with IV in Dorrance, III in Luray, Wilson and II in Wichita.
This epicenter is located at 103 degrees from the Drake Passage and may have
been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 19NOV2025 05:44:44 38.9N 98.5W ML=2.7 EMSC KANSAS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in the aftershock zone of northern Honshu, Japan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the aftershock zone of northern Honshu, Japan with II in Obihiro, Hokkaido.
O: 19NOV2025 02:23:18 39.2N 143.5E MB=5.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.0 in the San Francisco Bay, California area was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the San Francisco Bay, California area with intensity III in San Jose, Milpitas, and II in Mount Hamilton.
O: 19NOV2025 01:48:36 37.3N 121.7W MD=2.9 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 19NOV2025 01:48:36 37.3N 121.7W MD=3.0 NEIC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 in Venezuela was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Venezuela in Mucurapo Diego Martin Trinidad and Tobago.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Trinidad and Tobago at Petit Valley.
O: 19NOV2025 01:38:51 10.8N 62.7W MW=5.0 EMSC OFFSHORE SUCRE, VENEZUELA
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in Central Philippines was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Consolacion, Basak, Mandaue, Philippines.
Strong volcanic eruptions occurred today in Indonesia, and at Volcan de Fuego,
Guatemala. The eruption in Guatemala was accompanied by ash and lava flows and
was accompanied by loud noises. Volcan de Fuego is one of the most active
volcanoes in central America. Volcan de Fuego is at 103 degrees from northern Honshu, Japan and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE FINA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC FINA 2025-11-19 00:00 UT 9.5S 133.2E 80 kts South of New Guinea
Tropical Cyclone Fina formed today in the region south of New Guinea with winds up to 80 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area. The antipode is at 10N 47W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 18, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
7260 0020 0044 0138 C1.5 (November 18, 2025) 6.4E-03
Santa Cruz Is. M 4.6 00:20 UT
Kermadec Is. M 4.9 00:55 UT
7270 0138 0141 0144 C1.3 (November 18, 2025) 6.1E-04
7280 0212 0220 0225 C1.3 (November 18, 2025) 1.1E-03
Myanmar M 4.0 02:12 UT
7290 0306 0325 0334 C2.2 (November 18, 2025) 3.0E-03
7300 0404 0409 0413 C1.2 (November 18, 2025) 5.8E-04
Xizang M 4.2 04:15 UT
7320 0530 0535 0538 C1.5 (November 18, 2025) 6.0E-04
7350 1027 1033 1038 C1.5 (November 18, 2025) 9.2E-04
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active November 19-21. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 5 4 4 07:00 3 66 120
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 18, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
It was another quiet day in global seismicity. The largest earthquake in the
world today was an M 5.3 in Nicaragua, but several events of M 5.0-5.1 also occurred
suggesting that the strong quiet period in global seismicity which began
10 days ago after the strong quakes off northeastern Honshu, Japan. This
quiet has accompanied the strongest geomagnetic storm in more than a year
and is probably related to the disturbance in the geomagnetic field
associated with that storm.
The New Moon will arrive on November 20, 2025 at 06:47 UT. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are near 100 West while those at local solar noon are near 80 East. These include, in the west areas of Central U.S. including western Texas, and central and western Mexico and portions of the East Pacific Rise and in the east in China, Pakistan and India in central Asia, Sumatra including the Nicobar and Andaman and Myanmar areas and in the South Indian Ocean. These are the regions most likely to see tidal triggering at this time and during the next week. Other areas can also be promoted by tidal stresses. These are most likely to occur near local solar noon and midnight.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.3 in the San Francisco Bay area, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the San Francisco Bay area, California was widely felt with intensity IV in California at Hayward, III in San Ramon, Diablo, Oakland, Dublin, Livermore, Danville, Vallejo, San Jose, Pleasanton, Walnut Creek, Castro Valley and II in Alameda, Union City, Oakland, San Francisco, Emeryville, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Moraga, Campbell, Lafayette, Pinole, Milpitas, Alamo among others.
This earthquake follows a near-midnight (local solar time) pattern discussed
in previous issues of this summary as:
"It is of some interest that the X1.7 flare which appears to have triggered the
M 6.8 in Northern Honshu, Japan occurred while the area of San Francisco
and the western U.S. was near local solar midnight. This summary has
argued on several recent previous occasions that such a flare could trigger
a moderate earthquake in that area. Readers should be aware of this possibility" (November 10, 2025)
It is of some interest that the strongest aftershock of the M 3.3 in San
Francisco - of M 2.6 - occurred within several minutes of local solar midnight.
This earthquake was felt with intensity III in Castro Valley,Dublin and II in Todeo, San Ramon, Danville, San Francisco and Livermore.
O: 18NOV2025 06:47:34 37.8N 122.0W ML=3.3 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 18NOV2025 06:47:34 37.8N 122.0W ML=3.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 18NOV2025 08:08:02 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.6 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in the Alaska Peninsula was nor reported felt
This is the strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today.
O: 18NOV2025 07:08:28 54.6N 160.1W MB=4.5 EMSC ALASKA PENINSULA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.7 in Wyoming was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Wyoning with possible intensity up to IV in Little America, Wyoming.
O: 17NOV2025 23:39:39 41.6N 109.9W ML=3.5 EMSC WYOMING
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in the Aegean Sea was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Aegean Sea in Attiki, Greece with III in Zografos, Nea Smirni, Drapetsona and II in Kipseli.
O: 17NOV2025 21:04:10 39.0N 24.2E MW=4.5 EMSC AEGEAN SEA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.2 in northern Honshu, Japan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of northern Honshu, Japan at Kitakami, Iwate.
O: 17NOV2025 19:06:34 39.8N 143.1E MW=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPA
O: 18NOV2025 02:05:52 39.3N 142.4E ML=4.3 EMSC NEAR EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.3 in Nicaragua was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Nicaragua with IV in Villa El Carmen, Managua and Santa Cruz Guanacasta, Costa Rica. It was felw felt in Nicaragua with intensity III in Leon, Managua, San Juan del Sur RivasDiriamba, Tipitapa and San Juna de Oriente Masaya and in Samara, Costa Rica and Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
EMSC reported this earthquake of M 5.3 in Nicaragua was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Costa Rica with moderate shaking in Bajo Boquete, Panama.
This epicenter is located at the fifth node (145 degrees) from the central Philippines and 72 degrees (node 5)
from the Drake Passage and at the third node from the South Geomagnetic Pole and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 17NOV2025 17:23:03 12.1N 86.6W MW=5.3 EMSC NICARAGUA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.4 in Baja California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Baja California, Mexico at Puebla.
O: 17NOV2025 10:16:45 32.3N 115.2W ML=3.3 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 17NOV2025 10:16:45 32.3N 115.2W ML=3.4 NEIC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 17NOV2025 10:57:19 31.5N 115.6W ML=3.3 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in Greece was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Greece with a loud noise in Lefkada, Karya, Nikiana, Preveza, Nidhrion, Mytikas Agrinio.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE FINA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC FINA 2025-11-18 00:00 UT 9.8S 131.8E 55 kts South of New Guinea
Tropical Cyclone Fina formed today in the region south of New Guinea with winds up to 55 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area. The antipode is at 10N 49W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 17, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
7000 0123 0130 0135 C7.5 (November 17, 2025) 3.2E-03
Aegean Sea M 1.5 01:23 UT
Southern California M 2.1 01:25 UT
7010 0217 0222 0226 C2.0 (November 17, 2025) 1.0E-03
7020 0419 0427 0430 C1.3 (November 17, 2025) 7.6E-04
El Salvador M 4.2 04:22 UT
7060 0608 0611 0616 C1.5 (November 17, 2025) 7.5E-04
Central California M 2.6 06:13 UT
7070 0641 0648 0653 C1.6 (November 17, 2025) 1.0E-03
7090 0800 0809 0812 C1.7 (November 17, 2025) 8.7E-04
Fiji M 4.2 08:08 UT
Virgin Is. M 3.4 08:00 UT
7120 1035 1041 1046 C1.2 (November 17, 2025) 7.9E-04
7130 1312 1322 1341 C2.1 (November 17, 2025) 3.4E-03
7220 1431 1606 1703 C6.1 (November 17, 2025) 3.5E-02
7170 1649 1654 1658 C5.4 (November 17, 2025) 3.1E-03
Venezuela M 3.9 16:47 UT
7230 2027 2034 2041 C1.2 (November 17, 2025) 9.9E-04
Aegean Sea M 4.5 21:04 UT
7250 2309 2313 2318 C1.6 (November 17, 2025) 8.3E-04
Ecuador M 4.2 23:13 UT
Wyoming M 3.6 23:39 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active November 18 quiet November 19-20. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 11 8 9 07:00 3 45 122
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 17, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
It was another quiet day in global seismicity. The largest earthquake in the
world today was an M 5.3, but several events of M 5.0-5.1 also occurred
suggesting that the strong quiet period in global seismicity which began
10 days ago after the strong quakes off northeastern Honshu, Japan. This
quiet has accompanied the strongest geomagnetic storm in more than a year
and is probably related to the disturbance in the geomagnetic field
associated with that storm. The strongest solar flare today occurred within
minutes of 08:00 UT (M3.1 #6910) when the longitudes near 120W area at local solar midnight
and those at local solar noon are near 60 East longitude. The timing of this
solar flare exactly matches an X4.0 solar flare on November 14, 2025 (#6400 X4.0) and
a series on November 11, 2025 which included the strongest solar flare in
more than a year (X5.1) and appears to set the current seismic quiet in
strong motion. All of these have occurred within an hour of 08:00 UT.
This repetition of solar flares with recurrence around 1 day is unusual and
may be coincidental. The third strongest flare of November 17 also occurred
in this time period but was considerably smaller than the X- and M-class
flares that preceded it near 08:00 UT. Other explanations need more data and unconvoluted
explanations.
Following are the parameters from SWPC for these flares:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6910 0749 0817 0832 M3.1 (November 16, 2025) 4.1E-02
Oaxaca M 4.1 08:37 UT M 4.0 08:45 UT
6400 0733 0830 0944 X4.0 (November 14, 2025) 3.7E-01 *
Guadeloupe M 4.5 07:49 UT
Myanmar M 3.4 07:38 UT
Sea of Japan M 4.4 07:57 UT
San Francisco M 2.3 08:10 UT
Mammoth Lakes M 2.6 08:46 UT
Chiapas M 4.0 09:03 UT
5430 0732 0741 0747 C4.8 (November 11, 2025) 3.2E-03
Southern Peru M 4.8 07:45 UT
5440 0802 0809 0813 M1.4 (November 11, 2025) 5.7E-03
5450 0833 0838 0843 C6.8 (November 11, 2025) 3.2E-03
5520 0949 1001 1251 X5.1 (November 11, 2025) 3.9E-01
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.5-3.8 in Denali National Park, Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Denali National Park, Alaska at Healy and Cantwell and II in Anchorage.
This epicenter is at the eighth node (45 degrees) from the M 6.9 in northern
Honshu, Japan and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 17NOV2025 06:57:40 63.7N 149.2W ML=3.8 EMSC CENTRAL ALASKA
O: 17NOV2025 06:57:40 63.7N 149.2W ML=3.5 NEIC CENTRAL ALASKA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.7 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in Hollister.
This epicenter is at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the M 6.9 in northern
Honshu, Japan and at 103 degrees from Central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 17NOV2025 06:13:40 36.7N 121.3W MD=2.7 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in El Salvador was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of El Salvador in Santiago de Maria, Usulutan.
This epicenter is at the third node from the South Geomagnetic Pole and at the fourth
node from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 17NOV2025 04:22:30 13.0N 88.8W MB=4.2 EMSC OFFSHORE EL SALVADOR
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in Rat Islands, Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Rat Islands, Alaska.
This was the largest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today.
This epicenter is at the third node from the South Geomagnetic Pole; the 10th
node from the North Geomagnetic Pole (36 degrees) and the sixth node (60 degrees)
from recent strong to major earthquakes in the Central Philippines and may
have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 16NOV2025 21:01:14 51.8N 178.7E ML=4.3 EMSC RAT ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in Dominican Repubic was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Dominican Repubic with IV in Luperon, Puerto Plata and II in Pedro Garcia, Santiago.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Sosua, Dominican Republic.
This epicenter is located at the fifth node (72 degree) from the North Geomagnetic
pole and at the fifth node (145 degrees) from recent major earthquakes in the Central Philippines
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 16NOV2025 19:59:38 19.9N 71.0W MB=4.2 EMSC DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in Guam was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Guam at Tamuning.
This epicenter is at the fifth node (72 degrees) fro the North Geomagnetic Pole
and may have been promoted by energy from that source and the recent geomagnetic
storms.
O: 16NOV2025 10:07:01 12.8N 143.2E MB=4.8 EMSC GUAM REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.1-4.2 in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the northern Gulf of California, Mexico.
O: 17NOV2025 04:14:51 31.5N 114.4W ML=3.5 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 16NOV2025 20:25:30 31.6N 114.6W ML=3.6 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 16NOV2025 20:46:31 31.6N 114.6W ML=3.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 16NOV2025 21:16:18 31.6N 114.6W ML=3.5 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 16NOV2025 20:34:06 31.7N 114.7W ML=3.4 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 16NOV2025 22:06:20 31.7N 114.8W ML=3.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 16NOV2025 22:27:43 31.7N 114.6W ML=3.1 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
P: 13NOV2025 177097 30.2N 114.1W 2.0-4.1 BAAAA SW U.S.A
The strongest earthquakes of the day occurred in the East Pacific Rise southwest
of the Galapagos (M 5.0) and north of this in the Revilla Gigedo Islands of
Mexico (M 5.2). These were not reported felt in these epicentral areas.
The last earthquake of M>=5.2 within about 200 km of today's M 5.2 was
recorded as an M 5.9 and M 5.4 on May 28, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"Two moderately strong earthquake occurred today with M 5.8 and 5.9 in the Revillo Gigedo Islands of western Mexico. These events were at 19 North latitude and are likely related to strong tidal stresses with the new moon a this sub-solar position.
These were the strongest earthquakes in the world today. A foreshock of M 4.2 occurred early on May 27.
NEIC reported the largest of these were felt with likely intensity IV in the
epicentral area off the west coast of Mexico. The first (M 5.8) occurred
when this epicenter was near local solar noon and was near sub-solar at the time." (May 28, 2025)
Like the M 5.8 on May 27, 2025 today's event occurred with in 15 minutes of
22:00 UT and may have been promoted by tidal and/or geomagnetic stresses
which maximize near this hour. This epicenter is located at the third node
(120 degrees) from the south Geomagnetic pole and central Philipines; at the fifth node (72 degrees)
from the North Geomagnetic pole and Kamchatka (72 degrees) an the fourth node
(90 degrees) from the Drake Passage and Northern Honshu, Japan and may have been
promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 16NOV2025 21:44:11 19.6N 108.9W MW=5.2 EMSC REVILLA GIGEDO ISLANDS REGION
The earthquake of M 5.0 in the Central East Pacific Rise was the largest
recorded within about 200 km of this epicenter since an M 5.8 on February 18, 2021 and
prior to that an M 5.5 on November 26, 2012. At the time this summary noted:
"The second strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.8 in the Central East Pacific Rise. It was not felt in this remote area.
This is the strongest earthquake within about 300 km of this epicenter since
an M 5.8 on June 23, 2011. The last, and only event in the region of larger
magnitude in the past 30 years was an M 6.0 on October 30, 2008. Today's
event occurred within about 15 minutes of local solar noon and may have been
promoted by high tidal stresses which maximize near this hour." (February 18, 2021)
This epicenter is located at 103 degrees from the North Geomagnetic Pole and
Kamchatka and at the fourth node from the South Geomagnetic Poile and the
sixth node (60 degrees) from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by energy
from those sources.
O: 17NOV2025 00:46:17 11.0S 106.4W MB=5.0 EMSC CENTRAL EAST PACIFIC RISE
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in Western Turkey was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Western Turkey in Sindirgi, Bigadic, Balikesir, Gorukle, Izmir, Beylikduzu, Buyukcekmece, Corlu and Taraki, Sakarya.
O: 17NOV2025 00:32:48 39.2N 28.2E ML=4.0 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Costa Rica was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Costa Rica with moderate shaking in Bajo Boquete, Panama.
This epicenter is located at the fifth node (145 degrees) from the central Philippines and 72 degrees (node 5)
from the Drake Passage and at the third node from the South Geomagnetic Pole and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 16NOV2025 11:51:58 8.9N 83.1W MB=4.5 EMSC COSTA RICA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 16, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6820 0007 0020 0032 C2.9 (November 16, 2025) 4.0E-03
6830 0032 0107 0123 C7.2 (November 16, 2025) 1.6E-02
Central Peru M 4.0 00:31 UT
6860 0240 0245 0250 C3.6 (November 16, 2025) 2.0E-03
Kamchatka M 4.8 02:57 UT
Sumbawa M 4.0 02:59 UT
6870 0350 0358 0403 C1.4 (November 16, 2025) 1.1E-03
New Zealand M 3.5 03:53 UT
6880 0409 0417 0422 C1.5 (November 16, 2025) 1.1E-03
Java M 4.0 04:17 UT
6890 0436 0447 0452 C2.1 (November 16, 2025) 1.7E-03
6900 0506 0512 0517 C1.4 (November 16, 2025) 9.7E-04
6910 0749 0817 0832 M3.1 (November 16, 2025) 4.1E-02
Oaxaca M 4.1 08:37 UT M 4.0 08:45 UT
6930 1508 1525 1537 C2.8 (November 16, 2025) 3.7E-03
North Island, N.Z. M 3.7 15:09 UT M 3.9 15:16 UT
Fiji M 4.5 15:43 UT
6940 1624 1637 1640 C3.7 (November 16, 2025) 3.3E-03
Kuril Is. M 4.5 16:23 UT
Kamchatka M 4.2 16:26 UT
Alaska Peninsula M 3.8 16:31 UT
New Guinea M 4.9 16:38 UT
6970 1640 1646 1651 C4.0 (November 16, 2025) 3.0E-03
New Guinea M 4.9 16:38 UT
6960 1852 1905 1913 C3.9 (November 16, 2025) 3.9E-03
6980 1940 1947 2004 C4.4 (November 16, 2025) 5.2E-03
Kashmir M 4.5 19:56 UT
Dominican Republic M 4.2 19:59 UT
Kuril Is. M 4.3 20:00 UT
6990 2136 2151 2214 C3.8 (November 16, 2025) 7.7E-03
Tonga M 5.0 21:39 UT
Revilla Gigedo Is. M 5.2 21:44 UT
Gulf of California M 3.2 22:06 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 17 active November 18 unsettled November 19. Solar M-flare chance: 55% X-class: 15% proton storm: 10%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 18 25 13 08:00 6 66 132
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 16, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
It was a particularly quiet day today in global seismicity - perhaps to finish
off the quiet period that coincided with the recent major geomagnetic storms.
The largest earthquake of the day was an M 5.0 in the South Sandwich
Islands, the only event of M>=5 during the past 24 hours. This quiet is
expected to be overcome by seismic strain resulting in a strong earthquake
in the next several days.
The M 5.0 in the South Sandwich Islands is at the sixth node (60 degrees) from the South Geomagnetic Pole and
at 144 degrees from the resting eye of Typhoon Fung-Wong as well as being nearly
antipodal to the major activity in Kamchatka and may have been promoted by
energy associated with those sources.
O: 16NOV2025 00:00:13 55.4S 27.5W ML=5.0 EMSC SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS REGION
Sakurajima Volcano erupted today in southwestern Japan. This occurred as the remnants
of Typhoon Fung-Wong were passing through the area. This is a strong eruption.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.5 in San Francisco, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of San Francisco, California with III in San Ramon.
Like many recent earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay area this was closely
associated with a solar flare. It occurred towards the end of the strongest
solar flare of the day - a C8.7 (#6760). This triggering is likely to
be happening because stress is building to a breaking point in this area.
SWPC reported the following parameters for this flare:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6760 2242 2251 2255 C8.7 (November 15, 2025) 3.7E-03
San Francisco Bay, M 2.5 22:56 UT
O: 15NOV2025 22:56:54 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.5 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 3.6-4.1 in Ontario, Canada.
NEIC reported it was likely felt near Moosonee, Canada with intensity up to IV.
The only earthquake in the past 35 years of M>=4.1 within about 250 km of this
epicenter in Ontario occurred as an M 4.2 on May 2, 2012. At the time this
summary noted:
"An earthquake early on May 2 in Ontario of M 3.9 was reported by NEIC to have
been felt with intensity III in Moose Factory, Ontario. This is the strongest
earthquake within 500 of this epicenter since an M 4.2 on December 7, 2006 about
300 km to the south. No other events of M>3.9 have hit this region in the
past 22 years." (May 2, 2012)
This epicenter is at 103 degrees from the dissipation point of Typhoon Fung-Wong and may have been
promoted by energy from that source.
O: 15NOV2025 09:58:36 51.6N 80.4W ML=3.6 EMSC ONTARIO, CANADA
O: 15NOV2025 09:58:36 51.6N 80.4W ML=4.1 NEIC ONTARIO, CANADA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Washington State was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Washington State with II in Tonasket.
O: 15NOV2025 09:36:41 48.8N 119.5W ML=2.8 EMSC WASHINGTON
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Coquimbo, Chile was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Coquimbo, Chile in Coquimbo and Vina del Mar.
This earthquake occurred within minutes of local solar noon and was possibly
promoted by tidal and/or geomagnetic stress which maximize near this hour.
O: 15NOV2025 16:45:07 30.6S 72.0W MW=4.6 EMSC OFFSHORE COQUIMBO, CHILE
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in Bali, Indonesia was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Bali, Indonesia in Pondokkaha, Bualu, Sanur and Banjar Medura.
O: 15NOV2025 13:33:34 9.4S 115.6E ML=4.0 EMSC SOUTH OF BALI, INDONESIA
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in Central Philippines was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Central Philippines with a strong short shaking at Maricabn, Consolacion, Apas, Talisay, and San Fernando, Cebu.
This epicenter is near the fifth node (52 degrees) from the north and South Geomagnetic Pole
and at the seventh node from Kamchatka and was likely promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 15NOV2025 07:38:39 11.3N 123.9E MB=4.9 EMSC VISAYAN SEA, PHILIPPINES
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in Western Turkey was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Western Turkey in Gordes, Demirci, Akhisar, Soma, Balikesir, Kula, Usak, Gorukle, Nilufer, among others.
This epicenter is at the fourth node (90 degrees) from central Philippine and at the
seventh node from the North Geomagnetic Pole and was probably promoted by
energy from those sources.
O: 15NOV2025 08:08:27 39.2N 28.3E ML=4.0 NEIC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 15NOV2025 08:46:18 39.2N 28.3E ML=4.4 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 15, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6630 0131 0137 0140 C2.0 (November 15, 2025) 1.0E-03
6640 0241 0249 0252 C4.7 (November 15, 2025) 2.2E-03
Mongolia M 4.0 02:39 UT
Kermadec M 4.5 02:58 UT
6660 0524 0528 0531 C6.2 (November 15, 2025) 2.5E-03
Talaud M 5.4 05:33 UT
6680 1252 1257 1303 C2.1 (November 15, 2025) 1.5E-03
Honshu M 4.1 13:03 UT
6690 1315 1321 1324 C2.2 (November 15, 2025) 1.1E-03
Kuril Is. M 4.5 13:32 UT
Bali M 4.0 13:34 UT
6700 1410 1424 1429 C2.2 (November 15, 2025) 2.2E-03
6710 1509 1517 1526 C1.6 (November 15, 2025) 1.7E-03
6720 1715 1721 1725 C1.8 (November 15, 2025) 1.1E-03
6730 1857 1902 1904 C1.7 (November 15, 2025) 7.7E-04
6740 2020 2038 2050 C2.4 (November 15, 2025) 4.3E-03
Revilla Gigedo Is. M 4.2 20:27 UT
6750 2050 2114 2128 C3.5 (November 15, 2025) 6.9E-03
6760 2242 2251 2255 C8.7 (November 15, 2025) 3.7E-03
San Francisco Bay, M 2.5 22:56 UT
Winward Is. M 4.4 23:05 UT
6770 2306 2309 2312 C3.7 (November 15, 2025) 1.4E-03
6800 2324 2329 2334 C2.8 (November 15, 2025) 1.5E-03
Central California M 2.2 23:30 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 16-17 active November 18. Solar M-flare chance: 60% X-class: 20% proton storm: 15%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 9 12 7 08:00 4 97 132
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 15, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
Global seismicity remained quiet today with the strongest earthquake of the
day an M 5.7 in Tonga. Even an X4.0 solar flare mid-day did not ruffle the
feathers of today's seismicity. This quiet period is probably due to the
very strong geomagnetic storm of the past several days and is likely to
see a return to active conditions in the next two days. Parameters
for today's X4.0 solar flare from SWPC follow:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6400 0733 0830 0944 X4.0 (November 14, 2025) 3.7E-01 *
Guadeloupe M 4.5 07:49 UT
Myanmar M 3.4 07:38 UT
Sea of Japan M 4.4 07:57 UT
San Francisco M 2.3 08:10 UT
Mammoth Lakes M 2.6 08:46 UT
Chiapas M 4.0 09:03 UT
Near the peak of this flare and at local solar midnight in San Francisco, California,
an M 2.3 earthquake was recorded. This earthquake was reported by NEIC to have
been felt with intensity III in Fremont and II in Newark, Mountain View, Hayward and Danville, California
east of San Francisco Bay. It was probably triggered by SFE from the X4.0 solar
flare which was nearing maximum output when the quake occurred within minutes
of local solar midnight.
O: 14NOV2025 08:10:03 37.6N 122.0W MD=2.3 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 13, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6350 0226 0232 0236 C1.5 (November 14, 2025) 9.2E-04
Honshu M 3.9 02:26 UT
6360 0347 0351 0353 C1.4 (November 14, 2025) 6.7E-04
6400 0733 0830 0944 X4.0 (November 14, 2025) 3.7E-01 *
Guadeloupe M 4.5 07:49 UT
Myanmar M 3.4 07:38 UT
Sea of Japan M 4.4 07:57 UT
San Francisco M 2.3 08:10 UT
Mammoth Lakes M 2.6 08:46 UT
Chiapas M 4.0 09:03 UT
6480 1458 1503 1507 C3.0 (November 14, 2025) 1.4E-03
Honshu M 4.7 15:02 UT
6490 1604 1610 1614 C1.6 (November 14, 2025) 1.0E-03
6500 1622 1631 1635 C2.7 (November 14, 2025) 1.8E-03
6510 1636 1641 1645 C3.2 (November 14, 2025) 1.7E-03
6520 1659 1702 1704 C2.6 (November 14, 2025) 1.0E-03
Greenland Sea M 4.1 17:00 UT
6530 1708 1716 1723 C2.5 (November 14, 2025) 2.3E-03
6540 1748 1755 1804 C3.8 (November 14, 2025) 3.6E-03
6550 1841 1845 1848 C2.4 (November 14, 2025) 1.1E-03
Kuril Islands M 4.8 18:45 UT M 5.2 18:41 UT
6560 1859 1908 1919 C2.3 (November 14, 2025) 2.5E-03
Tonga M 5.7 19:09 UT
6570 2004 2012 2016 M1.3 (November 14, 2025) 5.1E-03
6580 2051 2059 2106 C4.7 (November 14, 2025) 2.8E-03
6590 2122 2131 2134 M1.3 (November 14, 2025) 5.0E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 15-17. Solar M-flare chance: 60% X-class: 35% proton storm: 20%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 5 3 4 03:00 2 114 145
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 14, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A strong geomagnetic excursion was recorded on GOES satellites starting about 13:50 UT
on November 13, 2025. The strength of the field at GOES 19 went from about 90 nT at
13:50 UT to 225 nT at 14:40 UT. Otherwise the AP (Planetary A-Value) reached
63 continuing the strong geomagnetic storm which began on November 12.
It is likely that strong to major earthquakes will be inhibited for the
next three days while the geomagnetic field returns to quiet levels. After
the 15-16 of November 2025 a strong to major earthquake could occur.
This would most likely occur near the geomagnetic equator or at high latitudes.
A strong solar flare could bring the end of the current
seismic quiet period - depending on where sub- and anti-solar latitudes
are if and when such an event occurs.
Two light earthquakes shook the region of San Francisco, California today. These events of M 3.5 and 2.5
were reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity up to IV in the San Francisco area at Vallejo, San Anselmo,
Crockett, Benicia, and III in Pinole, Richmond, Rodeo, Hercules, Martinez, Berkeley, American Canyon, Orinda, Burlingame, Lafayette, Pleasant Hill, Walnut Creek, El Sobrante, Concord, San Ramon, Half Moon Bay, San Francisco, San Pablo, Alamo, Concord, Walnut Creek, Emeryville, among others.
These two earthquakes occurred at local solar midnight (M 2.5) and local solar
noon (M 3.5) and were probably promoted by geomagnetic and/or tidal stresses
which maximize near these hours. This continues a pattern of light earthquakes
in San Francisco over the past several weeks near local solar midnight and
Noon and could indicate the area is very close to a major rupture. Hair-triggering
in the area is especially notable at times of strong X-class flares. The X5.1
flare of November 11, 2025, the strongest in months, occurred while
San Francisco was near local solar midnight as noted in previous issues of
this summary:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5520 0949 1001 1251 X5.1 (November 11, 2025) 3.9E-01
The M 3.5 today in San Francisco, California is the strongest in that region
since an M 3.8 on November 9, 2025. At the time this summary noted in this regard:
"The area of San Francisco was at exactly midnight local solar time when the
X1.7 flare occurred earlier in the day. This had been noted in the previous
issue of this summary as:
"It is of some interest that the X1.7 flare which appears to have triggered the
M 6.8 in Northern Honshu, Japan occurred while the area of San Francisco
and the western U.S. was near local solar midnight. This summary has
argued on several recent previous occasions that such a flare could trigger
a moderate earthquake in that area. Readers should be aware of this possibility
in the next several days." (November 9, 2025)
This epicenter is located at node four (90 degrees) from the current position of Typhoon Fung-Wong;
at the seevnth node from the north geomagnetic Pole and Kamchatka (52 degrees);
at the fifth node from Honshu Japan (72 degrees) and 102 degrees from Mindanaao, Philippines
and was likely promoted by energy from those multiple sources.
O: 13NOV2025 20:41:15 38.1N 122.2W MW=3.4 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 14NOV2025 08:10:03 37.6N 122.0W MD=2.3 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.7 in the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge.
It was not reported felt in this remote area. This event occurred within minutes
of local solar midnight and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
Today's event of M 5.7 is the strongest within about 200 km of this epicenter
since an M 6.3 on April 2, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
" ... the strongest earthquake of the day was an M 6.3 on the Pacific-Antarctic
Ridge (at 142W longitude) was near local solar noon at the time of this flare.
While it occurred about two hours after the flare it is most likely
triggered by SFE from flare 3220.
The last earthquake in this area of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge with M>=6.3
was recorded by NEIC as occurring on October 30, 2010 with M 6.3. Other
events in the area of equal or larger magnitude in the past 35 years all
occurred with M 6.3 - on May 12, 2005; October 11, 1998 and August 23, 1995.
At the time of the M 6.3 on October 30, 2010 this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake of the day was an M 6.4 in the South Pacific
Ocean on the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. This is a remote region and the
earthquake was probably not felt in the region. This type of earthquake
(transform) seldom triggers a tsunami and none was expected with this
event. In the past 20 years two earthquakes have hit the Pacific-Antarctic
Ridge with M>=6.4 - an event of M 5.5 on August 6, 2001 and an M 6.5 on May 12,
2005. Both were to the east of today's epicenter." (October 30, 2010, April 2, 2025)
At the time of the X5.1 flare this summary noted the possibility of enhanced
seismicity near 150 West longitude as:
"This flare (of X5.1) maximized around 10:00 UT. Longitudes at local solar noon are near
30 East and include the active region western Turkey and Greece while those
at local solar midnight are near 150 West and include areas of southern Alaska
near Anchorage and Hawaii. These are the most likely areas to see significant
seismicity following today's flare of X5.1." (November 11, 2025)
This epicenter is at 144 degrees from the North Geomagnetic pole and the third node
from Kamchatka and 102 degrees from the Central Philippines and may have
been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 13NOV2025 09:41:30 56.7S 142.0W MW=5.7 EMSC PACIFIC-ANTARCTIC RIDGE
A moderate M 5.0 also occurred today in the Central Mid-Atlantic. It was not
reported felt in this remote area. The last earthquake within about 200 km
of this epicenter with M>=5.0 was recorded as an M 5.6 on April 19 and M 5.7 on January 14, 2025.
At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.7 in the Central Mid-Atlantic area. It may have been felt in the epicentral area on board ships.
An earthquake of M 5.0 near Kimbe, New Guinea followed 38 minutes later. This
New Guinea epicenter is near the antipode of the epicenter in the mid-Atlantic.
It occurred as the PPS seismic phase was passing through New Guinea and may
have been promoted by antipodal focused energy from the Mid-Atlantic." (January 14, 2025)
This epicenter is at the third node from the South Geomagnetic pole and from Kamchatka
and the fourth node from the North Geomagnetic Pole and at 145 degrees from the current eye of Typhoon Fung-Wong and may have
been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 14NOV2025 00:45:57 7.0N 34.0W MB=5.0 EMSC CENTRAL MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.7 in Central Luzon, Philippines was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Luzon with IV in San Fernando Ilocos and Tuding, Cordillera, Philippines.
EMSC reported moderate jolts in Baguio, and Alaminos, Philippines.
Typhoon Fung-Wong passed over this epicenter several days ago and may have
helped promote seismicity in the region.
O: 13NOV2025 09:57:16 16.6N 120.3E MB=4.7 EMSC LUZON, PHILIPPINES
A light M 2.5 occurred in Southern California east of Los Angeles today. NEIC
reported intensity III in Hemet and II in Winchester and Honeland, California.
This was accompanied by a series of light to moderate earthquakes (including an M 4.2) in the northern
Gulf of California which were not reported felt.
O: 13NOV2025 19:26:20 33.5N 116.4W ML=2.1 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 13NOV2025 09:34:28 33.8N 116.9W ML=2.5 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 13NOV2025 13:32:12 33.9N 116.2W ML=2.5 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
The epicenters in the Gulf of California are at the sixth node from the
North Geomagnetic Pole and at 103 degrees from the eye of Typhoon Fung-Wong
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 13NOV2025 22:57:28 31.4N 114.4W ML=3.4 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 13NOV2025 21:40:51 30.6N 114.2W ML=3.7 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 13NOV2025 22:50:22 30.7N 114.5W ML=4.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 14NOV2025 09:36:11 30.8N 114.6W ML=3.6 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Cyprus was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Cyprus in Koloni and Lemesos.
O: 13NOV2025 09:27:26 34.8N 32.6E ML=4.5 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Panama was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Panama with III in Los Lomas, Chiriqui.
This epicenter is at 145 degrees from Central Philippines and may have
been promoted energy from strong recent earthquakes in that area.
O: 13NOV2025 08:33:18 8.3N 82.8W MB=4.5 EMSC PANAMA-COSTA RICA BORDER REGIO
NEIC reported earthquakes of M 4.8 and M 4.6 in the Davis Strait/Labrador Sea area west of Greenland were not felt in this remote area today.
The last earthquake of M>=4.8 in the Davis Strait within about 200 km of
today's activity occurred on July 12, 2022. The only other event in the area of larger magnitude
in the past 35 years was an M 4.9 on January 21, 1998. At the time of the
July, 2022 quake this summary noted:
"The M 5.1-5.2 in the Davis Strait near Greenland was the strongest event in the U.S. or Canada
today. It may have been lightly felt in this remote epicentral area.
This earthquake occurred within about an hour of local solar noon and was
probably promoted by high tides associated with the full moon of July 13 and/or
geomagnetic effects from today's geomagnetic storm as reported in this summary:
"The geomagnetic field saw disturbed conditions today. The AP level was 18. High latitudes saw minor storms conditions with AP 36. This appears to re-energize the strongest storm at high latitudes since high latitude AP reached 49 on June 15, 2022. Some enhancement of seismicity at high latitudes and near the geomagnetic equator is likely in the next several days due to effects of this storm." (July 12, 2022)
This is the strongest earthquake within about 300 km of this epicenter in
at least 30 years. The only event in the region with M>4.6 since 1990 was an
M 4.9 about 200 km to the east on July 29, 1999." (July 12, 2022)
Today's event in the Davis Strait was the strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada or vicinity today.
It occurred near local solar midnight.
This epicenter in the Davis Strait is near the antipode of the South Geomagnetic
Pole and may have been promoted by energy associated with the recent geomagnetic
storm which concentrates in that area.
O: 13NOV2025 06:21:20 60.2N 58.4W MB=4.8 NEIC DAVIS STRAIT
O: 13NOV2025 07:07:10 60.4N 58.5W MB=4.6 EMSC DAVIS STRAIT
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 2.0 and 3.2 in the Netherlands was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of the Netherlands in Loppersum and Delfzihjl.
The M 3.2 was also felt in the Netherlands at Stedum, Uithuizen, Middelstum, Appingedam, Delfzijl, with a loud noise.
O: 14NOV2025 00:16:39 53.4N 6.7E ML=3.2 EMSC THE NETHERLANDS
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 13, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5960 0002 0010 0018 C4.3 (November 13, 2025) 3.0E-03
5970 0048 0057 0101 C4.0 (November 13, 2025) 2.2E-03
Honshu M 4.7 00:54 UT
6030 0243 0334 0407 C6.1 (November 13, 2025) 2.5E-02
Kamchatka M 4.5 02:51 UT
Western Turkey M 4.6 03:16 UT M 4.2, M 4.2 03:20-03:21 UT
Ryukyu Is. M 4.7 03:24 UT
6060 0504 0508 0510 C3.1 (November 13, 2025) 1.2E-03
6090 0628 0636 0643 C2.1 (November 13, 2025) 1.6E-03
India M 4.0 06:36 UT
6120 0726 0733 0738 C1.6 (November 13, 2025) 1.1E-03
Honshu M 4.6 07:23 UT
6140 1022 1028 1030 C1.6 (November 13, 2025) 8.3E-04
6160 1103 1107 1111 C1.9 (November 13, 2025) 9.3E-04
6210 1317 1326 1330 C5.0 (November 13, 2025) 2.3E-03
Southern California M 2.5 13:32 UT
6220 1423 1431 1440 C2.4 (November 13, 2025) 2.5E-03
6240 1457 1506 1515 C2.3 (November 13, 2025) 2.2E-03
6260 1528 1531 1533 C2.0 (November 13, 2025) 8.2E-04
6270 1544 1556 1633 C3.5 (November 13, 2025) 9.1E-03
6290 1633 1639 1641 C3.9 (November 13, 2025) 2.2E-03
Atacama M 4.4 16:33 UT
6280 1720 1725 1728 C3.3 (November 13, 2025) 1.6E-03
6310 1932 1939 1946 C2.2 (November 13, 2025) 1.8E-03
Kamchatka M 4.6 19:37 UT
6320 1958 2004 2012 C1.7 (November 13, 2025) 1.5E-03
Honshu M 5.3 19:58 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 14-16. Solar M-flare chance: 65% X-class: 35% proton storm: 20%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 59 69 43 03:00 7 104 156
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 13, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A severe geomagnetic storm occurred today with G4-5 levels reached.
The Planetary AP was 127 with high latitude A 123 and middle latitude A 70 reaching
maximum 8.7 early in the UT day. Based on similar storms in the past few
years it is likely this will subdue global seismicity for the next week
and especially during the time of the storm although further storms
could shock a significant earthquake in that time frame.
Global seismicity reflected this reaction to the geomagnetic storm today.
The largest earthquakes of the day were of M 5.2-5.5 in Cyprus with events of M 5.1
in the Talaud Islands, Indonesia and the Batan Island region north of
the Philippines and near Taiwan. This event was likely triggered by the
passage of Typhoon Fung-Wong near this epicenter at the time of the earthquake
occurrence.
A similar, but smaller geomagnetic storm last occurred on October 10-11, 2024 when Planetary
AP reached 116 but the last storm with AP greater than today's
occurred on May 11, 2024 when AP reached 273. The seismic environment
following these storm is discussed below.
A major geomagnetic storm is expected in the next day. This is based on the CME from
an X5.1 solar flare on November 11, 2025. The British Geological Society (BGS)
warns that this storm could reach the maximum G5 storm level and could be the
strongest in the past two decades. Early data suggests this could be the strongest since 2005.
Consequences of such geomagnetic storms can be considerable from loss of satellite
and communication to blackouts to failure of equipment such as tractors
clocks, and other transport that rely on GPS to function properly.
The last geomagnetic storm approaching G5 occurred on May 10-11, 2024. At the time
the Planetary A value was 273 and high latitude A was 208 (on May 11, 2024).
K-values near 9 at all latitudes occurred off and on throughout that day. At
the time this summary noted:
"An extreme geomagnetic storm has occurred over the past two days.
The planetary AP index today of 273 is unprecedented in modern times but
high latitude and middle latitudes also saw record AP of 208 and 175
respectively. As this storm dies down global seismicity is expected
to rise and possibly include large or major earthquakes.
Among early casualties from the continuing geomagnetic storm was the Starlink
Satellite system of Musk which has been helpful in communications in war-torn
areas such as Ukraine. The web was also out in Florida where aurora were
visible for the first time in many years. Forida is too far south for many
of the visible effects of geomagnetic storms but AP at middle latitudes
today exceeded some of the highest indices at high latitude in recent years
and the aurora are now visible this far to the south." (May 11, 2024)
Seismicity associated with the storm of May 11, 2024 included an M 5.8 in Taiwan on May 10; an M 6.4 in
Guatemala on May 12; an M 5.8 in the Kermadec Islands on May 17; an M 5.7 on
May 18 in teh Admiralty Islands and an M 6.0 on May 19 in the western
Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska. The first major earthquake following this
geomagnetic storm was an M 7.2 in Southern Peru on June 28, 2024. But for the most part the lack of
significant seismicity with this storm was notable.
A smaller geomagnetic storm on October 8-11, 2024 reached planetary A-values
of 116 and high latitude A-values of 123 with brief periods of K at 9 on
October 11, 2024. Like the storm in May, 2024 accompanying seismicity with this storm
was muted and included earthquakes of M 6.2 in Nicaragua on October 1, events of M 5.9-6.0 in Turkey,
Afghanistan and Colima, Mexico on October 16. The strongest earthquake in the
month following this geomagnetic storm was an M 6.2 in the northern Kuril
and southern Kamchatka regions on October 23, 2024, a clear foreshock to
recent major activity in that region.
Oddly the last geomagnetic storm of G5 or higher level occurred exactly 21 years
ago today on November 10-11, 2004. Two geomagnetic storms in 2004 occurred with G5 intensity (K-index of K>=9).
These occurred on November 8-11, 2004 with planetary A reaching 189 and high
latitude A reaching 188 on November 8 and 9, 2024 and on July 25-27, 2004
with Planetary A-value at 162 and high latitude A of 212 on July 27.
At the time this summary noted in this regard:
"An extremely strong geomagnetic storm occurred throughout July 27. This storm
is the strongest since early November, 2003. Current AA index for the day at
high latitudes is 212. This is the strongest geomagnetic storm since Nov. 8, 1991
when the index reached 235 according to data available from the
National Geophysical Data Center (aastar.lst - ftp data). This is the
35th largest geomagnetic storm observed in the past 150 years and the strongest
in the current solar cycle." (July 27, 2004)
Strong earthquakes associated with this geomagnetic storm occurred as an M 7.3 in Sumatra on
July 25, 2024 at the start of the storm; an M 6.5 in New Guinea on July 28, 2004
and an M 6.0 in the South Pacific on August 1, 2004.
and
"The current geomagnetic storm continued at very strong levels today. Planetary
A-levels index was 181 today and 188 at high latitudes yesterday. This makes
this the strongest storm of the last 13 years. Strong seismicity is expected
to continue after a lull of several days. The next step is the anticipated
increase in seismicity at volcanic centers especially in extension
provinces, the equatorial zone and at high latitudes." (November 11, 2004)
This geomagnetic storm in November, 2004 was followed on December 26, 2004
by one of the deadliest earthquakes and tsunamis ever recorded - the Boxing
Day earthquake in the Indian Ocean, an event which has been estimated to
have killed more than 250,000 around the Indian Ocean via a major tsunami.
There was considerable major seismicity at the time of the November 11, 2004
geomagnetic storm. This included (on November 11, 2004) an M 6.1 in Hokkaido,
Japan; an M 6.7 in the Santa Cruz Islands and an M 7.5 in Timor, Indonesia.
and ono November 12, 2004 an M 6.1 at deep focus in Bolivia. Strong earthquakes
in the following week occurred as an M 7.2 in Colombia (Nov. 15, 2004); M 6.1 in New Britain
(November 16) and M 6.6 on November 17, 2024 in Tonga. An M 7.1 also
occurred on November 22, 2004 in Snares Island area of New Zealand.
Historically, then with the exception of the November, 2004 storm, seismicity
appears to be diminished during the week of and following the peak of the
storm. Stronger earthquakes occur about a week later with major events
delayed for a longer period. Current seismicity with the current storm
appears to be following a similar pattern as of this writing.
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 4.4 near Chignik, Alaska
in the Alaska Peninsula. NEIC reported it was lightly felt in the epicentral area.
This event occurred in an area which was at local solar midnight when the X5.1
solar flare of November 11 occurred and was likely promoted by SFE from that
event.
O: 12NOV2025 14:37:51 55.7N 157.5W ML=4.4 EMSC ALASKA PENINSULA
An earthquake of M 4.2 also occurred near the volcanic area off the coast
of Oregon today. It was not reported felt in Oregon. This area is building
to a volcanic eruption but some geoscientist are now suggesting that eruption
will not occur until mid- to late- 2026.
O: 12NOV2025 08:38:35 44.1N 127.9W MB=4.2 EMSC OFF COAST OF OREGON
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.3 off northern California was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of off northern California with II in Arcata.
O: 13NOV2025 00:42:20 41.0N 125.1W ML=3.2 EMSC OFFSHORE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 13NOV2025 00:42:20 41.0N 125.1W ML=3.3 NEIC OFFSHORE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
Three earthquakes of M 5.2, M 5.3 and 5.9 were reported in the area of Cyprus today east of Paphos.
These were the strongest earthquakes in the world today.
The Israel Geological Survey (IGS) reported these earthquake were widely felt in Cyprus and Israel
with felt activity primarily in Israel at Haifa, Afula and Nazareth. These events
were also reported felt in Lebanon. NEIC reported these events were felt with
intensity VI (with slight damage) in Cyprus in Polemi and Koloni; V in Tsada, Mesogi, Konia, Stroumpi, Meladeia; IV in Nikokleia, Pafox, Agios Tychon, Chlorakas, Amargeti, Mouttagiaka, Koilani, Pissoiuri, Doros, Pegeia, Lemesos, Lempa, Tala, Polis, Moni, Larnaca, and intensity III in Haifa, Israel, Beirut, Lebanon, Mugla, Turkey, and Khelda, Amman, Jordan among others.
The last earthquake in the area of Cyprus with M>=5.3 occurred as an M 6.6
on January 11, 2022. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.6 in the region of Cyprus south
of Turkey. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity VI in Cyprus at Polis, Skouli, Argarka; V in Kossonerga; IV in Regeia, Giolou, Tala, Chiorakas, Lempa, Cyprus.
Minor damage accompanyed major concern with shaking that lasted for a long
period according to press accounts. This is the strongest earthquake near Cyprus
within about 250 km since an M 6.8 on October 9, 1996, the only other such
event in the area in at least 30 years.
...
Earthquakes north of Cyprus also continued in Macedonia today. The strongest of these
was an M 4.4 which was reported by NEIC to have been felt in Macedonia at Bitola.
When this series began yesterday, this summary noted in this regard:
"A moderately strong M 5.5 was felt in Macedonia and northern Greece today. NEIC reported maximum intensity VI in Macedonia at Bitola, and in Knosi, Kastoria, Greece and V in Florina, and in Macedonia at Bistrica, Dobrusevo with IV in Novaci, Capari, and in Greece at Arnissa, Lethovon.
An aftershock of M 4.6 was felt with maximum intensity VI in Bitola, Macedonia and in Serbia and Montenegro.
An M 4.0 aftershock was reported lightly felt in Ohrid, Macedonia. This is part
of a series of earthquakes in Greece and Turkey and the eastern Mediterranean in
the last month. It is likely this regional activation will continue for
several more days with a strong earthquake in the area likely in this time. Today's earthquake
in Macedonia occurred with a moderate geomagnetic disturbance at high latitudes" (January 9-10, 2021)
March 3, 2021. ..." (January 11, 2022)
The mainshock occurred within minutes of local solar noon and was probably
promoted by the X5.1 solar flare on November 11. This summary had anticipated
enhanced seismicity in this area in the previous issue as:
"This flare (of X5.1) maximized around 10:00 UT. Longitudes at local solar noon are near
30 East and include the active region western Turkey and Greece while those
at local solar midnight are near 150 West and include areas of southern Alaska
near Anchorage and Hawaii. These are the most likely areas to see significant
seismicity following today's flare of X5.1." (November 11, 2025)
Today's epicenter is located at the third node (120 degrees) from the Drake
Passage and at the fourth node (90 degrees) from the Mindanao, Philippines of M 7.4
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:27 35.0N 32.6E MW=5.9 IGS CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:27 35.0N 32.6E MW=5.7 BMG CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:25 34.8N 32.5E MW=5.6 GSRAS CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:25 34.8N 32.5E MW=5.2 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 14:23:31 34.8N 32.5E MW=5.8 RSSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 14:23:31 35.0N 32.5E MW=5.3 NEIC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 14:23:31 34.9N 32.5E Mw=5.3 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:41:51 34.8N 32.5E mb=4.7 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:59:10 34.8N 32.5E ML=4.1 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:36:22 34.9N 32.6E ML=4.1 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
An interesting series of earthquakes occurred today and yesterday along
the path of Typhoon Fung-Wong in northern Philippines and eastern Taiwan
and the southern Ryukyu Islands. These events beginning with an M 4.6 in
northern Luzon, Philippine followed the path northward of Fung-Wong with
an M 5.1 in the Batan Islands region of the Philippines followed by an M 4.6 in
Taiwan and an M 4.8 in the southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan region as Fung-Wong
passed over these epicenters. The M 5.1 in the Basco area of the northern
Philippines was not reported felt but the last earthquake within about 200 km
of this epicenter with M>=5.1 was catalogued as an event of M 5.2 on August 16, 2025.
This summary noted this event at the time as:
"An earthquake of M 5.2 occurred today in the area of southern Taiwan. While NEIC did not issue any felt reports for this event, CWB, the local seismological network reported
it was felt in southern Taiwan. CWB, the local network indicated light shaking in
Pingtung County, Taiwan. The epicenter south of Kaohsiung is unusual.
The last earthquake of M>=5.2 in this area was an M 5.4 on June 28, 2022.
Today's event may have been promoted by the passage of Tyhoon Podul through
the area two days ago as reported at the time in this summary:
"Typhoon Podul (TD 16W) continued today over Taiwan with winds up to 90 kts. It is expected to track to the west reaching areas of the Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands, Japan around August 12-13 where moderate seismic enhancement may occur at that time. The antipode at 23S 60W in the southern Atlantic Ocean is unlikely to see seismicity associated with this storm." (August 13, 2025)
Typhoon Podul has also caused up to $14 million U.S. dollars in damage to
agriculture in the past two days in Taiwan." (August 16, 2025)
Readers should take note of the similarity to the environment at this epicenter
with the August 16 event and that of today's.
The M 4.5 in Taiwan was reported by EMSC to have been felt lightly in Taiwan at Yilan, Xindian, Taipei and Taoyuan.
CWB reported this earthquake was felt with intensity III in Yilan, amd Taipei with II in Taoyuan, Hsinchu Counties, Taiwan.
An M 5.3 on November 10 was also widely felt in southern Taiwan. CWB reported
this event with intensity IV in Kaohsiung and Tainan and III in chiayi City, Pingtung, Yunlin, Hualien, and II in Changhua, Taichung, Penghu and Miaoli Counties, Taiwan.
The M 4.2 in Central Taiwan of early November 13 was reported with intensity
II in Hualien County. These events were likely triggered by strong stresses associated with the
passage of Typhoon Fung-Wong over these epicenters.
PHIVOLCS reported the M 4.7 in Luzon was felt with intensity IV in San Fernando, La Union and III in the City of Baguio, Alaminos, Pangasinan, Sugpon, Ilocos Sur, Bauang, La Union and II in La Triidad, Benguet, Caba, Las Union and Santa Cruz, Ilocos Sur.
O: 13NOV2025 09:57:16 16.7N 120.2E MB=4.7 EMSC LUZON, PHILIPPINES
O: 12NOV2025 12:02:22 20.9N 121.1E MB=5.1 EMSC BATAN ISL REGION, PHILIPPINES
O: 13NOV2025 01:22:40 24.7N 121.7E ML=4.5 EMSC TAIWAN
O: 13NOV2025 05:29:02 23.8N 121.6E ML=4.2 CWB TAIWAN
O: 13NOV2025 03:24:30 25.1N 124.5E MB=4.7 EMSC NORTHEAST OF TAIWAN
O: 10NOV2025 03:24:30 23.1N 120.7E MB=5.3 CWB SOUTHERN TAIWAN
The most unusual earthquake of the day occurred as an M 4.7 on the Laos-Vietnam
border. EMSC reported it was felt in Vietnam with moderate shaking in Hanoi, Cau Dien, Cau Giay, Hai BaTrung, and Tay Ho,
Typhoon Kalmaegi dissipated over this epicenter several days ago and
may have promoted today's activity via stress transfer.
O: 12NOV2025 16:26:18 20.2N 104.5E ML=4.7 EMSC LAOS-VIETNAM BORDER REGION
Two moderate earthquakes in Tarapaca, Chile of M 4.8 M 4.3 and 4.0 were reported
by NEIC to have been felt lightly in Iquique, Tarapaca, Chile. These
epicenters are located near the antipode of the dissipation of Typhoon
Kalmaegi and may also have been promoted by antipodal concentrated energy
from that source.
These epicenters area at 145 degrees from the earthquake of M 6.9 in Honshu,
Japan and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 12NOV2025 13:12:02 19.3S 69.1W MB=4.8 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
O: 13NOV2025 04:59:39 19.3S 69.3W ML=4.3 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
O: 12NOV2025 13:10:02 19.4S 69.0W ML=4.0 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.9 in Southern Idaho was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Southern Idaho with III in Arimo and Pocatello.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M in was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Western Turkey was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Western Turkey in Bigadic, Gordes, Akhisar, Soma, Demirci, Salihli, Bergama, Kula, Manisa, Edremit, Odemis, Bayrakli among others.
This epicenter was near local solar noon when the X5.1 solar flare occurred
on November 11 and had been expected to see enhanced seismicity at this
time as noted in previous issues of this summary:
"This flare (of X5.1) maximized around 10:00 UT. Longitudes at local solar noon are near
30 East and include the active region western Turkey and Greece while those
at local solar midnight are near 150 West and include areas of southern Alaska
near Anchorage and Hawaii. These are the most likely areas to see significant
seismicity following today's flare of X5.1." (November 11, 2025)
O: 13NOV2025 03:16:16 39.2N 28.1E MW=4.6 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 13NOV2025 03:20:24 39.2N 28.1E ML=4.2 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 13NOV2025 03:21:44 39.2N 28.2E ML=4.2 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TYPHOON FUNG-WONG (DEPRESSION 32W)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH FUNG-WONG 2025-11-13 00:00 UT 25.8N 125.3E 45 kts Ryukyu Islands
Typhoon Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan with winds up to 35 kts and gusts to 45 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. Landfall yesterday in northern Philippines and Taiwan involved major flooding and damage to local structure as well as loss of life. This typhoon could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquakes in northern Philippines or in Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands and perhaps as far north as Honshu, Japan at that time. The antipode is at 26S 55W in the South Atlantic and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 12, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5740 0132 0148 0156 C1.9 (November 12, 2025) 2.5E-03
5750 0235 0240 0242 C1.8 (November 12, 2025) 9.4E-04
5760 0249 0256 0303 C2.4 (November 12, 2025) 1.9E-03
5790 0459 0507 0512 C1.9 (November 12, 2025) 1.5E-03
5820 0840 0855 0903 C3.1 (November 12, 2025) 3.1E-03
Cyprus M 5.2 09:31 UT
5880 1611 1639 1706 C4.5 (November 12, 2025) 1.2E-02
Laos-Vietnam border M 4.7 16:26 UT
5890 1814 1820 1826 C1.7 (November 12, 2025) 1.3E-03
5910 2058 2106 2114 C1.7 (November 12, 2025) 1.6E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 14 severe storms November 13 unsettled November 15. Solar M-flare chance: 85% X-class: 55% proton storm: 99%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 127 123 70 00:00 9 150 163
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 12, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A major geomagnetic storm is expected in the next day. This is based on the CME from
an X5.1 solar flare on November 11, 2025. The British Geological Society (BGS)
warns that this storm could reach the maximum G5 storm level and could be the
strongest in the past two decades. Early data suggests this could be the strongest since 2005.
Consequences of such geomagnetic storms can be considerable from loss of satellite
and communication to blackouts to failure of equipment such as tractors
clocks, and other transport that rely on GPS to function properly.
Oddly the last geomagnetic storm of G5 or higher level occurred exactly 21 years
ago today on November 10-11, 2004. Two geomagnetic storms in 2004 occurred with G5 intensity (K-index of K>=9).
These occurred on November 8-11, 2004 with planetary A reaching 189 and high
latitude A reaching 188 on November 8 and 9, 2024 and on July 25-27, 2004
with Planetary A-value at 162 and high latitude A of 212 on July 27.
At the time this summary noted in this regard:
"An extremely strong geomagnetic storm occurred throughout July 27. This storm
is the strongest since early November, 2003. Current AA index for the day at
high latitudes is 212. This is the strongest geomagnetic storm since Nov. 8, 1991
when the index reached 235 according to data available from the
National Geophysical Data Center (aastar.lst - ftp data). This is the
35th largest geomagnetic storm observed in the past 150 years and the strongest
in the current solar cycle." (July 27, 2004)
Strong earthquakes associated with this geomagnetic storm occurred as an M 7.3 in Sumatra on
July 25, 2024 at the start of the storm; an M 6.5 in New Guinea on July 28, 2004
and an M 6.0 in the South Pacific on August 1, 2004.
and
"The current geomagnetic storm continued at very strong levels today. Planetary
A-levels index was 181 today and 188 at high latitudes yesterday. This makes
this the strongest storm of the last 13 years. Strong seismicity is expected
to continue after a lull of several days. The next step is the anticipated
increase increase in seismicity at volcanic centers especially in extension
provinces, the equatorial zone and at high latitudes." (November 11, 2004)
This geomagnetic storm in November, 2004 was followed on December 26, 2004
by one of the deadliest earthquakes and tsunamis ever recorded - the Boxing
Day earthquake in the Indian Ocean, an event which has been estimated to
have killed more than 250,000 around the Indian Ocean via a major tsunami.
There was considerable major seismicity at the time of the November 11, 2004
geomagnetic storm. This included (on November 11, 2004) an M 6.1 in Hokkaido,
Japan; an M 6.7 in the Santa Cruz Islands and an M 7.5 in Timor, Indonesia.
and ono November 12, 2004 an M 6.1 at deep focus in Bolivia. Strong earthquakes
in the following week occurred as an M 7.2 in Colombia (Nov. 15, 2004); M 6.1 in New Britain
(November 16) and M 6.6 on November 17, 2024 in Tonga. An M 7.1 also
occurred on November 22, 2004 in Snares Island area of New Zealand.
A major solar flare of X5.1 occurred today (November 11, 2025). This is the
strongest solar flare in more than a year. Previous flares of high X-class
were recorded on October 1, 2024 (4540 X7.1); October 3, 2024 (5530 X9.0) and
May 14, 2024 (X8.7).
SWPC gives the following initial parameters for this flare:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5520 0949 1001 1251 X5.1 (November 11, 2025) 3.9E-01
Tarapaca M 4.6 10:32 UT M 4.0 10:35 UT
Honshu M 4.6 M 4.7 12:03 UT
Guerrero M 4.1 11:35 UT
This flare maximized around 10:00 UT. Longitudes at local solar noon are near
30 East and include the active region western Turkey and Greece while those
at local solar midnight are near 150 West and include areas of southern Alaska
near Anchorage and Hawaii. These are the most likely areas to see significant
seismicity following today's flare of X5.1.
In an interesting side note, three solar flares of X-class have occurred
in the past three days - an X1.7 (4640) on November 9 at 06:54-08:43; an
X1.2 (4950) on November 10 at 08:55 - 10:19 UT and today's 09:49 - 11:40 UT (approximate).
These are occurring slightly more than 25 hours apart. Should this continue
a further X-class flare might be expected on November 12 around 1200 UT.
At this writing the most conspicuous earthquakes associated in time with
this X5.1 flare are occurring in the area of Tarapaca, Chile with events
of M 4.8 and M 4.6. These are also near the antipode of Typhoon Fung-Wong
south of Taiwan and could be promoted by energy from both sourcs.
O: 11NOV2025 10:35:08 19.4S 69.1W ML=4.8 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
O: 11NOV2025 10:32:45 19.4S 69.2W ML=4.6 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
A strong enhancement (above SWPC alert levels) in electron flux beginning
about 10:00 UT near the peak of the X5.1 solar flare. This is a very
quick response and may not be related to the solar flare although this
sudden electron flux is highly unusual. GOES 18 shows a sudden drop in
electron flux at 10:10 followed by a rapid rise to levels above SWPC Alert Threshold
at 12:30 UT. This behavior has not previously been observed on these
satellite telemetry and the cause is not understood at this time.
Proton Flux via GOES and SWPC saw a major proton storm begin with the X5.1
solar flare at satellite altitudes. This storm which started about 10:00 UT reached
and surpassed the SWPC 10 MeV warning Threshold and continued to more than
100 Mev within several hours. The GOES-18 magnetometer shows a strong increast
in field strength at 00:00 UT on November 12 followed by a major
decline and reversal of field strength reaching a low of about -90 nT around
00:30 UT. This was accompanied by a moderate earthquake of M 5.4 in northern Honshu at the
same time (at 00:29 UT, November 12). The combined effects of the electron and
proton storm with the X5.1 flare makes the current forecasting of seismicity
uncertain as each affects seismicity in different ways. It will be of
particular interest to watch global seismicity in the next several days
to see which effects is predominant - the weakening effect of the proton storm
or the strengthening effect of the flare. These may cancel each other out
or delay subsequent seismic events.
Two earthquakes of M 5.2 and 5.9 were reported in the area of Cyprus today east of Paphos.
The Israel Geological Survey (IGS) reported these earthquake were widely felt in Cyprus and Israel
with felt activity primarily in Israel at Haifa, Afula and Nazareth. These events
were also reported felt in Lebanon. NEIC reported these events were felt with
intensity VI (with slight damage) in Cyprus in Polemi and Koloni; V in Tsada, Mesogi, Konia, Stroumpi, Meladeia; IV in Nikokleia, Pafox, Agios Tychon, Chlorakas, Amargeti, Mouttagiaka, Koilani, Pissoiuri, Doros, Pegeia, Lemesos, Lempa, Tala, Polis, Moni, Larnaca, and intensity III in Haifa, Israel, Beirut, Lebanon, Mugla, Turkey, and Khelda, Amman, Jordan among others.
The last earthquake in the area of Cyprus with M>=5.3 occurred as an M 6.6
on January 11, 2022. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.6 in the region of Cyprus south
of Turkey. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity VI in Cyprus at Polis, Skouli, Argarka; V in Kossonerga; IV in Regeia, Giolou, Tala, Chiorakas, Lempa, Cyprus.
Minor damage accompanied major concern with shaking that lasted for a long
period according to press accounts. This is the strongest earthquake near Cyprus
within about 250 km since an M 6.8 on October 9, 1996, the only other such
event in the area in at least 30 years.
...
Earthquakes north of Cyprus also continued in Macedonia today. The strongest of these
was an M 4.4 which was reported by NEIC to have been felt in Macedonia at Bitola.
When this series began yesterday, this summary noted in this regard:
"A moderately strong M 5.5 was felt in Macedonia and northern Greece today. NEIC reported maximum intensity VI in Macedonia at Bitola, and in Knosi, Kastoria, Greece and V in Florina, and in Macedonia at Bistrica, Dobrusevo with IV in Novaci, Capari, and in Greece at Arnissa, Lethovon.
An aftershock of M 4.6 was felt with maximum intensity VI in Bitola, Macedonia and in Serbia and Montenegro.
An M 4.0 aftershock was reported lightly felt in Ohrid, Macedonia. This is part
of a series of earthquakes in Greece and Turkey and the eastern Mediterranean in
the last month. It is likely this regional activation will continue for
several more days with a strong earthquake in the area likely in this time. Today's earthquake
in Macedonia occurred with a moderate geomagnetic disturbance at high latitudes" (January 9-10, 2021)
March 3, 2021. ..." (January 11, 2022)
The mainshock occurred within minutes of local solar noon and was probably
promoted by the X5.1 solar flare on November 11. This summary had anticipated
enhanced seismicity in this area in the previous issue as:
"This flare (of X5.1) maximized around 10:00 UT. Longitudes at local solar noon are near
30 East and include the active region western Turkey and Greece while those
at local solar midnight are near 150 West and include areas of southern Alaska
near Anchorage and Hawaii. These are the most likely areas to see significant
seismicity following today's flare of X5.1." (November 11, 2025)
Today's epicenter is located at the third node (120 degrees) from the Drake
Passage and at the fourth node (90 degrees) from the Mindanao, Philippines of M 7.4
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:27 35.0N 32.6E MW=5.9 IGS CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:27 35.0N 32.6E MW=5.7 BMG CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:25 34.8N 32.5E MW=5.6 GSRAS CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:25 34.8N 32.5E MW=5.2 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 14:23:31 34.8N 32.5E MW=5.8 RSSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:41:51 34.8N 32.5E mb=4.7 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:59:10 34.8N 32.5E ML=4.1 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:36:22 34.9N 32.6E ML=4.1 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.1 in Papua New Guinea was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Papua New Guinea with III at Madang, PNG.
This epicenter is at the fourth node (90 degrees) from the north Geomagnetic Pole
and at the sixth node (60 degrees) from the South Geomagnetic Pole and from Kamchatka
and at the eighth node (45 degrees) from Honshu, Japan and may have been promoted
by energy from those sources.
O: 12NOV2025 03:23:35 5.9S 145.6E MB=5.1 EMSC EASTERN NEW GUINEA REG., P.N.G
An earthquake of M 5.4 also occurred in the aftershock zone of northern Honshu, Japan
today. This event occurred at the time of the greatest geomagnetic disturbance
on the GOES 18 magnetometer and was probably promoted by energy associated
with the severe geomagnetic storm today (see above)
O: 12NOV2025 03:57:38 39.8N 143.6E Mw=4.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.7 in the Greenland Sea was not felt. This
epicenter was within minutes of local solar midnight when the major geomagnetic
storm occurred near 00:00 UT early on November 12. It was probably promoted
by energy associated with that storm at high latitudes.
This is the strongest earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter in the
Greenland Sea since an M M 6.2 on May 24, 2012. At the time this summary noted
this as the largest earthquake in the area since at least 1990 as:
"The strong activation of seismicity at high latitudes which we reported on
in our summary yesterday continued today. The strongest earthquake in the
world was in the Greenland/Norwegian Sea area with M 6.2. This epicenter
is about 600 km northwest of Tronso, Norway and 1500 km northeast of Reykjavik, Iceland.
No tsunami was expected or observed. This is a remote area and there were
no initial reports of damage or casualties.
...
This is the strongest earthquake ever recorded within 200 km of this epicenter
in the Norwegian Sea. A similar event of M 6.1-6.2 hit the area on June 10, 1929
with events of M 6.0 on January 29, 1959, May 31, 1971 and August 20, 2009. A
41-43 year recurrence can be discerned in this data with strong events in 1929,
1971 and 2012 in late May to early June. This suggests about 40-50 years to
build enough strain in the area to support a strong earthquake. The immediate
trigger may have been the strong geomagnetic storm at high latitudes which
has been occurring over the past two days." (May 24, 2012)
This event of May 2012 was also closely associated with a solar eclipse of
May 20-21, 2012.
Like the events in Cyprus today (see above) this epicenter is located at the
fourth node (90 degrees) from Mindanao, Philippines and at the seventh node from Kamchatka
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 12NOV2025 06:03:29 73.3N 6.7E Mw=5.7 EMSC GREENLAND SEA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.6 in the Alaska Peninsula was felt with intensity up to II in the area(s) of Sand Point, Alaska.
It may have been promoted by the geomagnetic storm as it was near local solar
noon when that storm commenced.
O: 12NOV2025 00:07:00 54.5N 160.2W ML=3.6 NEIC ALASKA PENINSULA
O: 12NOV2025 00:07:00 54.5N 160.2W ML=3.5 EMSC ALASKA PENINSULA
An M 3.7 also occurred near Anchorage, Alaska today. NEIC reported it was
widely felt with intensity III in Anchorage, Elmendorf AFB, Indian, Tyonek, Palmer, Cooper Landing and Chugiak, Alaska.
It may have been promoted by the X5.1 solar flare as it was near local solar
noon when that storm commenced as noted in the previous issue of this summary:
"This flare (of X5.1) maximized around 10:00 UT. Longitudes at local solar noon are near
30 East and include the active region western Turkey and Greece while those
at local solar midnight are near 150 West and include areas of southern Alaska
near Anchorage and Hawaii. These are the most likely areas to see significant
seismicity following today's flare of X5.1." (November 11, 2025)
This epicenter is at the eighth node (45 degrees) from northern Honshu, Japan
and at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the eye of Typhoon Fung-Wong and
may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 12NOV2025 05:25:39 61.1N 150.7W ML=3.7 EMSC SOUTHERN ALASKA
"At this writing the most conspicuous earthquakes associated in time with
this X5.1 flare are occurring in the area of Tarapaca, Chile with events
of M 4.8 and M 4.6. These are also near the antipode of Typhoon Fung-Wong
south of Taiwan and could be promoted by energy from both sourcs." (November 11, 2025)
O: 11NOV2025 10:35:08 19.4S 69.1W ML=4.8 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
O: 11NOV2025 10:32:45 19.4S 69.2W ML=4.6 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in Uzbekistan was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Uzbekistan at Kosonsoy, Namangan, Salor, Olmaglq, Tashkent, Bektemir, Urtaowul, Samarkand, in Kazakhstan at Taraz and Shymkent and in Kyrgyzstan at Osh, Bishkek.
This epicenter is at the sixth node (60 degrees) from Kamchatka and Mindanao and the eighth
node (45 degrees) from the eye of Typhoon Fung-Wong and may have been promoted
by energy from those sources.
O: 11NOV2025 17:32:32 41.1N 71.5E MB=4.6 EMSC EASTERN UZBEKISTAN
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TYPHOON FUNG-WONG (DEPRESSION 32W)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH FUNG-WONG 2025-11-12 00:00 UT 21.6N 120.5E 55 kts South of Taiwan
Typhoon Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region south of Taiwan with winds up to 45 kts and gusts to 55 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. Landfall yesterday in northern Philippines and Taiwan involved major flooding and damage to local structure as well as loss of life. This typhoon could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan and perhaps as far north as Honshu, Japan at that time. The antipode is at 21S 60W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and Bolivia and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 11, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5300 0216 0223 0228 C4.2 (November 11, 2025) 2.3E-03
5330 0248 0255 0258 C2.9 (November 11, 2025) 1.6E-03
5350 0315 0325 0330 C3.7 (November 11, 2025) 2.8E-03
Barbados M 5.0 03:28 UT
5370 0346 0354 0404 C2.8 (November 11, 2025) 2.8E-03
5380 0422 0435 0438 C3.5 (November 11, 2025) 3.0E-03
Greenland Sea M 3.8 04:32 UT
5410 0623 0628 0632 C4.6 (November 11, 2025) 2.1E-03
Northern Nevada M 2.6 06:23 UT
5420 0639 0645 0650 C3.8 (November 11, 2025) 2.2E-03
5430 0732 0741 0747 C4.8 (November 11, 2025) 3.2E-03
Southern Peru M 4.8 07:45 UT
5440 0802 0809 0813 M1.4 (November 11, 2025) 5.7E-03
5450 0833 0838 0843 C6.8 (November 11, 2025) 3.2E-03
Kamchatka M 4.9 08:29 UT
5520 0949 1001 1251 X5.1 (November 11, 2025) 3.9E-01
Tarapaca M 4.6 10:32 UT M 4.0 10:35 UT
Honshu M 4.6 M 4.7 12:03 UT
Guerrero M 4.1 11:35 UT
5660 1532 1536 1540 C2.7 (November 11, 2025) 1.4E-03
State of Yap, Micronesia M 4.7 15:34 UT
5670 1651 1658 1704 C4.2 (November 11, 2025) 2.4E-03
El Salvador M 4.0 16:54 UT
Fiji M 4.3 16:56 UT
5710 2215 2221 2225 C2.9 (November 11, 2025) 1.3E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 13-14 severe storms November 12. Solar M-flare chance: 75% X-class: 35% proton storm: 99%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 7 8 4 11:00 4 131 168
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 11, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A major solar flare of X5.1 occurred today (November 11, 2025). This is the
strongest solar flare in more than a year. Previous flares of high X-class
were recorded on October 1, 2024 (4540 X7.1); October 3, 2024 (5530 X9.0) and
May 14, 2024 (X8.7).
SWPC gives the following initial parameters for this flare:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0949 1004 1140 X5.1 (November 11, 2025) 3.9E-01 *
This flare maximized around 10:00 UT. Longitudes at local solar noon are near
30 East and include the active region western Turkey and Greece while those
at local solar midnight are near 150 West and include areas of southern Alaska
near Anchorage and Hawaii. These are the most likely areas to see significant
seismicity following today's flare of X5.1.
In an interesting side note, three solar flares of X-class have occurred
in the past three days - an X1.7 (4640) on November 9 at 06:54-08:43; an
X1.2 (4950) on November 10 at 08:55 - 10:19 UT and today's 09:49 - 11:40 UT (approximate).
These are occurring slightly more than 25 hours apart. Should this continue
a further X-class flare might be expected on November 12 around 1200 UT.
At this writing the most conspicuous earthquakes associated in time with
this X5.1 flare are occurring in the area of Tarapaca, Chile with events
of M 4.8 and M 4.6. These are also near the antipode of Typhoon Fung-Wong
south of Taiwan and could be promoted by energy from both sourcs.
O: 11NOV2025 10:35:08 19.4S 69.1W ML=4.8 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
O: 11NOV2025 10:32:45 19.4S 69.2W ML=4.6 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
An M 1.4 was also recorded by NEIC near the peak of this flare in the
aftershock sequence in the San Francisco Bay area as:
O: 11NOV2025 10:26:31 37.8N 121.9W ML=1.4 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA
O: 11NOV2025 12:12:13 37.6N 122.5W ML=1.0 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA
Larger earthquakes associated with this flare are expected within hours.
A strong enhancement (above SWPC alert levels) in electron flux beginning
about 10:20 UT near the peak of the X5.1 solar flare. This is a very
quick response and may not be related to the solar flare although this
sudden electron flux is highly unusual.
Proton Flux via GOES and SWPC saw a major proton storm begin with the X5.1
solar flare at satellite altitudes. This storm which started about 10:00 UT reached
and surpassed the SWPC 10 MeV warning Threshold and continued to more than
100 Mev within several hours. The combined effects of the electron and
proton storm with the X5.1 flare makes the current forecasting of seismicity
uncertain as each affects seismicity in different ways. It will be of
particular interest to watch global seismicity in the next several hours
to see which effects is predominant - the weakening effect of the proton storm
or the strengthening effect of the flare. These may cancel each other out
or delay subsequent seismic events.
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 4.5 in the Near Islands, Aleutians, Alaska region.
NEIC reported it may have been felt with intensity up to II in the epicentral
area.
O: 10NOV2025 18:51:48 51.1N 174.7E MB=4.5 EMSC NEAR ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
The largest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.0 aftershock northeast of
Honshu, Japan. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in Sendai, Miyagi, and Hakodate, Hokkaido and in Niigata, Japan.
This is an aftershock of the M 6.8 event in Honshu, Japan of November 9, 2025.
The mainshock and related activity have been extensively discussed in previous
issues of this summary. Readers are referred to the issue of November 9, 2025
for further details.
O: 10NOV2025 08:37:23 39.7N 143.5E MB=4.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPA
O: 10NOV2025 20:44:13 39.3N 143.7E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 07:22:17 39.6N 143.5E mb=5.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 10NOV2025 07:23:18 39.6N 143.4E Mw=6.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 10NOV2025 07:42:49 39.6N 143.5E mb=4.7 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 10NOV2025 09:59:01 39.6N 143.3E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 11NOV2025 12:03:08 39.6N 143.2E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 08:24:48 39.7N 143.5E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
The second largest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.4 in the Antofagasta region
of northern Chile. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Antofagasta; III in Tocopilla and II in Iquique, Tarapaca, Chile.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Antofagasta, San Pedro de Atacama and Iquique, Chile.
This is the strongest earthquake in the area of Antofagasta within about
200 km since an M 6.1 on March 6, 2025 about 100 km east of today's
epicenter. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.1 in Antofagasta, Chile.
NEIC reported it was felt in Antofagasta, Chile with maximum intensity VI in Calama and V in Antofagasta and Tocopilla. Also felt with intensity III in Copiapo, Atacama, Iquique, Tarapaca and Santiago, Chile.
This is the strongest earthquake in the world since the M 7.6 in the Cayman Islands
of February 8, 2025. ...
This is the strongest earthquake in Antofagasta, Chile within about 200 km
since an M 7.4 on 19, 2024. At the time this summary noted:
"A major earthquake of M 7.7 hit near this area on April 4, 2014 but this is the strongest earthquake in the Antofagasta region og Chile since
similar events of M 6.1 on July 27 and 28, 2022. AT the time this summary noted:
"Two strong earthquake occurred in northern Chile today. These included an M 6.2 in eastern Antofagasta, northern Chile which was felt with intensity V in Calama, IV in Antofagasta, Iquique, and Bolivia and II-III in Arica, Copiapo, and Valparaiso, Chile.
This was followed later in the day by an M 6.1 in Antofagasta which was felt with maximum intensity VII in Antofagasta in Tocopilla, with IV in Calaman, Antofagasta and Iquique and II-III in Moquegua, Arequipa.
This activity is near the antipode of the M 7.0 which occurred in Luzon, Philippines
on July 27, 2022 and had been anticipated in this summary in the previous issue as:
"The antipode to this earthquake (in Luzon, Philippines) is at 18S 60W in northern South America. Enhanced
seismicity in this area from Chile to Peru and Bolivia is likely in the next
several days due to antipodal focusing of energy from the event in Luzon." (July 27, 2022)
It is likely that this activity in northern Chile was also promoted by the new moon
which arrives on July 28 as it occurred near the longitude and hour or maximum
tidal stresses as noted in this and previous issues of this summary
...
The last earthquake in Antofagasta, Chile within about 200 km of today's activity
occurred on September 11, 2020 with M 6.3. A major M 7.6 hit north of this on April 3, 2014
and and M 7.7 hit near today's activity on November 14, 2007." (July 28, 2022, July 19, 2024, March 6, 2025)
Today's epicenter is located at 145 degrees (node 5) from the M 6.9 in Honshu, Japan
and near the antipode of Typhoon Fung-Wong and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 10NOV2025 10:49:31 23.4S 70.3W MW=5.4 EMSC ANTOFAGASTA, CHILE
O: 11NOV2025 07:02:45 23.7S 68.7W ML=4.2 EMSC ANTOFAGASTA, CHILE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 in Antigua and Barbuda was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Antigua and Barbuda in Saint Peter at Parham.
O: 11NOV2025 03:28:37 13.8N 58.5W MW=5.0 EMSC BARBADOS REGION, WINDWARD ISL.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.7 in Utah was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Utah with III in Tremonton and II in Layton and Snowville.
O: 11NOV2025 02:30:07 41.9N 112.4W ML=2.7 EMSC UTAH
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.9 in Southern California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern California in Imperial and Brawley.
O: 11NOV2025 00:37:48 33.0N 115.8W ML=2.8 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 11NOV2025 00:37:48 33.0N 115.8W ML=2.9 NEIC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in North Island, New Zealand was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of North Island, New Zealand at Napier, Hawke's Bay and in Palmerston North, Manawatu-Wanganui.
O: 10NOV2025 18:51:31 38.9S 175.1E MB=4.6 EMSC NORTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in Western Turkey was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Western Turkey with III in Izmir, Silivri, Istanbul and II in Bursa, Balikesir and Menderes.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Turkey at Sindirgi, Bigadic, Gordes, Akhisar, Savastepe, Balikesir, Soma among others.
O: 10NOV2025 18:20:52 39.2N 28.1E ML=4.9 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 10NOV2025 21:02:55 39.2N 28.1E ML=4.3 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 11NOV2025 01:54:23 39.2N 28.2E Mw=4.1 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 11NOV2025 03:08:50 39.2N 28.2E Mw=4.0 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.6 in San Francisco Bay, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of San Francisco Bay, California with III in Hayward, Oakland, Walnut Creek, Pleasanton, San Ramon and II in Dublin, and Danville.
O: 10NOV2025 18:03:25 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.5 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 10NOV2025 18:03:25 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.6 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 11NOV2025 01:09:14 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.2 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.8 in Central Alaska was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Central Alaska with III in Talkeetna, and II in Chugiak, Anchorage, Palmer, Wasilla, Kenai, Eagle River and Willow.
O: 10NOV2025 07:23:57 62.2N 149.7W ML=3.8 EMSC CENTRAL ALASKA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TYPHOON FUNG-WONG (DEPRESSION 32W)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH FUNG-WONG 2025-11-11 00:00 UT 20.6N 119.1E 65 kts South of Taiwan
Typhoon Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region south of Taiwan with winds up to 50 kts and gusts to 65 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. It made landfall today as a typhoon with winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan and perhaps as far north as Honshu, Japan at that time. The antipode is at 21S 62W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and Bolivia and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 9, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0949 1004 1140 X5.1 (November 11, 2025) 3.9E-01 *
4860 0335 0343 0347 C2.6 (November 10, 2025) 1.5E-03
4870 0359 0410 0429 C2.6 (November 10, 2025) 4.3E-03
4880 0524 0530 0535 C2.3 (November 10, 2025) 1.5E-03
4910 0642 0651 0706 C2.8 (November 10, 2025) 4.6E-03
Western Turkey M 4.7 06:42 UT
4950 0855 0919 1019 X1.2 (November 10, 2025) 4.2E-01
Argentina M 4.9 09:10 UT
New Guinea M 4.4 09:19 UT
Banda Sea M 4.3 09:24 UT
Honshu M 5.2 09:59 UT
5040 1407 1418 1429 C6.0 (November 10, 2025) 7.0E-03
Greenland Sea M 4.1 14:12 UT, M 4.5 14:18 UT M 4.2 14:19 UT
5060 1451 1458 1508 C3.8 (November 10, 2025) 4.0E-03
5070 1511 1522 1530 C7.8 (November 10, 2025) 7.0E-03
So. Greece M 4.1 15:23 UT
Norwegian Sea M 4.3 15:24 UT
Western Turkey M 3.9 15:20 UT
5080 1615 1623 1626 C2.4 (November 10, 2025) 2.2E-03
5110 1626 1631 1637 C2.9 (November 10, 2025) 2.3E-03
5120 1637 1642 1645 C3.2 (November 10, 2025) 1.8E-03
5090 1708 1715 1725 C3.0 (November 10, 2025) 3.1E-03
Northern Mid-Atlantic M 4.9 17:37 UT
5100 1752 1813 1824 C5.3 (November 10, 2025) 7.7E-03
San Francisco M 2.5 18:03 UT
Western Turkey M 4.9 18:20 UT
5130 1902 1909 1911 C4.5 (November 10, 2025) 2.1E-03
Banda Sea M 4.9 19:14 UT
5150 1946 1957 2003 M1.5 (November 10, 2025) 8.2E-03
5190 2218 2221 2225 C5.8 (November 10, 2025) 2.6E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: major storms November 11 minor storms November 13 severe storms November 12. Solar M-flare chance: 75% X-class: 35% proton storm: 99%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 14 24 9 19:00 6 128 180
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 10, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A series of light earthquakes shook the San Francisco Bay, California area today.
The largest of these was an M 3.8 according to NEIC. NEIC reported it and other
events in the area today were widely felt in the San Francisco Bay area. Intensity IV
was reported from San Ramon, Diablo, Danville, San Mateo, San Ramon and Dublin with III in Palo Alto, Berkeley, Pleasanton, San Leandro, Discovery Bay, Daly City, Lafayette, Alamo, Oakland, Fremont, Livermore, San Leandro, Concord, Richmond, Benicia, Miliptas, San Francisco, Alameda, Hercules, San Lorenzo, Oakland, Emeryville, Union city, Concord, among others.
This is the strongest earthquake in the region of the San Francisco Bay area
of California since an M 4.3 northwest of this epicenter on September 22, 2025
but the last earthquake nearer to this epicenter of M>=3.8 was an M 3.9 on March 18, 2025
with these two earthquakes the only such event in the area in the past year.
At the time of the M 4.3 on September 22, 2025, this summary noted in part:
"Today's earthquake of M 4.3 in San Francisco, California is the strongest
recorded within about 50 km of San Francisco since an M 4.5 two years ago on
October 15, 2019. At the time this summary noted:
"The activity in San Francisco began several hours before local solar midnight
and was probably promoted by strong tidal stresses associated with the full moon
...
The last event in the San Francisco Bay area within about 75 km of today's epicenter
which exceeded M 4.5 occurred on August 24, 2014 when an M 6.0 hit the Napa area.
The last within the San Francisco Bay area was an M 5.6 more than 11 years ago on October 31, 2007." (October 15, 2019)
The last earthquake felt in this area of San Francisco (M 3.3) occurred on September 15 at the beginning of the strong geomagnetic storm aand
was noted in this summary as:
"A light earthquake of M 3.3 was widely felt in the San Francisco, California area today. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in Central California at Danville, Antioch, Brentwood, Clayton, Concord, Pittsburg, San Ramon, Walnut Creek, Novato and Santa Rosa with II shking in Salinas, Mountain View, San Francisco, Discovery Bay, Concord, Hayward, Livermore, Oakley, Dublin, San Ramon, Walnut Creek, Oakland, Santa Clara, Stockton, Oakdale, Wilton and Sacramento.
EMSC reported a quick shake in California at Antioch, Pittsburg, Clayton, Brentwood, Bay Point, Waldon, and Concord.
This event occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted by tidal
stresses which maximize near this hour. The last event within about 50 km
of this epicenter in the San Francisco, California area with M>=3.2 occurred
on June 9, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"A light M 3.2 was widely felt today in the area of San Francisco, California. NEIC receieved nearly 5000 felt reports from this event. These include maximum intensity IV in Half Moon Bay, Crockett, Hercules, Pinole, Port Costa, Rodeo, Berkeley, El Sobrante and III in Miramonte, Redwood City, Sunnyvale, San Francisco, San Mateo, American Canyon, Benicia, El Cerrito, Fairfield, Martinez, Napa, Orinda, Vallejo, Oakland, Albany, Richmond, San Pablo, San Rafael, Fairfax, Mill Valley, San Jose, Daly City, among others." (June 9, 2025, September 22, 2025)
The area of San Francisco was at exactly midnight local solar time when the
X1.7 flare occurred earlier in the day. This had been noted in the previous
issue of this summary as:
"It is of some interest that the X1.7 flare which appears to have triggered the
M 6.8 in Northern Honshu, Japan occurred while the area of San Francisco
and the western U.S. was near local solar midnight. This summary has
argued on several recent previous occasions that such a flare could trigger
a moderate earthquake in that area. Readers should be aware of this possibility
in the next several days. This was noted on October 26 issue of this
summary as:
"NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in Big Sur.
This continues a series of light earthquakes in Central California over the
past several days which has included a series in northern and southern San
Francisco Bay. As these events area located near 103 degrees from the
recent earthquakes in Mindanao and Leyte of M>7 it is likely they are
being promoted by energy from those sources. A moderate to strong earthquake
in this area of California is still considered likely in the near future.
Such a quake is most likely near local solar noon or midnight in conjuction
with a strong M- or X-class solar flare." (October 26, 2025, November 9, 2025)
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
4640 0654 0733 0843 X1.7 (November 9, 2025) 3.2E-01 *
Honshu M 6.8 08:03 UT
Andreanof Is. M 4.0 07:49 UT
Honshu M 4.5 07:36 UT
Ryukyu M 3.7 07:34 UT
Spain M 2.8 07:29 UT
Santa Barbara M 2.5 07:16 UT
Oaxaca M 4.5 07:06 UT
Taiwan M 4.1 07:01 UT
4720 1651 XXXX 1735 RSP (November 9, 2025) 4.4E-03
4730 1748 1807 1810 C3.4 (November 9, 2025) 4.4E-03
San Francisco M 2.3 18:00 UT M 2.3 17:48 UT M 3.8 17:39 UT
It is likely that the mainshock was promoted by SFE related to these
two solar flares.
This epicenter may also have been promoted by energy from the landfall of
Fung-Wong 100 degrees away and by the M 6.9 in Honshu, Japan which is at
the fifth node (72 degrees) from San Francisco. Major earthquakes in
Central Philippines of recent occurrence at 102-103 degrees from San Francisco
may also have helped promote today's earthquakes in Central California.
O: 09NOV2025 17:38:45 37.8N 122.0W ML=3.8 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 17:38:45 37.8N 122.0W ML=3.6 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 17:39:35 37.8N 121.9W ML=3.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 17:41:20 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.9 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 17:42:16 37.8N 122.0W MD=2.4 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 17:44:22 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.1 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 17:48:08 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.3 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 18:00:49 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.3 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 18:18:14 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.6 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 18:42:25 37.8N 121.9W ML=3.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 19:22:55 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.3 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 19:40:48 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 19:50:34 37.8N 121.9W MD=3.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
A strong M 6.9 earthquake occurred off northeastern Honshu, Japan today. It was
followed by an M 6.4 and an M 6.0 aftershock. This activity was discussed
in depth in the previous issue of this summary and readers are referred to
that issue for further details.
Following is a preliminary listing of earthquakes in this series today with
M>=4.0 as listed by EMSC.
These epicenters are at 30.0 degrees from the landfall of Typhoon Fung-Wong, possibly
significant as discussed in the previous issue of this summary:
"These epicenters are at 103 degrees from the South Geomagnetic pole and may
have been promoted by the strong geomagnetic storms currently in progress.
They are also at the 12th node (30.0 degrees) from the point of landfall
of Typhoon Fung-Wong in central Philippines which occurred about the time of
these events in Honshu. Readers may recall that this summary has emphasized
the distance from landfall storms as being often at 60 degrees separation
from unusual and strong simultaneous earthquakes. This distance from
the landfall of Kung-Wong at half this distance (30.0 degrees) is likely
significant as it is related to the sixth node. Harmonics of a vibrating
earth could explain this relationship." (November 9, 2025)
Far-Field triggering from the M 6.9 off northeastern Honshu today include:
Outer shadow zone edge (142-150 degrees)
Japan to Antofagasta, Chile
Node 3 (120 degrees)
Japan to Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, Panama, Guadelope, Azores
Inner shadow zone edge (101-108 degrees)
Japan to El Salvador, Chiapas, Guatemala, Gibraltar
Node 4 (90 degrees)
Japan to Arkansas, Texas, Quebec, Arkansas, New Zealand, central Mediterrean, Ethiopia, Gulf of California
Node 5 (72 degrees)
Japan to California-Nevada border, Central California, Yellowstone, Iran, Tonga,
Node 6 (60 degrees)
Japan to Afghanistan, Hawaii, Vancouver, SE Alaska, Sumatra, Santa Cruz Is,
Node 7 (51.4 degrees)
Japan to Andaman Is, Central Indonesia,
Node 8 (45 degrees)
Japan to Solomon Islands
Node 9 (40 degrees)
Japan to Papua New Guinea, New Britain
O: 10NOV2025 03:00:20 39.2N 143.0E MW=5.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:14:53 39.3N 143.4E Mw=5.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 11:11:24 39.3N 143.6E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 12:15:47 39.3N 143.3E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 22:04:14 39.3N 143.6E Mw=5.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 01:20:51 39.3N 143.5E Mw=5.3 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 06:18:40 39.3N 143.5E mb=4.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:49:50 39.4N 143.3E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 09:16:59 39.4N 143.3E mb=5.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 09:52:43 39.4N 143.4E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 16:42:26 39.4N 143.7E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:03:38 39.5N 143.3E Mw=6.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 08:34:02 39.5N 143.4E Mw=5.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 09:10:48 39.5N 143.4E Mw=5.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 09:21:35 39.5N 143.4E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 11:31:46 39.5N 143.6E mb=4.3 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 15:23:06 39.5N 143.4E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 15:44:21 39.5N 143.3E mb=4.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 00:40:08 39.5N 143.2E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 07:36:20 39.6N 143.3E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 08:11:27 39.6N 143.1E mb=5.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 08:54:37 39.6N 143.3E Mw=6.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 10:25:02 39.6N 143.4E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 13:50:15 39.6N 143.4E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 15:30:55 39.6N 143.3E mb=4.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 15:46:47 39.6N 143.2E mb=5.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 15:58:09 39.6N 143.3E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 18:28:39 39.6N 143.1E mb=4.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 07:22:17 39.6N 143.5E mb=5.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 07:23:18 39.6N 143.4E Mw=6.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 07:42:49 39.6N 143.5E mb=4.7 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 09:59:01 39.6N 143.3E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 09:28:24 39.7N 143.3E Mw=5.7 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 13:14:30 39.7N 143.6E mb=4.3 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 22:41:29 39.7N 143.2E mb=4.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 14:41:14 39.8N 143.3E mb=4.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 10NOV2025 01:55:15 39.8N 143.4E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
An earthquake of M 5.1 occurred today in southern Taiwan. NEIC reported it was felt with
intensity III in Taiwan in Shanhwa, Tainan, Huwei, Yunlin, Taichung and Chiali and II in Kaohsiung and Taipei, Taiwan.
The local network reported it was felt with with intensity IV in Kaohsiung, an Tainan; III in Chiayi, Pingtung, Yunlin, Hualien, and II in Taitung, Nantou, Changhua, Taichung and Penghu Counties, Taiwan.
It is likely that this earthquake was promoted by the landfall of Typhoon Fung-Wong
just to the south of this epicenter about the time of this event in Taiwan. This
had been expected in this and previous issues of this summary as:
"Typhoon Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region of central Philippines winds up to 105 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. It made landfall today as a typhoon with winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan and perhaps as far north as Honshu, Japan at that time. The antipode is at 17S 62W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and Bolivia and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time." (November 8-10, 2025)
O: 10NOV2025 05:00:48 23.2N 120.7E mb=5.1 EMSC TAIWAN
O: 10NOV2025 05:00:48 23.2N 120.7E mb=5.3 CWB TAIWAN
NEIC reported earthquake of M 4.7, M 4.7 and M 4.3 in Western Turkey were felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Western Turkey in Silivri and Sile.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Turkey at Sindirgi, Gordes, Demirci, Akhisar, Cagis, Soma, Savastepe, Balikesir among others.
O: 10NOV2025 06:41:41 39.1N 28.3E MB=4.7 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 09NOV2025 08:58:51 39.2N 28.0E ML=4.3 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 10NOV2025 02:48:58 39.2N 28.1E ML=4.7 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.7 in Southern Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern Alaska with III in Homer, and II in Soldotna and Eagle River.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.4 in Guam was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Guam with IV in Barrigada, Mongmong, Yona, Tamuning, Yigo, Santa Rita, Merizo, Sanajana and III in Rota, MP, and Hagatna, Guam.
This appears to be an aftershock of the M 5.9 in Guam of November 4, 2025.
This may have been promoted by the passage of Typhoon Fung-Wong several
days ago over Guam as reported in this summary at the time:
"TS Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region southwest of Guam with winds up to 50 kts. It could help promote moderate additional seismicity in Guam in the next day following an M 5.9 and M 4.8 earlier. It is then expected to track to the northwest making landfall in the Philippines around November 9-10as a major typhoon with winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan at that time. The antipode is at 10S 40W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time." (November 7, 2025)
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in northern Peru was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of northern Peru in Huanchanco, La Libertad.
O: 09NOV2025 13:42:13 8.5S 79.4W MB=4.8 EMSC NEAR COAST OF NORTHERN PERU
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 4.8 in the
eastern Andreanof Islands. NEIC reported it was probably felt in this region
with intensity up to IV but this was not confirmed.
The event occurred shortly after the X1.7 flare near local solar midnight and was probably promoted
by energy from that source. The last earthquake of M>=4.8 within about
200 km of this epicenter in the Alaskan Aleutian Islands occurred
on September 16, 2025 which in turn was an aftershock of an M 6.0 abouot 200 km
east of today's epicenter on September 3, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 6.0 in the Fox Islands, Aleutians, Alaska. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Nikolski, Alaska.
Foreshocks of M M 4.2 and M 5.0 occurred to the west of this event and were lightly felt in this epicentral area.
The mainshock occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted by
tidal and/or geeomagnetic effects which maximize near this hour.
This is the strongest earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter since
an M 6.0 on July 19, 2024. The last of larger magnitude in this area was an
M 6.6 on January 11, 2022." (September 3, 2025)
This activity is near the sixth node from the landfall position of Fung-Wong
and may have been promoted by energy from that source. A similar event of M 4.3 in Vanuatu
was also located today at the sixth node from Fung-Wong and from the M 6.8
in Japan and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 09NOV2025 09:52:37 52.0N 171.4W ML=3.7 EMSC FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
O: 09NOV2025 09:36:50 52.1N 171.3W mb=4.8 EMSC FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
O: 09NOV2025 14:20:54 52.1N 171.4W ML=3.9 EMSC FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
O: 10NOV2025 02:23:53 52.1N 171.4W ML=3.5 EMSC FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
O: 09NOV2025 12:05:36 52.2N 171.5W ML=4.0 EMSC FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TYPHOON FUNG-WONG (DEPRESSION 32W)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH FUNG-WONG 2025-11-10 00:00 UT 17.3N 120.2E 105 kts Central Philippines
Typhoon Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region of central Philippines winds up to 105 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. It made landfall today as a typhoon with winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan and perhaps as far north as Honshu, Japan at that time. The antipode is at 17S 62W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and Bolivia and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 9, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0850 0930 1200 X1.1 (November 10, 2025) 1.1E-01 *
New Guinea M 4.4 09:19 UT
Banda Sea M 4.3 09:24 UT
Argentina M 4.9 09:10 UT
Antofagasta M 5.4 10:49 UT
Honshu M 5.2 09:59 UT
4540 0133 0138 0142 C1.9 (November 9, 2025) 1.1E-03 *
Oregon M 3.2 01:37 UT
El Salvador M 4.9 01:49 UT
New Zealand M 4.4 01:58 UT
4560 0329 0335 0339 C1.9 (November 9, 2025) 1.2E-03
4580 0357 0414 0430 C6.2 (November 9, 2025) 9.0E-03
Hokkaido M 4.5 04:16 UT
Chiapas M 4.3 04:26 UT
4610 0536 0542 0555 C4.2 (November 9, 2025) 4.7E-03
4640 0654 0733 0843 X1.7 (November 9, 2025) 3.2E-01 *
Honshu M 6.8 08:03 UT
Andreanof Is. M 4.0 07:49 UT
Honshu M 4.5 07:36 UT
Ryukyu M 3.7 07:34 UT
Spain M 2.8 07:29 UT
Santa Barbara M 2.5 07:16 UT
Oaxaca M 4.5 07:06 UT
Taiwan M 4.1 07:01 UT
4680 1319 1326 1331 C1.9 (November 9, 2025) 1.4E-03
4690 1503 1509 1512 C1.6 (November 9, 2025) 8.7E-04
Kamchatka M 4.6 15:13 UT
4700 1549 1556 1600 C1.4 (November 9, 2025) 1.2E-03
Honshu M 4.6 15:58 UT M 5.0 15:57 YT
4710 1600 1607 1613 C1.6 (November 9, 2025) 1.4E-03
Argentina M 4.8 16:00 UT
4720 1651 XXXX 1735 RSP (November 9, 2025) 4.4E-03
4730 1748 1807 1810 C3.4 (November 9, 2025) 4.4E-03
San Francisco M 2.3 18:00 UT M 2.3 17:48 UT M 3.8 17:39 UT
Southern California M 2.0 17:58 UT
4740 1810 1835 1848 C5.4 (November 9, 2025) 1.1E-02
South Island, NZ M 4.1 18:17 UT
San Francisco M 2.6 18:18 UT
4770 2229 2236 2239 C1.7 (November 9, 2025) 9.9E-04
Gulf of California M 3.8 22:29 UT
Honshu M 4.9 22:41 UT
Guam M 5.4 22:53 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: major storms November 10-11 severe storms November 12. Solar M-flare chance: 75% X-class: 35% proton storm: 99%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 8 7 7 08:00 3 126 176
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 9, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
UPDATE:
A strong to major earthquake of M 6.8-7.0 has just occurred off the northeastern
coast of Honshu, Japan. Earthquakes of this size often generate a moderate
tsunami so residents are advised to avoid coastal areas at this time.
This earthquake was apparently triggered by a strong X1.7 class solar flare
as it occurred as this flare just past maximum output. Data from SWPC
for this flare follow.
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0701 0735 0810 X1.7 (November 9, 2025) 3.2e-01 *
Northeastern Honshu, Japan M 6.8 08:03 UT
This activity in northern Honshu, Japan may also have been promoted by the
tidal stresses with the full moon of November 5, 2025 as it occurs near
the longitude of maximum stress with that alignment. This was noted in
previous issues of this summary as:
"The full moon will arrive on November 5, 2025 at 13:19 UT. This is the closest
super-moon of the year (the moon is closest to earth at this time). Tidal stresses
will be exceptionally high and could lead to considerable seismic enhancement next week.
Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time are in the central Atlantic near 30 West longitude including the mid-Atlantic Ridge and Iceland while those at anti-solar positions are
near 150 East Longitude and include areas of eastern Indonesia, Kamchatka, Japan. These
are most likely to see tidal promotion of seismicity at this time but many areas
can see enhanced seismicity with the full moon which are not sub- or anti-solar.
Global seismicity is expected to moderate to moderately high November 3-8, 2025." (October 29-31, 2025)
This earthquake is the strongest in the area within about 200 km of this epicenter
since an M 7.0 on July 10, 2011. An M 7.3 on March 16, 2022 about 300 km southwest
of today's epicenter was the last such regional event. At the time this
summary noted:
"A major earthquake of M 7.3 off the east coast of Honshu, Japan followed an M 6.4 minutes earlier.
Today's mainshock killed four in Fukushima, Japan and did minor damage
throughout the area. More than 97 were injured in this earthquake but millions
lost power. Some trains came off their tracks but no injuries
were reported with these incidents. High Speed trains were temporarily
shut down. A tsunami warning was issued and waves of up to 20 cm were
reported. No damage was reported at nuclear facilities with these earthquakes. Some
residents of Fukushima were evacuated for fear of tsunamis. This is the strongest earthquake in this area since a similar M 7.3 on February 13, 2021.
An M 9.3+ earthquake shook this area and triggered a major Pacific-wide tsunami
NEIC reported maximum intensity IX with the M 7.3 with damage was felt in Namie, Fukushima with VIII in Haramachi, Soma, Watan, Natori, Shiogama, Miyagi and lesser shaking throughout most of eastern Honshu, Japan.
The M 6.5 foreshock was reported with maximum intensity VII in Miyagi and V in Fukushima
with lesser shaking in Chiba, Saitama, and Tokyo Prefectures, Japan.
These earthquakes occurred within a couple of minutes of local solar midnight and were probably
promoted by strong tidal and geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this
hour. Today's earthquake followed a major geomagnetic storm of the past
three days. A series of M-class solar flares have been occurring over
the past day and a moderate geomagnetic sudden commencement storm began about
14:00 UT today, coincident with the earthquakes in Japan and may have
helped trigger this activity. The previous description of this geomagnetic
storm in this summary was:
"The geomagnetic field saw disturbed conditions today. The AP level was 14. High latitude geomagnetic field was also disturbed with AP 10. This continues the strongest geomagnetic storm since November 4, 2021 when planetary AP reached 69 and high latitude AP was 131. High latitude geomagnetic field saw major storm conditions with AP 65. This may be followed by enhanced seismicity near the geomagnetic equator and at high latitudes. SWPC expected a major geomagnetic storm is likely March 14. This could bring enhanced global seismicity including the possibility of a strong earthquake." (March 13-15, 2022)
As noted at the time of the last moderate earthquakes in this region of Japan,
seismic activity in this region is often triggered by unusually strong solar
flares. On February 15 and X2.2 flare was followed by events of M 5.4 and 5.7
at the same epicenter as today's earthquake, events which were foreshocks
to those of today. At the time we noted:
"A pair of moderate earthquakes also occurred north of Indonesia in
the area off the east coast of Honshu, Japan today with M 5.4, 5.7.
These earthquake were well offshore and were not reported felt on
the Japanese mainland. This epicenter was also subsolar during the great
X2.2 flare today. Japan often shows strong triggering with major
flares on the sun. The timing places the earthquake occurring four minutes
after flare 7180, a C1.7 flare." (February 15, 2011)
As with the foreshocks of February 15, the mainshock today occurred about 15 minutes after local solar noon (sub-solar).
At exactly local solar noon the largest solar flare of the day, a C6.4 class solar flare
occurred which may have been the immediate trigger for this earthquake.
The largest flare since the X2.2 on February 15 occurred several hours
earlier on March 8 as an M3.7 flare (#1830). The sun has been at its most
active state since February 15 with at least six M-class solar flares in
the past two days." February 14-15, 2021)
In previous issues of this summary seismicity which may have been foreshocks
to today's large events was noted for example as:
"Areas which are particularly sensitive to geomagnetic storms and strong solar
flares include many areas in the western Pacific subduction zone including
Japan. Recent moderate earthquakes occurred off eastern Honshu, Japan with M 4.8
on March 11 and M 5.1 on March 4, 2022. These areas are likely to continue to see strong seismicity in
the next several days. " (March 14-15, 2022).
The last earthquake off the eastern coast of Honshu, Japan of M>=7.3 occurred
on February 13, 2021. At the time this summary noted in regard to far-field triggering:
"Far-field triggering is possible from the M 7.1 in Japan today. Areas at 144 degrees
include the South Shetland Islands, northern Chile and southern Peru; near 103 degrees
in central and western Mexico, the Madeira Islands, southern Spain, Madagascar, Mayotte,
at 120 degrees (node 3) at Panama and Costa Rica and Puerto Rico; at 90 degrees (node 4)
at Oklahoma and Texas, South Island, New Zealand; at 72 degrees (node 5) in Central and northern
California, Iceland, Crotia, eastern Europe and Turkey, Fiji, Tonga, Loyalty Islands; in
western Indonesia at 60 degrees (node 6); in Tajikistan, Indonesia, Philippines at node 7 (51 degrees)
and in New Britain, Xizang, Alaska Peninsula at node 8 (45 degrees)." (February 13-14, 2021)
The last earthquake off the east coast of Honshu, Japan with M>=7.3 was an
M 7.2-7.3 on February 13, 2021 near today's epicenter. The last of larger
magnitude within about 300 km of today's epicenter was an M 7.3 on December 7, 2012
and prior to that the M 9.1 on March 11, 2011. At M 7.4 this is the strongest
aftershock in this region since the great earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011." (March 17, 2022)
The strong geomagnetic storm continued today with the highest value of K
7 at high latitudes near 08:00 UT. This storm gradually diminished throughout
the day and renewed global seismicity increasingly seems likely to follow
today and tomorrow.
An M 4.9 earthquake occurred yesterday in the area off the east coast of northern
Honshu, Japan. This is an area where a strong earthquake could occur in conjunction
with Typhoon Fung-Wong as it is located at the 12th node from the eye of that
storm (30.0 degrees). Honshu, Japan often sees triggered seismicity near local noon with major solar flares. Such a flare at this time
could help trigger a large regional earthquake. For example on November 4, 2025 a flare of X1.1 was immediately
followed by an M 4.5 in northeastern Honshu with the following parameters
setting off the current series in the region.
NEIC reported slight damage with the M 6.8 today and that it was felt with
intensity IV in Akita, Japan and II-III in Tokyo and Sendai, Miyagi.
The mainshock was reported felt with intensity V in Aomori at Misawa; in Iwate at Yamada, and in Hakodate, Hokkaido; IV in Numata, Gunma, and III in Tokyo, and in Miyagi at Furukawa, Sendai, Koriyama, Fukushima, Morioka and Nakashibetsu.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Japan at Morioka, Kazuno, Urayasu, Tokyo, and Yuzhno-Kurilsk.
These epicenters are at 103 degrees from the South Geomagnetic pole and may
have been promoted by the strong geomagnetic storms currently in progress.
They are also at the 12th node (30.0 degrees) from the point of landfall
of Typhoon Fung-Wong in central Philippines which occurred about the time of
these events in Honshu. Readers may recall that this summary has emphasized
the distance from landfall storms as being often at 60 degrees separation
from unusual and strong simultaneous earthquakes. This distance from
the landfall of Kung-Wong at half this distance (30.0 degrees) is likely
significant as it is related to the sixth node. Harmonics of a vibrating
earth could explain this relationship. JMA expected minor tsunami heights
of up to 1 meter with the mainshock but at this writing none had been observed.
O: 09NOV2025 08:14:53 39.3N 143.4E MW=5.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 09:16:58 39.3N 143.2E mb=5.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 11:11:25 39.3N 143.5E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 08NOV2025 08:13:21 39.4N 143.4E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 08NOV2025 21:04:16 39.4N 143.4E Mw=5.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 08NOV2025 22:26:59 39.4N 143.4E mb=5.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 00:17:29 39.4N 143.4E Mw=5.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 02:32:40 39.4N 143.4E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:49:52 39.4N 143.4E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 09:52:43 39.4N 143.4E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 08NOV2025 10:54:18 39.5N 143.3E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 08NOV2025 20:29:15 39.5N 143.3E Mw=5.3 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 08NOV2025 22:15:09 39.5N 143.3E Mw=5.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 08NOV2025 22:33:48 39.5N 143.3E Mw=5.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:03:38 39.5N 143.3E Mw=6.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:34:02 39.5N 143.4E mb=5.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:54:36 39.5N 143.4E Mw=6.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 09:10:47 39.5N 143.4E Mw=5.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 09:21:35 39.5N 143.4E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 10:25:03 39.5N 143.5E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 07:36:22 39.6N 143.7E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:11:27 39.6N 143.1E mb=5.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 09:28:23 39.6N 143.5E Mw=5.7 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
Another moderately large earthquake today occurred about 1.5 hours before the
mainshock in Honshu, Japan. This event was an M 5.5 in the Andaman Islands, India.
NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands at Bombuflat and II in Port Blair and in Ban Bung Chon Buri, Thailand/
This event occurred near local solar noon and was probably promoted by tidal
and/or geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this hour. The last earthquake
in the Andaman Islands within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=5.5
was an M 5.7 and M 6.1 on July 17, 2020. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today occurred as an M 6.1 in the Andaman Islands, India. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity I-II in Port Blair and Bombuflat, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
The M 6.1 was accompanied by a series of moderate foreshocks and aftershocks
including events of M 4.8 and M 5.6 near local solar midnight, a prime time for tidal triggering.
The Andaman Islands are capable of great earthquakes but the last of M>=6.1
within about 250 km of today's epicenter was an M 6.5 more than 10 years ago
on May 31, 2010. The area was active to the north following the great tsunamigenic
quake of Boxing Day (December 26, 2004) which killed upward toward a quarter million
around the Indian Ocean. Strong quakes followed every two years after that up to 2010
when quiet conditions returned to the region." (July 17, 2020)
Like the strong earthquakes in Honshu, Japan today this event is also located
at 30.0 degrees from the landfall of Typhoon Fung-Wong ( 14.3N 124.2E) and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 09NOV2025 06:38:29 12.5N 93.7E MW=5.5 EMSC ANDAMAN ISLANDS, INDIA REGION
The previous version of today's summary had noted this activity in Honshu as:
Early on November 8 after this summary went to press, a series
of moderate earthquakes occurred in this region including some that were
strongly felt. This epicenter is off the coast and not near populated areas
but a strong regional earthquake following major geomagnetic storms could
bring the possibility of a regional tsunami.
An earthquake of M 5.7 hit near this epicenter on August 21, 2024 and an M 6.0 hit south
of this on October 4, 2025, a month ago. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.0 off the coast of Honshu, Japan. NEIC reported it was felt with maximum intensityV in Fukushima and IV in Shirakawa, Fukushima, Japan. Intensity III was also felt in Chiba Prefecture at Chiba, Narashino, Tomisato; in Koriyama, Fukushima, Oizumi, Gunma, and II in Chiba at Urayasu, Nagaryama, Matsudo.
EMSC reported it was felt with strong shaking in Kamagaya, Tokyo, Japan. JMA reported
maximum shaking of V (Japanese scale) at Ken Hamadori, Fukushima near local solar midnight with intensity II-III throughout most of eastern Honshu, Japan. No tsunami was expected nor observed.
This is the first earthquake of M>=6 off the east coast of Honshu, Japan since
an M 6.1 on April 4, 2024 and an M 6.1 on May 26, 2023. But the last event
within about 250 km of today's epicenter of significantly larger magnitude than
M 6.0 occurred 3.5 years ago as an M 7.3 on March 16, 2022. At the time of the
event on April 4, 2024 this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.1 in the region of eastern Honshu, Japan. NEIC reported it was felt with maximum intensity IV in Minami-Soma, Honshu, Japan.
EMSC reported moderate to strong shaking in Japan at Minuma, Nakahara, Tokyo.
No major damage was reported with this earthquake. The last earthquake of M>=6.1
off the east coast of Honshu, Japan within about 150 km of this epicenter occurred
on March 16, 2022 with M 7.3 - an event which, like today's occurred at the end
of a strong geomagnetic storm. Today's event caused some concern of a repeat
of the March 11, 2011 earthquake and tsunami of M>9. That event however
was probably triggered by several strong X-class flares and the current
solar conditions are quiet, so a repeat appears unlikely at this time.
At the time of March 16, 2022 event this summary noted:
"A major earthquake of M 7.3 off the east coast of Honshu, Japan followed an M 6.4 minutes earlier.
Today's mainshock killed four in Fukushima, Japan and did minor damage
throughout the area. More than 97 were injured in this earthquake but millions
lost power. Some trains came off their tracks but no injuries
were reported with these incidents. High Speed trains were temporarily
shut down. A tsunami warning was issued and waves of up to 20 cm were
reported. No damage was reported at nuclear facilities with these earthquakes. Some
residents of Fukushima were evacuated for fear of tsunamis. This is the strongest earthquake in this area since a similar M 7.3 on February 13, 2021.
An M 9.3+ earthquake shook this area and triggered a major Pacific-wide tsunami
NEIC reported maximum intensity IX with the M 7.3 with damage was felt in Namie, Fukushima with VIII in Haramachi, Soma, Watan, Natori, Shiogama, Miyagi and lesser shaking throughout most of eastern Honshu, Japan.
The M 6.5 foreshock was reported with maximum intensity VII in Miyagi and V in Fukushima
with lesser shaking in Chiba, Saitama, and Tokyo Prefectures, Japan.
These earthquakes occurred within a couple of minutes of local solar midnight and were probably
promoted by strong tidal and geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this
hour. Today's earthquake followed a major geomagnetic storm of the past
three days. A series of M-class solar flares have been occurring over
the past day and a moderate geomagnetic sudden commencement storm began about
14:00 UT today, coincident with the earthquakes in Japan and may have
helped trigger this activity." (March 16, 2022, April 4, 2024)
This event occurred near local solar midnight and was probably promoted by
tidal stresses with the upcominig full and super moon of October 7 as noted
in previous issues of this summary:
"The full moon will arrive at 03:47 UT on October 7, 2025. This is the largest super-moon of the year as it is closest to earth at this time. This in turn, considerably enhances tidal stresses (at the inverse third power of distance) and can lead to larger global earthquakes within a couple of days of the full moon. Longitudes at local solar noon are near 124 East and those at local solar midnight are near 56 West longitude. In the west these include the northern and Eastern Caribbean as well as areas of western South America while in the East longitudes near 126 E are located in the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, and Indonesia among others. These are the most likely areas to see tidal triggering at this time, but other areas could see significant enhancement in seismicity in the next several days. These would most likely see seismic enhancement near local solar noon or midnight. A strong to major earthquake is considered likely with this new moon before October 8, 2025.
This includes the aftershock area of the earthquake of M 6.9 in the Philiippines of September 30 (at 124E longitude) and is likely to enhance regional seismicity in that area at this time." (October 2, 2025)
The earthquake of M 6.0 in Japan also coincided with a major peak in the
intensity of the current geomagnetic storm. This occurred around 12:00 - 17:00 UT
with K-index at high latitudes reaching 7 (Gs storm) at 12:00 and 15:00 UT.
In the previous summary this possibility had been emphasized as:
"The strong geomagnetic storm continued today with Planetary AP 30; high latitude
45 and middle latitude 20. This storm has delayed stronger seismicity but
this is probably about to end. The full moon will arrive early on October 7
with maximum stress in the ring of fire in the western Pacific which includes
highly seismic areas of Japan, Indonesia and the Philippines. On the
basis of previous observations and discussions in this summary these regions
are susceptible to geomagnetic seismic triggering, especially in Japan which
has been relatively quiet during this storm and prior to it. It is likely
that a strong earthquake will accompany the end of the storm or a sudden
flareup of the storm in the next two days (October 4-6, 2025)." (October 4, 2025)
An M 4.5 earthquake about 250 km north of today's M 6.0 preceded it as a regional
foreshock about an hour earlier but was not reported felt.
This activity in Japan occurred as Tropical Storm Halong was making land fall in
the Volcano and Bonin Islands of southeastern Japan and may have been
promoted by energy associated with that landfall.
"TS HALONG 2025-10-05 00:00 UT 25.5N 141.9E 70 kts Bonin Islands, Japan
Tropical Storm Halong (28W) continued today in the area of the Bonin Islands, Japan with winds up to 70 kts. This system is moving to the northwest and could help promote seismicity in the Bonin Islands north to Honshu in the next day. It will turn to the east around October 8 and with the full moon could promote a moderate to large earthquake in that area of Japan at the time. The current antipode is at 25S 39W in the South Atlantic and is not expected to see enhanced seismicity at this time." (October 5, 2025)
Today's events in Japan are located at 101-103 degrees from the south Geomagnetic
pole and are likely being promoted by energy that accumulated there with the
current geomagnetic storm. The M 6.0 is also at the 12th node (30 degrees) from
the M 6.9 in Leyte, Philippines and may have been promoted by energy associated
with that source." (October 4, 2025)
O: 08NOV2025 02:36:09 39.5N 143.3E MB=4.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPA
It is of some interest that the X1.7 flare which appears to have triggered the
M 6.8 in Northern Honshu, Japan occurred while the area of San Francisco
and the western U.S. was near local solar midnight. This summary has
argued on several recent previous occasions that such a flare could trigger
a moderate earthquake in that area. Readers should be aware of this possibility
in the next several days. This was noted on October 26 issue of this
summary as:
"NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in Big Sur.
This continues a series of light earthquakes in Central California over the
past several days which has included a series in northern and southern San
Francisco Bay. As these events area located near 103 degrees from the
recent earthquakes in Mindanao and Leyte of M>7 it is likely they are
being promoted by energy from those sources. A moderate to strong earthquake
in this area of California is still considered likely in the near future.
Such a quake is most likely near local solar noon or midnight in conjuction
with a strong M- or X-class solar flare." (October 26, 2025)
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.5 in the Santa Barbara Channel, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Santa Barbara Channel, California in Goleta.
This epicenter is at 103 degrees from the landfall of Typhoon Kung-Wong in Central
Philippines as well as at 103-105 degrees from the Drake Passage and
major earthquakes in Central Philippines of recent days and may have been promoted
by energy from those sources.
O: 09NOV2025 07:16:26 34.4N 120.1W ML=2.5 EMSC SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.7 in Tennessee was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Tennessee with II in Obion, Ridgely and II in Dyersburg.
This epicenter is at the third node (120 degrees) from the landfall of Typhoon Fung-Wong
and at the fifth node from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy
from those sources.
O: 09NOV2025 06:49:08 36.2N 89.4W ML=2.7 EMSC TENNESSEE
NEIC reported earthquakes of M 4.9 and M 4.8 in El Salvador were felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of El Salvador with IV in Zaragoza, Izalco, Tecoluca, Juayua, Nuevo Cuscatlan, Mejicanos, Apopa, San Salvador, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, Santiago de Maria Usulutan.
These eoucebters are at the fourth node (90 degrees) from Kamchatka and
may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 09NOV2025 01:49:05 13.0N 88.7W MW=4.9 EMSC OFFSHORE EL SALVADOR
O: 09NOV2025 01:49:06 13.0N 88.6W mb=4.8 EMSC OFFSHORE EL SALVADOR
O: 08NOV2025 06:40:50 12.8N 88.9W ML=4.1 EMSC OFFSHORE EL SALVADOR
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.1 in Yellowstone NP, Wyoming was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Yellowstone NP, Wyoming.
Like the M 3.1 in Santa Barbara and the strong swarm yesterday in the Gulf of
California this epicenter is located at 103 degrees from the landfall position
of Typhoon Fung-Wong and recent strong earthquakes in Central Philippines
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 08NOV2025 15:04:20 44.8N 110.9W ML=3.0 EMSC YELLOWSTONE NAT. PARK, WYOMING
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TYPHOON FUNG-WONG (DEPRESSION 32W)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH FUNG-WONG 2025-11-09 00:00 UT 14.3N 123.2E 115 kts Central Philippines
Typhoon Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region of central Philippines winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. It made landfall today as a typhoon with winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan and perhaps as far north as Honshu, Japan at that time. The antipode is at 14S 57W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 8, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0701 0735 0810 X1.7 (November 9, 2025) 3.2e-01 *
Northeastern Honshu, Japan M 6.8 08:03 UT
4240 0108 0128 0138 C4.8 (November 8, 2025) 6.1E-03
Honshu M 4.9 01:13 UT
Celebes Sea M 4.3 01:11 UT
Peru M 3.7 01:25 UT
4250 0229 0236 0253 C2.5 (November 8, 2025) 3.3E-03
Honshu M 4.9 02:36 UT
4270 0402 0408 0413 C1.8 (November 8, 2025) 1.2E-03
Fiji M 5.6 04:15 UT
4300 0507 0513 0517 C1.9 (November 8, 2025) 1.2E-03
Oaxaca M 4/1 05:09 UT
4320 0557 0602 0605 C2.0 (November 8, 2025) 1.5E-03
Chiapas M 4.3 05:57 UT
4350 0605 0617 0632 C4.1 (November 8, 2025) 5.7E-03
4330 0708 0714 0720 C3.7 (November 8, 2025) 2.4E-03
4340 0746 0753 0802 C2.2 (November 8, 2025) 2.1E-03
Kuril Is. M 4.5 07:56 UT
4360 1019 1026 1030 C2.3 (November 8, 2025) 1.4E-03
Gulf of California M 4.0 10:18 UT
4370 1255 1258 1301 C3.8 (November 8, 2025) 1.2E-03
4400 1450 1500 1514 C2.0 (November 8, 2025) 2.8E-03
4440 1916 1923 1927 C2.4 (November 8, 2025) 1.4E-03
4460 2041 2046 2054 C1.7 (November 8, 2025) 1.3E-03
H
November 8, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The current geomagnetic storm continued today. It reached maximum disturbance with high latitude K-index near 5 throughout most of the day.
This storm is likely to continue to dampen global seismicity while at high k-values
with stronger seismicity returning within about a day after the storm ceases.
This had been emphasized in the previous issue of this summary as:
"This storm is the result of two X-class flares which occurred on November 4 (for commentary
on these flares see previous issues of this summary). Strong geomagnetic
storms tend to dampen seismicity as ionospheric ring currents are disrupted
during these storms and cannot induce telluric currents until the currents
reform several days later. Global seismicity in the next two days (or as long
as these geomagnetic storms continue) is therefore expected to be relatively quiet.
With today's geomagnetic storm, global seismicity quickly turned quiet.
No significant earthquakes were recorded in the world today. For the first time
in months there were no earthquakes of M>=5 recorded in the world." Quiet
seismicity also continued today. The strongest earthquake of the day was an
M 5.6-5.7 in the Gulf of California. This follows a series of lighter events
in that region as reported in the previous issue of this summary:
"activity occurred in the Gulf of California with a series including an M 4.9.
Global seismicity is expected to resume in about two days at a level
above background.
The earthquakes of M 4.8 and M 4.9 in the Gulf of California today are
the strongest in that area within about 200 km of today's epicenter since
an M 6.1 on November 4, 2022. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.1-6.2 in the northern Gulf of California. NEIC reported it was felt in Sonora, Mexico with intensity IV in Bahia de Kino, Guaymas and in San Luis, Baja California, Mexico. Intensity II-III was reported in Sonora at Hermosillo, Obregon, Nogales and in Guerrero Negro, Baja California, Mexico.
Earthquakes in this area can stress faults to the north in Southern California,
leading to enhanced seismicity in that area. A series of moderate foreshocks
have hit this area in the past several days leading to today's mainshock.
These included an M 4.1 and 4.2 on November 1 and 2, 2022. The last earthquake
within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=6 was an M 7.0 ten years ago on April 12, 2012.
At the time this summary noted in this regard:
"The earthquake of M 6.9-7.1 in the Gulf of California is the strongest
to occur in this region of the Gulf in at least 22 years. A slightly
smaller event hit the region on August 3, 2009 with M 6.8-6.9." (April 12, 2012, November 4, 2022)
Seismic migration may occur to the north of these epicenters affecting
southern California in several days with seismic enhancement.
This epicenter is near the third node (and sixth node) (120 degrees)
from the landfall in Vietnam of Typhoon Kalmaegi today and may have been
promoted by energy associated with that source." (November 7, 2025)
EMSC reports only one earthquake in the world of M>5.1 from November 4 to 7, 2025, when these strong geomagnetic storms began,
a sharp decline in global seismicity. This was an M 5.7 in the South Sandwich
Islands at the time of a major solar flare on November 5. This pattern was broken today with events
of M 5.7 in the Gulf of California; Fiji; M 5.3 in Kamchatka and M 5.0
in the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Today's event of M 5.6-5.7 in the Gulf of California was reported by NEIC to
have been felt in Sonora, Mexico with intensity III in Guaymas and II in Obregon, Bahia de Kino and Hermosillo.
The earthquake in the Gulf of California of M 5.6-5.7 was located at 103 degrees
from the position of Typhoon Fung-wong at the time when this swarm began on
November 7, 2025. This is a distance at which triggering form large energy events on the
earth's surface are expected and the activity in the Gulf of California
may be directly related to Typhoon Kung-wong.
O: 07NOV2025 12:04:30 28.0N 112.0W MW=5.6 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 07NOV2025 09:27:48 27.8N 111.9W ML=3.0 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 07NOV2025 09:44:07 27.9N 111.9W ML=3.5 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 07NOV2025 10:00:09 27.9N 112.0W ML=3.1 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 07NOV2025 12:16:06 27.9N 112.0W ML=4.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 07NOV2025 12:59:23 27.9N 112.0W mb=4.6 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 10:26:14 27.8N 111.9W ML=4.5 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 21:53:46 27.8N 111.9W ML=3.7 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 22:45:54 27.8N 111.8W ML=3.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 13:25:56 27.9N 112.0W mb=4.9 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 16:36:10 27.9N 112.0W Mw=4.8 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 22:04:50 27.9N 112.0W ML=3.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 07NOV2025 00:15:27 27.9N 111.9W mb=4.4 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
An earthquake of M 5.6 was also recorded in the area of northern Fiji today. NEIC
reported it may have been felt with intensity up to II in this remote area due
to its deep focus of 495 km. This is the strongest earthquake in Fiji within
about 200 km of this epicenter since an M 5.6 on August 26, 2025. The
last event in the region of larger magnitude was an M 5.9 one year ago on November 6, 2024 (and again on November 23, 2024).
Today's earthquake joined three other moderate earthquakes in this area today
including those with magnitude M 4.5, 4.7 and 4.5. The mainshock of M 5.6
is located at the sixth node from the eye of Typhoon Kung-wong and the
others are also located near this distance from Kung-Wong and major
earthquakes in the central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy
from these sources.
This summary has extensively cover the sixth nodal (60 degrees) triggering from Hurricane
Melissa and Typhoon Kalmaegi in recent issues. It has been extensive and
has involved a number of significant earthquakes. This appears to be
continuing with Typhoon Kung-wong.
O: 08NOV2025 04:15:04 18.4S 177.8W MW=5.6 EMSC FIJI REGION
O: 07NOV2025 17:46:42 23.4S 179.8W MB=4.5 EMSC SOUTH OF FIJI ISLANDS
O: 07NOV2025 09:40:11 21.8S 175.3W MB=4.7 EMSC TONGA
O: 07NOV2025 17:32:02 18.1S 178.4W MB=4.5 EMSC FIJI REGION
A moderate earthquake of M 3.8 also occurred today in the Fox Islands, Alaska.
Like the events in Fiji today this epicenter is also at the sixth node (60 degrees)
from the eye of Typhoon Kung-wong and may have been promoted by energy
from that source.
O: 07NOV2025 23:43:59 52.1N 171.4W ML=3.8 EMSC FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
A moderate earthquake of M 5.0 also occurred today in the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
NEIC did not report it was felt in this epicentral area which is remote.
This epicenter is at 144-146 degrees from recent major earthquakes in central
Philippines; Kamchatka and the eye of Typhoon Kung-wong today and was
probably promoted by focused energy from these sources.
This is a somewhat unusual earthquake. The last earthquake within about 200 km
of this epicenter with M>=5 in the Central Atlantic occurred more than
35 years ago. Most moderate earthquakes in this area occur about 250 km northeast
of today's epicenter near 14W longitude. The last of these was an M 5.0 on August 21, 2024 and June 2, 2015.
A series of earthquake in this area accompanied an M 6.3 on May 24, 2015 (from
January to June, 2014). At the time of the mainshock this summary noted:
"The earthquake in the South Atlantic of M 6.3 was preceded by foreshocks of M 4.9 and 5.0
and may be associated with a major volcanic episode on the Southern Atlantic Ridge.
It is the strongest earthquake in this region of the ridge in more than 25 years.
The previous largest was an M 5.8 on July 23, 2003. This activity is located at
142 degrees from the strong earthquakes in Samoa of late March, a distance
at which seismic energy is concentrated following large events and may help
promote subsequent seismicity." (May 24, 2015)
O: 07NOV2025 23:20:59 17.6S 16.2W MB=5.0 EMSC SOUTHERN MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
An earthquake of M 4.9 also occurred in the Central Mid-Atlantic Ridge today.
It was not reported felt in this epicentral area and, like the event in
the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge was located at 145 degrees from Typhoon Fung-Wong
and was probably promoted by energy from that event. This earthquake occurred
near local solar noon and may have been promoted by tidal stresses with
the full moon of November 5 as described at the time in this summary:
"The full moon will arrive on November 5, 2025 at 13:19 UT. This is the closest
super-moon of the year (the moon is closest to earth at this time). Tidal stresses
will be exceptionally high and could lead to considerable seismic enhancement next week.
Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time are in the central Atlantic near 30 West longitude including the mid-Atlantic Ridge and Iceland while those at anti-solar positions are
near 150 East Longitude and include areas of eastern Indonesia, Kamchatka, Japan. These
are most likely to see tidal promotion of seismicity at this time but many areas
can see enhanced seismicity with the full moon which are not sub- or anti-solar.
Global seismicity is expected to moderate to moderately high November 3-8, 2025." (October 29-31, 2025)
The last earthquake with M>=4.9 within about 200 km of this epicenter occurred as an M 5.4
on November 12, 2024 a year ago.
O: 07NOV2025 14:02:40 0.9S 12.8W ML=4.9 NEIC CENTRAL MID-ATLANTIC
GeoNet reported an M 5.4 in the Wellington New Zealand area on November 6 with
the following parameters:
O: 06NOV2025 08:09:54 41.2S 174.5E MB=5.4 GEONET 29583 people reported feeling this earthquake with 7739 at weak intensity and 15369 with light shaking and 5916 with moderate intensity 509 with strong, 19 with severe and 31 with extreme intensity.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL STORM FUNG-WONG (DEPRESSION 32W)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS FUNG-WONG 2025-11-08 00:00 UT 13.6N 128.6E 110 kts East of Central Philippines
TS Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region east of central Philippines winds up to 110 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. It is then expected to track to the northwest making landfall in the Philippines around November 9-10 as a typhoon with winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan at that time. The antipode is at 13S 53W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 7, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
3780 0025 0031 0033 C1.7 (November 7, 2025) 8.9E-04
Izu Is. M 4.9 00:20 UT
3800 0122 0128 0135 C1.5 (November 7, 2025) 1.2E-03
Kamchatka M 4.8 01:35 UT
3820 0215 0227 0238 C2.2 (November 7, 2025) 2.8E-03
Bali M 4.2 02:21 UT
Mindanao M 4.2 02:27 UT
3840 0252 0256 0300 C2.1 (November 7, 2025) 1.1E-03
3900 0349 0357 0402 C3.6 (November 7, 2025) 2.8E-03
3930 0524 0529 0531 C5.1 (November 7, 2025) 2.0E-03
Luzon M 4.5 05:24 UT
Tarapaca M 4.3 05:30 UT
3950 0631 0716 0753 M1.7 (November 7, 2025) 5.4E-02
Leyte M 4.2 05:59 UT
Kamchatka M 4.5 07:41 UT
Vietnam M 4.0 07:52 UT
3970 0919 0926 0932 C8.7 (November 7, 2025) 5.1E-03
4020 1246 1249 1251 C3.1 (November 7, 2025) 1.4E-03
Kamchatka M 4.3 12:58 UT
4030 1319 1329 1339 C4.5 (November 7, 2025) 4.8E-03
Kuril Is. M 4.5 13:46 UT
4040 1455 1501 1506 C2.6 (November 7, 2025) 1.7E-03
Izu Is M 4.6 14:52 UT
Loyalty Is. M 4.9 14:51 UT
4050 1542 1551 1556 C6.9 (November 7, 2025) 3.3E-03
4070 1650 1704 1709 C5.1 (November 7, 2025) 4.0E-03
4080 1750 1754 1800 C2.4 (November 7, 2025) 1.4E-03
Vancouver Is. M 3.8, 3.7 17:59 UT 18:00 UT
4100 1806 1815 1819 C3.5 (November 7, 2025) 2.2E-03
So. Aleutian Is. M 4.4 18:21 UT
4130 1912 1919 1922 C1.8 (November 7, 2025) 1.1E-03
4140 1931 1937 1949 C1.5 (November 7, 2025) 1.7E-03
Azores M 4.1 19:49 UT
4150 1952 1956 1959 C2.7 (November 7, 2025) 1.0E-03
San Francisco M 2.1 20:03 UT
4160 2026 2045 2107 C5.8 (November 7, 2025) 1.0E-02
Kamchatka M 4.4 20:29 UT
4200 2248 2255 2300 C2.5 (November 7, 2025) 1.7E-03
4220 2304 2307 2311 C2.8 (November 7, 2025) 1.3E-03
Southern Mid-Atlantic M 5.0 23:21 UT
Guerrero M 4.0 23:08 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: major storms November 8 minor storms November 9 and major storms November 10. Solar M-flare chance: 75% X-class: 25% proton storm: 10%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 32 35 20 12:00 5 133 166
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 7, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The expected geomagnetic storm today was a G3 event according to SWPC having reached
Planetary K-index of 6.67 around 0300-0600 UT. This is the strongest planetary
storm in more than a month with Planetary A value of 43. SWPC warns that this storm could disrupt
communications and cause trouble with satellite communications. Strong auroral lights
are expected. This storm is the result of two X-class flares which occurred on November 4 (for commentary
on these flares see previous issues of this summary). Strong geomagnetic
storms tend to dampen seismicity as ionospheric ring currents are disrupted
during these storms and cannot induce telluric currents until the currents
reform several days later. Global seismicity in the next two days (or as long
as these geomagnetic storms continue) is therefore expected to be relatively quiet.
With today's geomagnetic storm, global seismicity quickly turned quiet.
No significant earthquakes were recorded in the world today. For the first time
in months there were no earthquakes of M>=5 recorded in the world. The strongest
activity occurred in the Gulf of California with a series including an M 4.9.
Global seismicity is expected to resume in about two days at a level
above background.
The earthquakes of M 4.8 and M 4.9 in the Gulf of California today are
the strongest in that area within about 200 km of today's epicenter since
an M 6.1 on November 4, 2022. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.1-6.2 in the northern Gulf of California. NEIC reported it was felt in Sonora, Mexico with intensity IV in Bahia de Kino, Guaymas and in San Luis, Baja California, Mexico. Intensity II-III was reported in Sonora at Hermosillo, Obregon, Nogales and in Guerrero Negro, Baja California, Mexico.
Earthquakes in this area can stress faults to the north in Southern California,
leading to enhanced seismicity in that area. A series of moderate foreshocks
have hit this area in the past several days leading to today's mainshock.
These included an M 4.1 and 4.2 on November 1 and 2, 2022. The last earthquake
within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=6 was an M 7.0 ten years ago on April 12, 2012.
At the time this summary noted in this regard:
"The earthquake of M 6.9-7.1 in the Gulf of California is the strongest
to occur in this region of the Gulf in at least 22 years. A slightly
smaller event hit the region on August 3, 2009 with M 6.8-6.9." (April 12, 2012, November 4, 2022)
Seismic migration may occur to the north of these epicenters affecting
southern California in several days with seismic enhancement.
This epicenter is near the third node (and sixth node) (120 degrees)
from the landfall in Vietnam of Typhoon Kalmaegi today and may have been
promoted by energy associated with that source.
O: 06NOV2025 10:26:14 27.8N 111.9W ML=4.5 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 21:53:46 27.8N 111.9W ML=3.7 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 22:45:54 27.8N 111.8W ML=3.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 13:25:56 27.9N 112.0W mb=4.9 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 16:36:10 27.9N 112.0W Mw=4.8 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 22:04:50 27.9N 112.0W ML=3.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 07NOV2025 00:15:27 27.9N 111.9W mb=4.4 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL STORM FUNG-WONG (DEPRESSION 32W)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS FUNG-WONG 2025-11-07 00:00 UT 11.6N 136.6E 75 kts Southwest of Guam
TS Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region southwest of Guam with winds up to 75 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. It is then expected to track to the northwest making landfall in the Philippines around November 9-10 as a typhoon with winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan at that time. The antipode is at 12S 44W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
TYPHOON KALMAEGI
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH KALMAEGI 2025-11-07 00:00 UT 13.3N 109.1E 125 kts Vietnam
Typhoon Kalmaegi continued today in the region off eastern Vietnam with winds up to 125 kts.
The area is currently experiencing aftershocks from major events last month and could see a further significant event with Typhoon Kalmaegi. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time with the full moon of November 5-7. The antipode is at 13S 71W - is near the Peru-Brazil border and could see enhanced seismicity on November 6-8, 2025.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 6, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
3230 0004 0015 0023 C3.8 (November 6, 2025) 3.8E-03
3260 0252 0302 0313 C2.5 (November 6, 2025) 3.2E-03
3340 0313 0317 0320 C3.1 (November 6, 2025) 1.4E-03
3300 0343 0352 0359 C1.9 (November 6, 2025) 2.0E-03
3350 0359 0406 0409 C2.3 (November 6, 2025) 1.5E-03
Honshu M 4.4 04:04 UT
3310 0417 0431 0439 M1.1 (November 6, 2025) 1.0E-02
Seram M 4.0 04:33 UT
3320 0514 0520 0524 C3.0 (November 6, 2025) 1.7E-03
El Salvador M 4.6 05:21 UT
3360 0624 0633 0643 C2.4 (November 6, 2025) 2.6E-03
3370 0649 0656 0701 C5.3 (November 6, 2025) 2.7E-03
3380 0721 0727 0735 C2.1 (November 6, 2025) 1.9E-03
3400 0855 0901 0906 C3.8 (November 6, 2025) 2.2E-03
Panam M 4.6 08:55 UT
3450 1112 1125 1131 C2.3 (November 6, 2025) 3.2E-03
3460 1131 1139 1141 C2.1 (November 6, 2025) 1.6E-03
Negros, Philippines M 4.1 11:33 UT
3480 1257 1306 1310 C4.2 (November 6, 2025) 2.2E-03
3490 1312 1317 1321 C4.5 (November 6, 2025) 2.4E-03
Gulf of California M 4.5 13:25 UT
3530 1430 1436 1440 C1.6 (November 6, 2025) 9.8E-04
Honshu M 3.9 14:38 UT
Hokkaido M 4.8 14:30 UT
3540 1514 1522 1526 C1.9 (November 6, 2025) 1.2E-03
3570 1700 1706 1714 C1.6 (November 6, 2025) 1.4E-03
3590 1810 1825 1839 C5.6 (November 6, 2025) 7.1E-03
3620 1948 2002 2015 C9.3 (November 6, 2025) 9.8E-03
3730 2202 2209 2216 C4.4 (November 6, 2025) 3.1E-03
Gulf of California M 3.2 22:04 UT
Southern Iran M 4.3 22:06 UT
New Ireland M 4.9 22:14 UT
3740 2237 2245 2247 C2.0 (November 6, 2025) 1.8E-03
3770 2247 2257 2300 C2.1 (November 6, 2025) 1.9E-03
Azores M 3.9 22:54 UT
Central Peru M 4.0 22:55 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: severe storms November 7 major storms November 8 active November 9. Solar M-flare chance: 80% X-class: 35% proton storm: 20%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 43 40 31 06:00 7 104 163
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
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