DISTANCE RELATIONS BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES

 

Statistical evidence indicates that some triggering or promotion forward in time can occur in regions which are under high stress due to additional stress events of  small size. Among these are surface and body waves passing through a region.  Triggering may be dynamic with the promoted earthquake occurring at the same time as the stress event or delayed with an earthquake occurring later in time but still related to the stress event through water lubrication or other various geophysical effects on the faults. We have argued in this report for the past 35 years that this effect is most observable where the seismic waves are largest.  In general this occurs at distances from the rupture ends of  the earthquake producing those waves (mainshock) which we have termed nodal distances. These are defined by the formula D=360*m/n where D is the distance in degrees and m<=m where n an m are small integers. These are also the locations of  the maximum corrections to magnitude in the standard Jeffreys-Bullen tables. In addition there is focusing of  seismic energy from reflections and refractions of f the core-mantle and the inner-outer core boundary of  the earth. This focuses energy at the surface in the distance between 101 and 108 degrees (core-mantle) and 141-148 degrees (inner-outer core boundary). In this report we monitor seismicity at these distances following major earthquakes as experience has shown that strong and/or unusual earthquake are much more likely to occur at these distance from the mainshock. 

 

 

Antipodal (~180 degrees)

 

Northern Peru to

Guerrero, Mexico to

Vanuatu to

Haiti to

South Sandwich Islands to Sea of Okhotsh, 

Alaska Peninsula to South of Africa

Kermadec Islands to Algeria, northwest Africa, Southern Spain, 

 

Outer shadow zone edge (141-148 degrees)

 

Northern Peru to

Guerrero, Mexico to Iran, India, Mayotte, Andaman Is, Owen Fracture Zone, Java, Sumbawa, 

Vanuatu to  Netherlands, Scotland, Turkey, Eastern Mediterranean, Northern Mid-Atlantic, Sicily, Italy, England, Crete,

Haiti to South of Australia, Victoria, Australia, Laccodive Is, Mindoro, New Guinea, Australia, Andaman Is, Papua, New Guinea, Mindanao, 

South Sandwich Islands to Greenland Sea, Yellow Sea, Ryukyu Islands, northern Greenland, Yukon Territory, Canada, Arctic Ocean, Mariana Islands, Southeast Alaska, Mongolia, Siberia, 

Alaska Peninsula to Mozambique, Scotia Sea, South Atlantic,  

Kermadec Islands to Azerbaijan, Caucasus, Central Mid-Atlantic, North Atlantic Ocean, Congo, Iraq, Ascension Is, Reykjanes Ridge, Iceland, 

 

Node 3 (120 degrees)

 

Northern Peru to Mayotte, 

Guerrero, Mexico to Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, New South Wales, Australia, Iraq,

Vanuatu to Dominican Republic, Southern Iran, 

Haiti to Vanuatu, Central Honshu, Japan, South Island, New Zealand, North Island, New Zealand,  

South Sandwich Islands to Utah, Los Angeles, California, Afghanistan, Greenland Sea, Halmahera, Utah, Wyoming, New Guinea, Southern, Central California, Mindanao, Philippines, 

Alaska Peninsula to Los Lagos, Chile, 

Kermadec Islands to  Quebec, Virign Islands, La Soufriere, Barbados, Tajikistan, Baffin Bay, Quebec,  Hindu Kush,  

 

P- and S- shadow zone edge and node 7 (101-110 degrees)

 

Northern Peru to Dodecanese Islands, South Island, New Zealand, 

Guerrero, Mexico to Izu Island, Japan, Dodecanese Islands, South Island, NZ, South Atlantic, Solomon Islands, Izu, Central, western Honshu, South Island, New Zealand, Romania,  Bonin Islands, Honshu, Japan, South Sandwich Islands, 

Vanuatu to Ecuador, Iran, Nicaragua, South Georgia, South Indian Ocean, South Atlantic, Molucca Sea, Southern Peru, Hnduras, Costa Rica, South Sandwich Islands, Prince Edward Is, Indian Ocean, Brazil, Northern Chile, Oklahoma, Nicaragua, Central Chile, Guerrero, Mexico, Tajikistan, Scotia Sea, Veracruz, Mexico, South of Africa, Afghanistan, Oklahoma, Hindu Kush, Guatemala, South Sandwich Islands, Gujarat, India, 

Haiti to Azerbaijan, Tonga, Kuril Islands, South of Africa, Siberia, Sea of Okhotsk,

South Sandwich Islands to Dodecanese Islands, Vanuatu, Iran, Nias, Java, Indonesia, Spain, Tonga, Crete, Gulf of California, Greece, Java, Fiji, northern Mexico, Northern Mid-Atlantic, Texas, Greece, Tennessee, Georgia, Michoacan, Mexico, Loyalty Islands, Dodecanese Islands, Vanuatu, North Carolina, Tonga/Fiji, Sicily, Italy, Croatia, Mt. Merapi, Sumatra, Vanuatu, southern Greece, northern Spain, northern Mexico, 

Alaska Peninsula to South Island, NZ, Western Australia, Southeastern Australia, West Chile Rise, North of Australia, Gulf of Aden, Java, South Indian Ocean, South Island, New Zealand, Southeast Pacific, Sumatra, Nicobar Islands, Southern Peru, South Island, New Zealand, 

Kermadec Islands to Myanmar, Cuba, Northwest Territories, Canada, Southern Mid-Atlantic, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming, Caribbean Sea, Kansas,  Northern India, Louisiana, Indian Ridge, Beaufort Sea, Mongolia, Carlsberg Ridge, Siberia, Kansas, Oklahoma, Northern Alaska,  Myanmar,

 

Node 4 (90 degrees)

 

Northern Peru to

Guerrero, Mexico to Italy,

Vanuatu to Gulf of California,

Haiti to

South Sandwich Islands to

Alaska Peninsula to Canary Islands, Banda Sea, Nicobar Islands, Iran, Dodecanese Islands, Greece, Northern Peru, Gibraltar, Algeria,, Kermadec Islands, East Pacific Rise, 

Kermadec Islands to South Sandwich Islands, New Mexico, Mt. Hood, Oregon, Alaska, Oaxaca, Guerrero Mexico, Utah, Washington, Chile,

 

Node 5 (72 degrees)

 

Northern Peru to

Guerrero, Mexico to southern Argentina, Northern Greenland, Andreanof Islands,

Vanuatu to Sumatra, South East Pacific Rise, Unimak, Fox Islands, South of Alaska, 

Haiti to Italy, Alaska Peninsula, Southern Mid-Atlantic,

South Sandwich Islands to 

Alaska Peninsula to Nicaragua, Mindoro, Philippines, Fiji, Tonga, Santa Cruz Islands, Haiti, Admiralty Islands, 

Kermadec Islands to West Chile Rise,

 

Node 6 (60 degrees)

 

Northern Peru to

Guerrero, Mexico to West Chile Rise, Unimak Islands, Central Chile, 

Vanuatu to Central Honshu, Hokkaido, Taiwan, 

Haiti to Mid-Atlantic, South East Pacific Rise, West Chile Rise, 

South Sandwich Islands to

Alaska Peninsula to Guam, Guerrero, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Mexico,

Kermadec Islands to Molucca Sea, Ceram, Indonesia, Mariana Islands, 

 

Node 7 (52 degrees)

 

Northern Peru to northern Gulf of California, 

Guerrero, Mexico to Hawaii, Northern Mid0Atlantic, Yukon, Canada, Southeastern Alaska, northern Chile, Hawaii,  

Vanuatu to Hawaii, Western Australia,

Haiti to Coast of Oregon, Mendoza, Argentina, Canary Islands, Mid-Atlantic, Coast of Northern California, Coast of Oregon, Central Chile, 

South Sandwich Islands to South Indian Ocean, South Africa, Southern Peru, northern Chile, 

Alaska Peninsula to Hawaii, northern Mexico, Volcano Is, Quebec, Ohio, Newfoundland, Western Mexico,

Kermadec Islands to New Guinea, South of New Guinea,  Hawaii

 

DISTANCE RELATIONS BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES

 

Statistical evidence indicates that some triggering or promotion forward in time can occur in regions which are under high stress due to additional stress events of  small size. Among these are surface and body waves passing through a region.  Triggering may be dynamic with the promoted earthquake occurring at the same time as the stress event or delayed with an earthquake occurring later in time but still related to the stress event through water lubrication or other various geophysical effects on the faults. We have argued in this report for the past 35 years that this effect is most observable where the seismic waves are largest.  In general this occurs at distances from the rupture ends of  the earthquake producing those waves (mainshock) which we have termed nodal distances. These are defined by the formula D=360*m/n where D is the distance in degrees and m<=m where n an m are small integers. These are also the locations of  the maximum corrections to magnitude in the standard Jeffreys-Bullen tables. In addition there is focusing of  seismic energy from reflections and refractions of f the core-mantle and the inner-outer core boundary of  the earth. This focuses energy at the surface in the distance between 101 and 108 degrees (core-mantle) and 141-148 degrees (inner-outer core boundary). In this report we monitor seismicity at these distances following major earthquakes as experience has shown that strong and/or unusual earthquake are much more likely to occur at these distance from the mainshock. 

 

 

Antipodal (~180 degrees)

 

Guerrero, Mexico to

Vanuatu to

Haiti to

South Sandwich Islands to Sea of Okhotsh, 

Mindanao, Philippines to

Alaska Peninsula to South of Africa

Qinghai China to West Chile Rise, 

Kermadec Islands to Algeria, northwest Africa, Southern Spain, 

 

Outer shadow zone edge (141-148 degrees)

 

Guerrero, Mexico to Iran, India, Mayotte, Andaman Is, Owen Fracture Zone, Java, Sumbawa, 

Vanuatu to  Netherlands, Scotland, Turkey, Eastern Mediterranean, Northern Mid-Atlantic, Sicily, Italy, England, Crete,

Haiti to Victoria, Australia, Laccodive Is, Mindoro, New Guinea, Australia, Andaman Is, Papua, New Guinea, Mindanao, 

South Sandwich Islands to Yellow Sea, Ryukyu Islands, northern Greenland, Yukon Territory, Canada, Arctic Ocean, Mariana Islands, Southeast Alaska, Mongolia, Siberia, 

Mindanao, Philippines to Nicaragua, South of Panama, Central Chile, Central Mid-Atlantic, North Atlantic Ocean, Haiti, Nicaragua, Dominican Republic,

Alaska Peninsula to Mozambique, Scotia Sea, South Atlantic,  

Qinghai China to East Pacific Rise, Peru, Ecuador, 

Kermadec Islands to Caucasus, Central Mid-Atlantic, North Atlantic Ocean, Congo, Iraq, Ascension Is, Reykjanes Ridge, Iceland, 

 

Node 3 (120 degrees)

 

Guerrero, Mexico to Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, New South Wales, Australia, Iraq,

Vanuatu to Dominican Republic, Southern Iran, 

Haiti to Vanuatu, Central Honshu, Japan, South Island, New Zealand, North Island, New Zealand,  

South Sandwich Islands to Los Angeles, California, Afghanistan, Greenland Sea, Halmahera, Utah, Wyoming, New Guinea, Southern, Central California, Mindanao, Philippines, 

Mindanao, Philippines to Gulf of California, South Sandwich Islands,

Alaska Peninsula to Los Lagos, Chile, 

Qinghai China to Jalisco, Mexico, 

Kermadec Islands to  Quebec, Virign Islands, La Soufriere, Barbados, Tajikistan, Baffin Bay, Quebec,  Hindu Kush,  

North Island, New Zealand to  La Soufriere, Namibia, Barbados, Xinjiang, China, Tajikistan,  Puerto Rico,

Honshu Japan to Guadeloupe, Panama,

 

P- and S- shadow zone edge and node 7 (101-110 degrees)

 

Guerrero, Mexico to South Atlantic, Solomon Islands, Izu, Central, western Honshu, South Island, New Zealand, Romania,  Bonin Islands, Honshu, Japan, South Sandwich Islands, 

Vanuatu to Iran, Nicaragua, South Georgia, South Indian Ocean, South Atlantic, Molucca Sea, Southern Peru, Hnduras, Costa Rica, South Sandwich Islands, Prince Edward Is, Indian Ocean, Brazil, Northern Chile, Oklahoma, Nicaragua, Central Chile, Guerrero, Mexico, Tajikistan, Scotia Sea, Veracruz, Mexico, South of Africa, Afghanistan, Oklahoma, Hindu Kush, Guatemala, South Sandwich Islands, Gujarat, India, 

Haiti to Tonga, Kuril Islands, South of Africa, Siberia, Sea of Okhotsk,

South Sandwich Islands to Iran, Nias, Java, Indonesia, Spain, Tonga, Crete, Gulf of California, Greece, Java, Fiji, northern Mexico, Northern Mid-Atlantic, Texas, Greece, Tennessee, Georgia, Michoacan, Mexico, Loyalty Islands, Dodecanese Islands, Vanuatu, North Carolina, Tonga/Fiji, Sicily, Italy, Croatia, Mt. Merapi, Sumatra, Vanuatu, southern Greece, northern Spain, northern Mexico, 

Mindanao, Philippines to Italy, South of Africa, Central California, Nevada, New Jersey, Sumatra, Iceland, Idaho, Southern, Central California, Baffin Bay, Canada, 

Alaska Peninsula to Western Australia, Southeastern Australia, West Chile Rise, North of Australia, Gulf of Aden, Java, South Indian Ocean, South Island, New Zealand, Southeast Pacific, Sumatra, Nicobar Islands, Southern Peru, South Island, New Zealand, 

Qinghai China to Ohio, Maryland, South Island, New Zealand, Kermadec Islands, Indiana, Ontario, Quebec, Canada, Lake Erie, Utah, Southern California, South Dakota, North, South Island, New Zealand, Western Oklahoma, Baja, Mammoth Lakes, Santa Barbara, California, South Island, New Zealand, Kermadec Islands, Southern California,

Kermadec Islands to Cuba, Northwest Territories, Canada, Southern Mid-Atlantic, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming, Caribbean Sea, Kansas,  Northern India, Louisiana, Indian Ridge, Beaufort Sea, Mongolia, Carlsberg Ridge, Siberia, Kansas, Oklahoma, Northern Alaska,  Myanmar,

 

Node 4 (90 degrees)

 

Guerrero, Mexico to Italy,

Vanuatu to Gulf of California,

Haiti to

South Sandwich Islands to

Mindanao, Philippines to

Alaska Peninsula to Canary Islands, Banda Sea, Nicobar Islands, Iran, Dodecanese Islands, Greece, Northern Peru, Gibraltar, Algeria,, Kermadec Islands, East Pacific Rise, 

Qinghai China to

Kermadec Islands to South Sandwich Islands, New Mexico, Mt. Hood, Oregon, Alaska, Oaxaca, Guerrero Mexico, Utah, Washington, Chile,

 

Node 5 (72 degrees)

 

Guerrero, Mexico to southern Argentina, Northern Greenland, Andreanof Islands,

Vanuatu to Sumatra, South East Pacific Rise, Unimak, Fox Islands, South of Alaska, 

Haiti to Italy, Alaska Peninsula, Southern Mid-Atlantic,

South Sandwich Islands to 

Mindanao, Philippines to Iran, 

Alaska Peninsula to Nicaragua, Mindoro, Philippines, Fiji, Tonga, Santa Cruz Islands, Haiti, Admiralty Islands, 

Qinghai China to Central Alaska, Congo, Baffin Bay, Canada, 

Kermadec Islands to West Chile Rise,

 

Node 6 (60 degrees)

 

Guerrero, Mexico to West Chile Rise, Unimak Islands, Central Chile, 

Vanuatu to Central Honshu, Hokkaido, Taiwan, 

Haiti to Mid-Atlantic, South East Pacific Rise, West Chile Rise, 

South Sandwich Islands to

Mindanao, Philippines to Fiji,

Alaska Peninsula to Guam, Guerrero, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Mexico,

Qinghai China to Andreanof Islands,

Kermadec Islands to Molucca Sea, Ceram, Indonesia, Mariana Islands, 

 

Node 7 (52 degrees)

 

Guerrero, Mexico to Hawaii, Northern Mid0Atlantic, Yukon, Canada, Southeastern Alaska, northern Chile, Hawaii,  

Vanuatu to Hawaii, Western Australia,

Haiti to Coast of Oregon, Mendoza, Argentina, Canary Islands, Mid-Atlantic, Coast of Northern California, Coast of Oregon, Central Chile, 

South Sandwich Islands to South Indian Ocean, South Africa, Southern Peru, northern Chile, 

Mindanao, Philippines to

Alaska Peninsula to Hawaii, northern Mexico, Volcano Is, Quebec, Ohio, Newfoundland, Western Mexico,

Qinghai China to

Kermadec Islands to New Guinea, South of New Guinea,  Hawaii

 

Node 8 (45 degrees)

 

Vanuatu to

Haiti to Central California,

Mindanao, Philippines to

Alaska Peninsula to Honshu, Japan, Oklahoma, Texas, Gulf of California,  Sonora, Mexico, Siberia,