Because this summary is often behind schedule updates to the current date are being added here to make it more relEvAnt to current conditions
November 28, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A strong geomagnetic storm occurred today (November 27, 2025) at high latitudes.
This storm commenced mid-UT day and peaked at about 17:00 UT with K-index 7 and as a 25% increase in geomagnetic field strength on the GOES 18 and GOES 19 Magnetometers.
This is the strongst geomagnetic storm at high latitudes since November 12-13
when K-index also reached 7-8. Sudden commencement of such storms can help
trigger simultaneous seismic activity at high latitudes as noted in
previous issues of this summary for example:
"The geomagnetic field was at minor storm disturbance today. At high latitudes the K-index
reached 7 around 11:00 and was near 6 from about 0800-2000 UT. This could promote
seismicity at high latitudes today and tomorrow, but these triggered events
are still likely to remain moderate and to occur in Alaska and perhaps the
South Atlantic area. This geomagnetic storm along with two new Tropical
Cyclones may help to end the ongoing seismic quiet which has been discussed in this
summary" (November 26, 2025)
A strong earthquake of M 6.0 shook the areas near Anchorage, and Elmendorf AFB, Alaska today.
More than 7000 responses from citizens in the area to NEIC revealed it was felt
with intensity V in Alaska at Anchorage, Talkeetna, Willow, Palmer, IV in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Chugia, Clam Gulch, Skwentana, Eagle River, Wasilla, Girdwood, Kenai, Elmendorf AFB, Fort Richarson, Indian, Cooper Landing, Kasilof, with intensity III as far as about 400 km from the epicenter.
No tsunami was expected nor observed with this earthquake. This earthquake
occurred at the peak of a high latitude geomagnetic storm with k-index of 7
and was probably promoted by that storm (see above). It is also near 100 degrees
from the earlier M 6.6 in Sumatra and the accompanying eye of Tropical Cyclone
Senyar today and at the eighth node (45 degrees) from northern Honshu, Japan today may have been promoted by energy
from those sources. This area has seen
a series of minor foreshocks in the past several days, but the last earthquake
within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=6 occurred on November 30, 2018 with M 7.0.
At the time this summary noted:
"A major earthquake of M 7.0 occurred near Anchorage, Alaska today. No deaths or tsunami were reported with the quake but much damage to infrastructure occurred. The area
has seen a continuing series of moderate to strong earthquakes over the past several months
and, as a high latitude quake, was part of the activation of high latitude
seismicity seen over the past two week. The year 2018 has been very active for Alaska.
A great earthquake of M 7.9 hit the Gulf of Alaska on January 23, 2018. This was
followed by an M 6.4 and series in northern Alaska beginning on August 12, 2018 and an M 6.6 on August 15, 2018 in the Andreanof Islands.
The last regional earthquake with M>=7 within about 300 km of today's epicenter
was an M 7.1 on January 24, 2016 about 300 km to the southwest at intermediate focus which prevented damage on January 24, 2016.
This summary at the time noted activity in Nebraska and other unusual seismicity
as precursory to this event. Interested readers are urged to revisit that and
other summaries for more information.
The current activation of seismicity at high latitudes began in mid-November as noted
in this summary and continued through late November. The initial activation
was noted as:
"A new geomagnetic storm may begin today and will help to shape the aftershocks
in Alaska.
NEIC reported the mainshock of M 7.0 was felt with damage with intensity VIII in Eagle River, VII in Willow, Trapper Creek, Chugiak, Anchorage, Talkeetna, Sterling, Palmer, Denali National Park, Elmendorf AFB, Anchorage, Light intensity shaking with intensity II-III was reported as far as 1000 km from the epicenter with intensity IV-V as far as 500 km from the epicenter including at Fairbanks and Kodiak. Many aftershocks were reported felt with intensity as high as VI, especially in the Anchorage, Chugiak, Elmendorf AFB, Fort Richardson, and Wasilla areas of Southern Alaska.
Initial reports indicate no one was killed in this earthquake. Roads and other
infrastructure was not as lucky however, Pictures on the internet show buckled
highways in the region. Highways into and out of Anchorage were closed and gas lines
were ruptured. Power was out to many. There was damage to roads and bridges but
no major structural collapses of buildings were reported. Portionis of the Glenn Highway
disappeared. Seiche was observed. Becase of wintry conditions, most of the repair
work will have to wait till Spring." (November 30, 2018)
An earthquake of M 6.1 also occurred about 200 km northeast of today's epicenter
on May 31, 2021 which was described in this summary at the time as:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.1 in the region of central Alaska. NEIC reported it was felt with maximum intensity V in Alaska at Glennallen, Eagle River, and Talkeetna and IV in Maranuska-Sustina border, Palmer, Cantwell, Chugiak, Wasilla, Willow, and Fort Richardson.
An M 3.2 regional foreshock occurred about an hour earlier and was reported felt with intensity IV in Anchorage and II-III in Valdez, Seward, Fairbanks and Port Wainwright.
An earlier foreshock of M 3.4 was also felt with intensity II in Talkeetna and Chugiak, Alaska.
No major damage was reported from these earthquakes. The last earthquake in
Central Alaska within about 200 km of today's epicenter with M>=6.1 occurred on November 30, 2018
near Anchorage, Alaska with M 7.0 about 150 km southwest of today's epicenter.
The largest earthquake in the area in the past 30 years was an M 7.9 in the
Denali National Park on November 3, 2002 about 150 km northeast of today's epicenter.
Other earthquakes of M>=6.1 in the past 30 years occurred on September 25, 2014 (M 6.2);
October 23, 2002 (M 6.7) and May 1, 1991 (M 6.3). Forecast 134213 had expected today's event within about 100 km was likely
around May 27.
...
Today's event is located at 101-102 degrees from the M 6.6 in Sumatra of May 14, 2021"(May 31, 2021)
The last earthquake (and possible regional foreshock) near 200 km of today's
epicenter was an M 5.4 on October 30, 2025. At the time this summary noted
in this regard:
"The strongest earthquake felt in the world today was an M 5.4 in the Kenai, Alaska area. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity V in Alaska at Cooper Landing; IV in Homer, Anchor Point, Seward, Clam Gulch, Kenai, Soldotna, Moose Pass and III in Sterling and Girdwood.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Alaska at Diamond Ridge, Seward, Honer, MacDonald Spit, Seldovia, Bear Creek, Ninichik, Anchor Point, Funny River, Soldotna, Kenai, Nikiski, Girdwood, Anchorage, Eagle River.
No damage or casualties or tsunami was reported with this earthquake. The
last earthquake of M>=5.4 in the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska within abouot 200 km
of today's epicenter was an M 5.4 on March 19, 2023 with the last of larger magnitude
and M 5.8 more than six years ago on May 27, 2019.
...
The last earthquake of larger magnitude within about 200 km of today's event
occurred about 50 km south of today's epicenter on January 24, 2016 with M 7.1 and
prior to that an M 6.2 on July 29, 2015. Both of these events were associated
with strong solar outbursts. Today's earthquake occurred within minutes of
local solar noon (like the M 7.2 in Northern California yesterday) and
was likely promoted by strong tidal and geomagnetic stresses which maximize
near this hour." (December 21, 2021, March 19, 2023)
Today's event appears to have been triggered by a strong geomagnetic storm
at high latitudes. High latitude k-index reached 7 at the time of the earthquake
in Alaska. This is the greatest geomagnetic disturbance at high latitudes
since October 1, 2025 (nearly a month ago) when K also reached 7.
This epicenter was probably also promoted by energy associated with Hurricane
Melissa. It is located at 60.0 degrees from the position of the eye of
Melissa at the time of the earthquake. This is similar to the circumstances
associated with the M 5.4 in Central Iceland reported in the previous issue
of this summary:
"This epicenter in Iceland is at 60.0 degrees (node 6) from the landfall position
of Hurricane Melissa of October 29 and occurred as that landfall was occurring.
It was probably promoted by that exchange of energy." (October 30, 2025)
O: 27NOV2025 17:11:26 61.6N 150.8W MD=6.0 NEIC SOUTHERN ALASKA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.4 in Southern Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Denali National Park and Talkeetna.
O: 28NOV2025 05:26:07 62.4N 150.3W ML=3.4 EMSC CENTRAL ALASKA
The earthquakes in Alaska were accompanied by a strong enhancement of seismicity
in the area of California today. The most likely to have been associated
from the M 6.0 in Alaska was an M 3.9 in the Geysers area of northern California.
This earthquake was reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity V in northern
California at Kelseyville and Healdsburg. It occurred just seconds after the
earthquake of M 6.0 in Alaska and could not have been triggered by seismic
waves from that event as they would not have arrived at this epicenter for
minutes after this earthquake but could have been triggered by the same geomagnetic
storm (see above) that was closely associated th earthquake in Alaska.
The series of events in the Geysers, California began earlier in the day
when the geomagnetic storm began around 12:21 UT with events of M 3.5 and M 3.5.
These earlier events were reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity IV
in California at Lower Lake, Middletown; III in Pleasant Grove and II in Calistoga, Healdsburg, Hidden Valley Lake and in Glenbrook, Nevada.
These epicenters area near 103 degrees from the Central Philippines and at the seventh node (52 degrees)
from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 27NOV2025 17:11:43 38.8N 122.8W Mw=3.6 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 17:11:43 38.8N 122.8W Mw=3.9 NEIC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 12:21:06 38.8N 122.7W MW=3.5 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 12:21:45 38.8N 122.7W Mw=3.5 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 12:21:45 38.8N 122.7W Mw=3.6 NEIC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 12:29:21 38.8N 122.7W MD=2.3 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
An earthquake in Vancouver Island, Canada has also been catalogued by EMSC
as occurring 4 minutes and 21 seconds after the M 6.0 in Alaska. It takes
4 minutes and 21 seconds for the p-wave to in Alaska to arrive at this epicenter in
Vancouver, Canada. It may have triggered this subsequent quake but it is more
likely that the event in Vancouver is a mis-reading of p-waves from Alaska.
O: 27NOV2025 17:15:47 48.4N 124.1W ML=3.4 EMSC VANCOUVER ISLAND, CANADA REGIO
NEIC reported a series of earthquakes also occurred east of Los Angeles, California today including an M 3.8 and 3.6. NEIC reported these were felt with intensity IV in Sun City; III in Idyllwild, Rancho Mirage, Mountain Center, Banning, Thousand Palms, El Cajon, Hemet, among others.
These epicenters are at the sixth node (60 degrees) from Kamchatka and 103 degrees
from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 28NOV2025 01:36:44 33.7N 116.8W MW=3.8 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 28NOV2025 01:37:06 33.7N 116.8W ML=3.5 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 28NOV2025 01:38:27 33.7N 116.8W ML=2.1 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 28NOV2025 06:14:00 33.7N 116.8W ML=2.3 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported earthquakes of M 4.0 and M 3.9 were also felt widely in the area of Central California with reports of felt intensity up to IV from more than 1300 respondents including those in San Juan Bautista, Santa Cruz, Salinas, Moss Landing, Aromas, Hollister and III in Gilroy, San Mateo, Castroville and San Francisco.
These earthquakes in Central and northern California are near 103 degrees from the Central Philippines and at the
fifth node from Honshu, Japan and the Drake Passage and may have been
promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 27NOV2025 20:57:36 36.8N 121.5W MW=4.0 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 20:10:56 36.8N 121.5W MD=2.7 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 20:48:48 36.8N 121.5W Mw=3.8 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 27NOV2025 20:48:48 36.8N 121.5W Mw=3.9 NEIC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.5 in San Francisco, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of San Francisco, California with II in San Francisco and San Mateo.
This earthquake occurred near local solar noon at the start of a strong
geomagnetic storm and may have been promoted by geomagnetic stresses.
O: 27NOV2025 19:33:56 37.6N 122.5W MD=2.5 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in Oaxaca, Mexico was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Oaxaca, Mexico in Huayapam, Oaxaca.
O: 27NOV2025 08:54:24 17.4N 95.2W MB=4.2 EMSC OAXACA, MEXICO
O: 28NOV2025 02:24:20 17.0N 94.7W ML=4.0 EMSC OAXACA, MEXICO
O: 27NOV2025 18:12:07 17.1N 94.8W ML=4.1 EMSC OAXACA, MEXICO
EMSC reported earthquakes of M 4.4 and M 4.6 in Central Iran were felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Central Iran at Kerman.
These epicenters are near the fifth node (72 degrees) from Kamchatka, Honshu, and the
central Philippines and may have been promoted by constructive interference
of energy from those sources.
O: 27NOV2025 21:45:01 32.3N 56.3E MB=4.6 EMSC CENTRAL IRAN
O: 27NOV2025 21:41:54 32.2N 56.4E mb=4.4 EMSC CENTRAL IRAN
EMSC reported an aftershock of M 4.0 in Bangladesh was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Bangladesh at Tungi, Narsingdi, Paltan, Palash Upazila, Paltan, Azimpur, Sayani, Gafargaon, among others.
This epicenter is at the sixth node from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 27NOV2025 10:15:18 24.0N 90.4E MB=4.0 EMSC BANGLADESH
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE KOTO
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC KOTO 2025-11-28 00:00 UT 13.1N 112.0E 55 kts West of Central Philippines
Tropical Cyclone Koto (05B) continued today in the region west of central Philippines winds up to 55 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of the central Philippines. The antipode is at 13S 67W - is in the area of north-western Brazil. Some enhanced seismicity in central Peru is possible near 13S 71-75W as this cyclone tracks to the west over the next several days.
TROPICAL CYCLONE 34W
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC 34W 2025-11-28 00:00 UT 4.6N 103.0E 40 kts Malaysia
Tropical Cyclone 34W formed today in the region of Malaysia with winds up to 40 kts where it made landfall today. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of Sumatra Indonesia. It made landfall in northern Sumatra today and to dissipate quickly and reformed as TC 34W after it was accompanied by an M 6.4 earthquake as landfall was being made. The antipode is at 4S 98W - is in the area west of Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE DITWAH (05B)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC DITWAH 2025-11-28 00:00 UT 8.0N 81.1E 45 kts Sri Lanka
Tropical Cyclone Ditwah (05B) continued today in the region of Sri Lanka south of India with winds up to 45 kts where it made landfall today. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this area or to the north. The antipode is at 9S 99W - is in the area west of south of the Galapagos and west of Peru but is not seismic.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 27, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
8660 0035 0047 0058 C2.7 (November 27, 2025) 2.7E-03
8680 0136 0143 0148 C1.1 (November 27, 2025) 7.8E-04
Sumatra M 3.6 01:57 UT
8730 0422 0430 0438 C1.0 (November 27, 2025) 1.2E-03
8740 0438 0444 0447 C1.0 (November 27, 2025) 6.6E-04
Sumatra M 6.6 04:56 UT
Mindanao M 4.5 04:41 UT
Caribbean Sea M 3.9 04:44 UT
8760 1307 1321 1339 C1.8 (November 27, 2025) 3.2E-03
8770 1612 1622 1639 C1.3 (November 27, 2025) 2.0E-03
Southern Alaska M 6.0 17:11 UT
8780 2140 2150 2205 C3.0 (November 27, 2025) 3.6E-03
Central Iran M 4.4 21:41 UT M 4.6 21:45 UT
Northern Alaska M 3.9 21:46 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active November 28-29 disturbed 29-30. Solar M-flare chance: 35% X-class: 5% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 27 62 23 14:00 7 76 120
A strong geomagnetic storm occurred today (November 27, 2025) at high latitudes.
This storm commenced mid-UT day and peaked at about 17:00 UT with K-index 7.
Tis is the strongst geomagnetic strom at high latitudes since November 12-13
when K-index also reached 7-8. Sudden commencement of such storms can help
trigger simultaneous seismic activity at high latitudes as noted in
previous issues of this summary for example:
"The geomagnetic field was at minor storm disturbance today. At high latitudes the K-index
reached 7 around 11:00 and was near 6 from about 0800-2000 UT. This could promote
seismicity at high latitudes today and tomorrow, but these triggered events
are still likely to remain moderate and to occur in Alaska and perhaps the
South Atlantic area. This geomagnetic storm along with two new Tropical
Cyclones may help to end the ongoing seismic quiet which has been discussed in this
summary" (November 26, 2025)
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 26, 2025 at 19:10:36 UT (#251126A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 27, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The seismic quiet period of strong earthquakes which began early on November 10, 2025
with an M 6.0 in northern Honshu, Japan ended today when an M 6.4-6.6 earthquake
occurred in northern Sumatra. This seismic quiet has been discussed in previous
issues of this summary and is the fifth longest period without an M>=5.9
in the past 35 years. This had been discussed in the previous
issue of this summary as:
"The quiet period with no earthquakes in the world of M>5.8 has now prevailed for the past 15 days - since an M 6.0
on November 10 in northern Honshu, Japan. Several periods have occurred in
the past 5 years when there were no earthquakes of M>5.8 but these were
terminated after 9 days at the most, so a 16+ day quiet as is current is
extraordinary and may require further investigation. The current seismic
quiet has persisted during several geomagnetic storms and X-class flares
and has been quite robust. The last quiet period at M>5.8 occurred following an M 6.2 in
the Kermadec Islands on May 18, 2018 and lasted 24+ days and is the longest
since modern catalogs began around 1990. It was terminated by an
M 5.9 on June 12, 2018 in Sumatra. The only other such quiet periods
in the past 10 years occurred September 26-October 15, 2016 (19 days) (terminating with
an M 6.4 in New Britain (and an M 7.8 a month later - November 13, 2016 in Christchurch, New Zealand); December 15, 2017 through January 2, 2018 (18 days) terminating with an M 5.9 in Tonga and an M 7.9 in the Alaska Peninsula on January 23, 2018; and August 15, 2015 through September 1, 2015 (17 days) terminating with an M 6.0 in the Izu Islands, Japan and an M 8.3 in Coquimbo, Chile on September 16, 2015. " (November 25-26, 2025)
...
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
"TC SENYAR 2025-11-26 00:00 UT 3.9N 98.2E 45 kts Sumatra, Indonesia.
Tropical Cyclone Senyar (04B) formed today in the region of Sumatra with winds up to 45 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of Sumatra Indonesia. It is expected to make landfall in northern Sumatra today and to dissipate quickly. The antipode is at 4S 82W - is in the area west of Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time." (November 25-26, 2025)
The current geomagnetic storm continued today following a moderate storm that
began on November 25, 2025. Planetary A reached we with high latitude A at 43 and
periods of K-index reaching 6 mid-day. This could help trigger seismicity
at the storm onset near 06:00 UT on both November 26 and November 27. The
current seismic quiet appears to have come to an end with this series of
geomagnetic storms. The magnetometers on GOES-18 and GOES-17 satellites showed a
strong decrease in the geomagnetic field strength from about 90 to 50 nT beginning
about 04:40 UT on November 27 - a signal that another geomagnetic storm had
commenced.
The earthquake of M 6.4-6.6 in northern Sumatra today was reported by NEIC
to have been felt with intensity III in Sumatra at Medan and in Singapor and Malaysia at Tanjong Tokong, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia.
Tt was also reported from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Phangnga, Thailand. BMG the local network reported
intensity VIII in Simeuleu Tengah; VII in Simeulue at Salang, Teupah, Teluk Dala; IV in Kab. Aceh Selatan, Barat, Singkil, Barat Daya, Jaya, Nagna Raya, Nias with III in Kab. Selatan, Tenggara, Timur, Tengah, Barat, Besar, Pidie, Aceh, Singkil, Bireuen, among others. No tsunami
was expected nor observed with this earthquake. This earthquake is the strongest
within about 200 km of this epicenter since events of M 6.4 on July 25, 2012; and M 6.7 on September 5, 2011 and an M 7.2 on May 9, 2010. At the time
this summary noted:
"An earthquake of M 7.4 hit the region of northern Sumatra at almost exactly
local solar noon today. A tsunami was generated and fishermen sailing off the north Malabar
and Konkan coasts experienced unusually big tidal waves. The estuarine
areas experienced a sudden loss of water and unusually low tides. These
area clear signs of a tsunami according to Today News of India. Many
residents ran to the hills for fear of a tsunami but it was small and
the tsunami warning was quickly cancelled. The generated tsunami was
measured at 7.9 inches (20 cm) at Meulaboh. People were evacualted from
the Alappuzha beach, Eravipuram, and Thanni in Kollam district and Poonthura
in Thiruvananthapuram district. Some fishermen families in Kollam nad Thiruvananthapuram
coast were moved to relief campas as waves hit their huts according to "The Hindu". The quake caused road jams as people
attempted to flee coastal villages near Lambaro Junction in Aceh Besar. The earthquake
was felt as strongly as the 2004 event in Meulaboh, West Aceh and triggered
panic in that region according to the Jakarta Post. The quake was also felt
strongly in Medan where patients were evacuated from hospitals and was
felt as far away as Singapore. There were no reports of serious damage
but power outages did occur and some houses were damaged on Simeulue Island.
The earthquake was also felt lightly throughout much of Malaysia especially
at George Town. This event is the culmination of the spate of activity in Indonesia and
around the world at or near 10 degrees south of the geomagnetic equator.
Because the event occurred near exact noon, the effects of solar and geomagnetic
disturbances were maximized as shown on the Australian HF map.
The solar flare activity over the past day has been at the highest in
three months and as reported in our earlier missive may have contributed
to this earthquake at this time. In addition, this is the fifth day since
the large geomagnetic storm of May 2-4. We have previously pointed out that
this is the most likely time for large events to be triggered from such storms.
On May 3 and again on May 4 we emphasized this pattern in this report
when we said:
"Strong geomagnetic storms of this sudden onset often
are associated with subsequent increases in global seismicity. This seismicity
is concentrated at regions about 10 degrees from the geomagnetic equator as
in Peru and Venezuela or near the auroral zones at high latitudes such as
the events in Kamchatka and the Andreanof Islands. Strong earthquakes
often occur about 4-5 days after the storm onset .... Maximum magnitudes over the next
five days are expected to be up to 1.5 units higher than previously estimated
for the largest events occurring in this time period." (May 3-9, 2010)
As noted above today's earthquake was probably triggered by stresses from
the Landfall of Tropical Cyclone Senyar which occurred during the earthquake
and in the vicinity of its epicenter in northern Sumatra.
Today's M 6.6 epicenter is located at the third node (120 degrees) from the
Drake Passage and at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the South Geomagnetic
Pole and Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
It is the strongest earthquake in the world since an M 6.9 off northeastern
Honshu, Japan occurred on November 9, 2025. BMG reported it occurred within
several minutes of local solar noon and it may have been promoted by tidal
and/or geomagnetic effects which maximize near this hour. The new moon of
November 20 had maximum tidal stress near this longitude as reported in earlier
issues of this summary and may have helped to trigger this earthquake.
"The New Moon will arrive on November 20, 2025 at 06:47 UT. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are near 100 West while those at local solar noon are near 80 East. These include, in the west areas of Central U.S. including western Texas, and central and western Mexico and portions of the East Pacific Rise and in the east in China, Pakistan and India in central Asia, Sumatra including the Nicobar and Andaman and Myanmar areas and in the South Indian Ocean. These are the regions most likely to see tidal triggering at this time and during the next week. Other areas can also be promoted by tidal stresses. These are most likely to occur near local solar noon and midnight." (November 18-24, 2025)
These epicenters are at the third node (120 degrees) from the Drake Passage;
near the sixth node (60 degrees) from northern Honshu, Japan and at the fifth
node (72 degrees) from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy
from those sources.
O: 27NOV2025 05:10:16 2.6N 95.9E ML=4.4 EMSC SIMEULUE, INDONESIA
O: 27NOV2025 06:37:39 2.6N 96.1E ML=4.0 EMSC SIMEULUE, INDONESIA
O: 27NOV2025 04:56:27 2.8N 96.1E MW=6.4 EMSC SIMEULUE, INDONESIA
O: 27NOV2025 04:56:27 2.8N 96.1E MW=6.6 NEIC SIMEULUE, INDONESIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in northern Luzon, Philippines was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of northern Luzon, Philippines with III in Ilocos at Laoag, Bangui.
O: 27NOV2025 03:10:47 18.4N 120.9E MW=4.9 EMSC LUZON, PHILIPPINES
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.3 in Western Texas was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Western Texas in Big Spring with IV.
O: 27NOV2025 00:14:10 32.3N 101.8W ML=3.2 EMSC WESTERN TEXAS
O: 27NOV2025 00:14:10 32.3N 101.8W ML=3.3 NEIC WESTERN TEXAS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.7 in Crete, Greece was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Crete, Greece with IV in Perama, Rethimni and Nea Alikarnassos, Iraklion and III in Iraklion, Greece.
O: 27NOV2025 00:08:52 35.5N 24.8E ML=4.9 EMSC CRETE, GREECE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in Hokkaido, Japan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Hokkaido, Japan in Nakashibetsu.
O: 26NOV2025 16:43:57 42.5N 144.3E MB=4.9 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in southern Hawaii Island was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of southern Hawaii Island at Hakalau, Hilo, Laupahoehoe, Mountain View, Pepeekeo, Kurtistown, Papaikou, Pahoa, Keaau, Volcano, Honokaa and III in Pahala, Waikoloa, Ninole, Hawaii National Park, among other communities in Hawaii.
This is the largest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today and the strongest
in Hawaii within about 150 km of this epicenter since an M 4.8 on November 5, 2024.
At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 4.8 in Hawaii. NEIC reported it was widely felt in the island of Hawaii with intensity V at Hawaii National Park, Kailua Kona, Kurtistown, Pahala, Volcano; IV in Captain Cook, Hauula, Hawi, Hilo, Holualoa, Naalehu, Paauilo, Pahoa, III in Hakalau, Honaunau, Honokaa, Honomu, Waikoloa, Kamuela, Keaan, Kalakekua, Kihei, Laupahoehoe, Mountain View, Ninole, Ookala, Papaaloa, Papaikou, Pepeekeo, Kailua, Kapaau, Lahaina, and Honolulu.
This events was felt with strong intensity throughout the island of Hawaii with particular note waking many at Pahala, Naalehu, Hawaiian Ocean View, Captain Cook, Volcano, Mountain View, Kailua, Hilo, Pepeekeo, Waikoloa, as a thunderous shake in Kamuela, Honokaa. It follows a period of three days of torrential rains in Hawaii. This event occurred near local solar midnight in Hawaii with the start of the U.S.
Election Day. The rainfall was associated with the dissipation of Tropical Storm Lane
as described in previous issues of this summary:
"TS Lane continued today in the area Southeast of Hawaii with winds up to 35 kts and is likely to track to the north and west for the next several days, It is tracking to the northwest. Enhanced seismicity in the region of Hawaii as this storm is in the region. Enhanced seismicity in Hawaii is expected around November 2-5." (November 2-4, 2024)
This event in Hawaii is the strongest in Hawaii since an M 5.7 on February 9, 2024 and an M 5.1 on December 5, 2023.
At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or the world today was an M 5.7 in the
Mauna Loa region of Hawaii (initially given as M 6.3). NEIC reported
it was felt as far as Honolulu and throughout the island of Hawaii with intensity
up to VII. Foreshocks of M 2.9 and 3.0 were also reported felt in Pahala, Hawaii
with intensity up to IV. EMSC reported strong to violent shaking in Hawaii at
Naalehu, Mountain View (with oud earthquake nose) Kealakekua, Fern Acres, Keaau, Pahoa, Hilo, Kailua Kona, Pepeekeo, Honokaa, Wailea, Wailuku, Maui, Lahaina, Honolulu, Kailua, Kaneohe, Jbphh, r.Minor damage which included items being thrown from shelves
and minor damage to structures was reported which included cracked walls. This is the strongest
earthquake in Hawaii since an M 6.2 on October 10, 2021 and an M 6.9 on
May 4, 2018 - the largest in Hawaii in the past 35 years. the only other event in
Hawaii with M>=6.2 in this time period was an M 6.7 on October 15, 2006. At the time of the October, 2021 event this summary noted:
A strong earthquake of M 6.2 shook most of the state of Hawaii, U.S. today. It was reported with maximum intensity VI in Naalehu; V in Hawaii National Park, Captain Cook, Honaunau, Volcano, Mountain View, IV in Pahala, Holualoa, Pahoa, Kealakekua with lesser shaking as far to the west as Waimea.
There have been only two earthquakes in Hawaii with M>=6.2 in the past 30 years - both
north of today's epicenter in central and northern Hawaii Island - on May 4, 2018
with M 6.9 and as an M 6.7 on October 15, 2006. Today's earthquake occurred near the Loi'hi Seamount south of Hawaii and is not
directly associated with the current major eruption of Kilauea volcano to the north.
The shaking caused some doors to open and some items to be thrown from shelves
in businesses. No major damage or casualties were reported and a tsunami does not
appear to have been generated with this earthquake. The earthquake occurred within minutes of the maximum of a geomagnetic storm at local solar noon and
was probably promoted by high tidal stresses associated with the new moon and the geomagnetic storm, which stresses maximize near this hour, as
noted in this and previous issues of this summary" (February 9, 2024, November 5, 2024)
The M 4.6 in Hawaii today occurred within minutes of local solar midnight
and during a major eruption of Mount Kilauea and may have been promoted by
strong tidal and/or geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this hour.
This epicenter is at 104 degrees from Tropical Cyclone Senyar; and near the
sixth node from Northern Honshu, Japan (60 degrees) and may have been
promoted by energy from those sources. The earthquake of M 6.4-6.6 in Sumatra
today is at the same distance (node 6) from northern Honshu.
O: 26NOV2025 09:49:45 19.3N 155.1W MB=4.6 EMSC ISLAND OF HAWAII, HAWAII
NEIC also reported an earthquake of M 3.4-3.5 off the coast of northern Hawaii island was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of off the coast of northern Hawaii island with II in Honokaa, Kapaau, Kamuela and Hawi.
The last earthquake within about 100 km of this epicenter with M>=3.4 was
recorded as an M 3.6 on November 3, 2025 and as an M 4.2 on October 19, 2025.
At the time this summary noted:
"A moderate earthquake of M 4.2 was widely felt in northern island of Hawaii today. NEIC reported intensity III in Hawaii at Laupahoehoe, Kealakekua, Honokaa, Papaaloa, Paauilo, Waikoloa, Naalehu, Kamuela, Kailua Kona and Ookala, among others.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Kailua-Kona, Puako, Waimea, Pepeekeo.
This accompanied a major eruption of Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii but was not
associated with that eruption. It is the strongest earthquake in northern
island of tectonic origin since an M 4.5 on March 20, 2022. At the time this
summary noted in this regard:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 4.5-5.2 north of Hawaii.
It was also the strongest earthquake in the world today. It was widely felt throughout much of Hawaii. NEIC reported maximum intensity V at Honokaa, Paauilo with IV in Kapaau, Hawi, Kamuela, Ookala, Laupahoehoe, Papaaloa, Hakalau and IIII in Waikoloa and as far as 400 km from the epicenter in Princeville and Kapaa, Hawaii.
The earthquake in Hawaii follows a strong series of volcanic eruptions which accompanied
the solar flares of July 2-3, which included an X1.5 on July 3, the largest
observed in nearly four years." (July 5, 2021)
This epicenter is located at 109 degrees from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage
of October 10 and may have been promoted by energy from that source." (October 19, 2025)
O: 26NOV2025 14:24:16 20.5N 155.5W ML=3.5 EMSC HAWAII REGION, HAWAII
Moderate earthquakes also struck two areas of California today. These included
an M 4.0-4.1 and an aftershock of M 3.6-3.7 south of San Francisco and an M 4.1
in the northern Gulf of California.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in the area south of San Francisco, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of San Francisco, California with IV in Gilroy, San Juan Bautista and III in San Jose, San Francisco, Hollister, Morgan Hill, Aromas, Redwood City, San Mateo, Oakland, San Martin, Aptos, Los Altos, Fremont, Santa Clara, Los Gatos, Sausalito, Hayward, Walnut Creek, Daly City Saratoga, Stanford, Watsonville and San Francisco and Mariposa among other communities in central California.
This is the strongest earthquake within about 50 km of this epicenter since an M 4.2 on September
29, 2024. At the time this summary noted:
"A moderate earthquake of M 4.2 shook the region south of San Francisco, California today. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Salinas and King City and III in Carmel, Carmel Valley, Kerman and Fresno, California.
This follows a pair of moderate earthquakes off the coast of northern California
yesterday of M 5.1 and 4.6 as noted in the previous update to this summary:
"The strongest earthquakes in the U.S. or Canada today occurred as events of M 5.1 and M 4.6 off the coast of northern California. NEIC reported they were felt in California with intensity II at Eureka, McKinleyville, Crescent City, and in Oregon in Brookings, Gold Beach, Medfore and Grants Pass." (September 28, 2024, September 29, 2024)
Tidal stresses may have helped promote this activity as today's event in Central California
The aftershock of M 3.6 was reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity IV in San Jose, Aptos, San Margin and III in Burlingame, San Jose, Hollister, Morgan Hill, Gilroy, Santa Clara and II in San Francisco, Los Gatos, Fremont, Sunnyvale, Mountain View, among others.
A foreshock of M 2.1 began this series near local solar midnight and may
have been promoted by the strong geomagnetic storm which commenced about
that time and/or by tidal stresses.
These epicenters are at 102-103 degrees from the major earthquakes in
the central Philippines and Tropical Cyclone Koto; at the fifth node (72 degrees) from northern Honshu, Japan
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 26NOV2025 14:16:41 37.0N 121.5W MW=4.0 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 26NOV2025 08:23:21 37.0N 121.8W MD=2.1 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 26NOV2025 14:18:35 37.0N 121.5W MD=2.7 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 26NOV2025 14:20:01 37.0N 121.5W ML=3.7 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 26NOV2025 18:49:32 38.1N 122.1W MD=2.1 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 26NOV2025 16:41:24 30.3N 114.1W ML=4.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Ryukyu Islands, Japan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Ryukyu Islands, Japan in Haebaru, Okinawa.
O: 26NOV2025 11:55:31 27.0N 125.4E MB=4.5 EMSC NORTHEAST OF TAIWAN
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.1 in Bali, Indonesia was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Bali, Indonesia in Denpasar.
This earthquake was simultaneous with the M 4.6 in Hawaii today.
This epicenter is at the fifth node from Kamchatka and may have been promoted
by energy from that source.
O: 26NOV2025 09:49:14 9.3S 114.6E ML=4.1 EMSC SOUTH OF BALI, INDONESIA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE KOTO
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC KOTO 2025-11-27 00:00 UT 13.1N 113.8E 85 kts West of Central Philippines
Tropical Cyclone Koto (05B) continued today in the region west of central Philippines winds up to 85 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of the central Philippines. The antipode is at 13S 67W - is in the area of north-western Brazil. Some enhanced seismicity in central Peru is possible near 13S 71-75W as this cyclone tracks to the west over the next several days.
TROPICAL CYCLONE 04B (SENYAR)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC SENYAR 2025-11-27 00:00 UT 3.6N 98.0E 35 kts Sumatra, Indonesia.
Tropical Cyclone Senyar (04B) continued today in the region of northern Sumatra with winds up to 35 kts where it made landfall today. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of Sumatra Indonesia. It made landfall in northern Sumatra today and to dissipate quickly and was accompanied by an M 6.4 earthquake as landfall was being made. The antipode is at 3S 82W - is in the area west of Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE 05B
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC 05B 2025-11-27 00:00 UT 7.0N 82.1E 45 kts Sri Lanka
Tropical Cyclone 05B formed today in the region of Sri Lanka south of India with winds up to 45 kts where it made landfall today. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this area or to the north. The antipode is at 7S 98W - is in the area west of south of the Galapagos and west of Peru but is not seismic.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 26, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
8500 0248 0300 0307 C2.2 (November 26, 2025) 1.6E-03
Tonga M 5.0 02:59 UT
Madagascar M 3.3 02:48 UT
British Columbia, Canada M 3.7 02:59 UT
8520 0514 0522 0529 C1.0 (November 26, 2025) 8.4E-04
Sumatra M 4.9 05:28 UT
8530 0547 0556 0605 C1.1 (November 26, 2025) 1.3E-03
8580 0605 0612 0617 C1.2 (November 26, 2025) 9.4E-04
Talaud M 4.2 06:07 UT
Nepal M 4.3 06:23 UT
8570 1014 1024 1031 C1.9 (November 26, 2025) 1.4E-03
Chiapas M 4.5 10:32 UT
8590 1329 1334 1351 C1.1 (November 26, 2025) 1.5E-03
Central California M 4.0 14:16 UT
8630 2129 2135 2142 C1.3 (November 26, 2025) 1.0E-03
Bay of Bengal M 4.0 21:30 UT
Meghalaya, India M 3.4 21:31 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 27 active November 28 disturbed November 29. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 23 43 15 12:00 6 85 120
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 26, 2025 at 19:10:36 UT (#251126A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 26, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The geomagnetic field was at minor storm disturbance today. At high latitudes the K-index
reached 7 around 11:00 and was near 6 from about 0800-2000 UT. This could promote
seismicity at high latitudes today and tomorrow, but these triggered events
are still likely to remain moderate and to occur in Alaska and perhaps the
South Atlantic area. This geomagnetic storm along with two new Tropical
Cyclones may help to end the ongoing seismic quiet which has been discussed in this
summary in the previous issue as:
"The quiet period with no earthquakes in the world of M>5.8 has now prevailed for the past 15 days - since an M 6.0
on November 10 in northern Honshu, Japan. Several periods have occurred in
the past 5 years when there were no earthquakes of M>5.8 but these were
terminated after 9 days at the most, so a 16+ day quiet as is current is
extraordinary and may require further investigation. The current seismic
quiet has persisted during several geomagnetic storms and X-class flares
and has been quite robust. The last quiet period at M>5.8 occurred following an M 6.2 in
the Kermadec Islands on May 18, 2018 and lasted 24+ days and is the longest
since modern catalogs began around 1990. It was terminated by an
M 5.9 on June 12, 2018 in Sumatra. The only other such quiet periods
in the past 10 years occurred September 26-October 15, 2016 (19 days) (terminating with
an M 6.4 in New Britain (and an M 7.8 a month later - November 13, 2016 in Christchurch, New Zealand); December 15, 2017 through January 2, 2018 (18 days) terminating with an M 5.9 in Tonga and an M 7.9 in the Alaska Peninsula on January 23, 2018; and August 15, 2015 through September 1, 2015 (17 days) terminating with an M 6.0 in the Izu Islands, Japan and an M 8.3 in Coquimbo, Chile on September 16, 2015. " (November 25-26, 2025)
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in Sumatra, Indonesia was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Sumatra. NEIC reported likely shaking was felt in the epicentral area.
This epicenter is near the eye of Tropical Cyclone Senyar as reported in this summary
and may have been triggered by energy from that storm.
Tropical Cyclone Senyar (04B) formed today in the region of Sumatra with winds up to 45 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of Sumatra Indonesia. It is expected to make landfall in northern Sumatra today and to dissipate quickly. The antipode is at 4S 82W - is in the area west of Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
This epicenter is at the third node from the Drake Passage; near the sixth node from
Honshu, Japan and at the fifth node (72 degrees) from Kamchatka and may have
been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 26NOV2025 05:28:37 2.4N 99.0E MB=4.9 EMSC NORTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 in Samoa was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Samoa with III in Tualaele, North West Upolu.
This epicenter is at the fourth node (90 degrees) from Tropical Cyclone Senyar
and at the fifth node from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 26NOV2025 02:59:11 15.1S 173.6W MB=5.0 EMSC TONGA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in The Fox Islands, Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of The Fox Islands, Alaska with IV in Nikolski and III in Unalaska.
This event occurred during a strong geomagnetic storm at high latitudes and
may have been promoted by energy from that storm as it lies beneath the
ionospheric ring currents in the area. The last earthquake in the area
within about 200 km of this epicenter in the Fox Islands with M>=4.9 occurred
on September 16, 2025 - an aftershock of an M 6.0 of September 3, 2025.
At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 6.0 in the Fox Islands, Aleutians, Alaska. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Nikolski, Alaska.
Foreshocks of M M 4.2 and M 5.0 occurred to the west of this event and were lightly felt in this epicentral area.
The mainshock occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted by
tidal and/or geeomagnetic effects which maximize near this hour.
This is the strongest earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter since
an M 6.0 on July 19, 2024. The last of larger magnitude in this area was an
M 6.6 on January 11, 2022. At the time this summary noted:
"Strong earthquakes of M 6.8 and M 6.4 shook the region of the Fox Islands, Aleutians, Alaska today. NEIC reported the M 6.8 was felt with intensity VI in Nikolski; IV in Dutch Harbor, Unalaska, Falso Pass and II-III in Akutan, Atka, Cold Bay, and Adak, Alaska. The M 6.4 aftershock was reported with intensity IV in Nikolski, Alaska and III in Unalaska.
An aftershock of M 5.8 was also reported felt with intensity IV in Nikolski and Dutch Harbor, Alaska.
The last earthquake within about 250 km of this epicenter in the Fox Islands
with M>=6.8 was an M 6.9 on July 27, 2015 about 150 km west of today's epicenter.
...
"An M 3.9 also occurred in the Fox Islands, Alaska today. The last earthquake
of larger magnitude in the Fox Islands was an M 4.4 on January 3, 2022. This
may be related to the moderate geomagnetic storm which was occurring at
the time of this earthquake." (January 11, 2022)
Like other earthquakes in recent days in the Aleutians of Alaska, and the
deadly earthquake in Afghanistan two days ago, this epicenter is located at
141 degrees from the Drake Passage M 7.5 of August 22 and may have been promoted
by energy from that source." (September 3, 2025)
This epicenter is at the fourth node from Tropical cyclone Senyar and at the
fifth node (72 degrees) from tropical Cyclone Koto and may have been promoted by
energy from those storms.
O: 25NOV2025 17:16:20 53.1N 168.1W MW=4.9 EMSC FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.4 in Mindanao, Philippines was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Mindanao, Philippines in southern Mindanao with IV in Buayan, III in Ula and Davao and II in Mawab, Katangawan and Bato.
This was the strongest earthquake in the world today. It is the strongest
in southern Mindanao, Philippines since an M 5.8 on October 20, 2025. These are aftershocks of the M 6.7 in
Mindanao of October 10, 2024. At the time this summary noted:
"An aftershock of M 6.7 also occurred today in Mindanao, Philippines. This follows the M 7.4 in that area which occurred earlier on UT October 10, 2025.
NEIC reported today's aftershock was felt with damage and intensity VI in Southern Mindanao at Baganga, Babag, Mabantao; V in Lasang, Buayan, Davao, Ula, and IV in San Jose, Hagonoy and Nabunturan.
EMSC reported moderate to strong shaking in Mindanao at Santo Nino, Limao, Babak, Davao, Ula, Bansalan, Maramag, Tandag, General Santos, San Martin, Cagayan de Oro, Balingasag, Cotabato, General Luna, San Francisco, Surigao, La Paz, Gabi, Calero, San Goque, Consolacion, Danao, Tabuelan, northern Cebu.
PHIVOLCS reported intensity VI in Manay, Davao Oriental; V in Baganga, Boston, Caraga, Cateel and Tarragona, Davao Oriental and IV in Mawab, Monkayo, Nabunturan and Pantukan, Davao de Oro; City of Davao, City of Mati, Davao Orienta; City of Bislig, Surigao. It was also reported with intensity II-III in Leyte, Davao del Sur, Cotabo, Sultan Kudarat, Dinagat Islands, Eastern Samar, Northern Samat, Cagayan de Oro, Cotabato.
This epicenter is at 144 degrees from Tropical Storm Jerry in the North Atlantic and
at 51.4 degrees (node 7) from the recent major seismicity in Kamchatka.
It is likely it was promoted by energy from those sources.
It also lies on the geomagnetic equator at the fifth node from the South
Geomagnetic Pole and may have been set up by energy associated with the recent major geomagnetic storm." (October 10, 2025)
O: 25NOV2025 10:45:19 6.4N 126.2E MW=5.4 EMSC MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES
An earthquake of M 5.4 also struck the region of Kyushu, Japan today. NEIC reported
it was felt with intensity up to VII in Japan at Aso, Kumamoto and V in Saiki, Oita with IV in Fukuika and III in Okayama, Nagasaki, Ehime and South Korea.
This is the largest earthquake in northern Kyushu, Japan since an M 6.3 on April 17, 2024.
At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today damaged areas of Shikoku and Kyushu, Japan. NEIC reported this earthquake of M 6.3 in Shikoku, Japan was felt with intensity up to IX in the area(s) of Shikoku, Japan in Uwajima.
EMSC reported to strong to damaging shaking in Shikoku at Beppu, Kumamoto, Hakata, Chuo, Kita, Minami, Japan." (April 17, 2024)
O: 25NOV2025 09:01:18 33.0N 131.0E MW=5.4 EMSC KYUSHU, JAPAN
Several unusual earthquakes today occurred at nodal distances from the M 6.9
in Honshu or November 9, 2025. These included events in the Auckland Islands
south of New Zealand (M 4.7); The Indian-Antarctic Ridge south of Australia (M 4.7), Crete at the fourth node (90 degrees);
and continuing volcanism in Ethiopia and Eritrea; an M 3.3 in Madagascar and an M 4.6 in Mexico at 103 degrees (Node 7); among
others. These events were likely promoted by nodal energy from Honshu.
O: 26NOV2025 07:07:21 51.1S 162.1E MB=4.7 EMSC AUCKLAND ISLANDS, N.Z. REGION
O: 25NOV2025 19:21:41 34.9N 23.3E MB=4.4 EMSC CRETE, GREECE
O: 25NOV2025 15:19:25 48.9S 123.7E MB=4.7 EMSC WESTERN INDIAN-ANTARCTIC RIDGE
O: 23NOV2025 08:55:02 14.7N 41.1E MB=4.7 EMSC NEAR THE COAST OF ERITREA
O: 26NOV2025 09:17:41 15.1N 93.0W ML=4.4 EMSC OFFSHORE CHIAPAS, MEXICO
O: 26NOV2025 02:47:53 12.3S 46.4E ML=3.3 EMSC NORTHWEST OF MADAGASCAR
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE KOTO
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC KOTO 2025-11-26 00:00 UT 11.8N 116.4E 70 kts West of Central Philippines
Tropical Cyclone Koto (05B) continued today in the region west of central Philippines winds up to 70 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of the central Philippines. The antipode is at 11S 64W - is in the area of eastern Brazil and is not expected to see enhanced seismicity at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE 04B (SENYAR)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC SENYAR 2025-11-26 00:00 UT 3.9N 98.2E 45 kts Sumatra, Indonesia.
Tropical Cyclone Senyar (04B) formed today in the region of Sumatra with winds up to 45 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of Sumatra Indonesia. It is expected to make landfall in northern Sumatra today and to dissipate quickly. The antipode is at 4S 82W - is in the area west of Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 25, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
8410 1416 1435 1458 C1.9 (November 25, 2025) 3.6E-03
Unimak Is. Alaska M 4.5 14:20 UT
8420 1545 1556 1606 C2.1 (November 25, 2025) 2.3E-03
Loyalty Is. M 4.9 15:52 UT
8430 1623 1628 1632 C1.6 (November 25, 2025) 9.7E-04
Haida Gwaii M 2.6 16:38 UT
8460 2103 2112 2117 C1.1 (November 25, 2025) 8.0E-04
Baja California M 3.4 21:18 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 26-27 active November 28. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 32 61 17 11:00 7 99 116
The geomagnetic field was at minor storm disturbance today. At high latitudes the K-index
reached 7 around 11:00 and was near 6 from about 0800-2000 UT. This could promote
seismicity at high latitudes today and tomorrow, but these triggered events
are still likely to remain moderate and to occur in Alaska and perhaps the
South Atlantic area.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 25, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A moderate geomagnetic storm occurred today at high latitudes and reached Kp
of 6 from about 13:00-22:00 UT. This is likely to promote moderate immediate
increases in high latitude seismicity in the next day but is also likely to
extend the current global seismic quiet period for several more days as geomagnetic
fields are disturbed by the storn. The quiet period with no earthquakes in
the world of M>5.8 has now prevailed for the past 15 days - since an M 6.0
on November 10 in northern Honshu, Japan. Several periods have occurred in
the past 5 years when there were no earthquakes of M>5.8 but these were
terminated after 9 days at the most, so a 16+ day quiet as is current is
extraordinary and may require further investigation. The current seismic
quiet has persisted during several geomagnetic storms and X-class flares
and has been quiet robust. The last quiet period at M>5.8 occurred following an M 6.2 in
the Kermadec Islands on May 18, 2018 and lasted 24+ days and is the longest
since modern catalogs began around 1990. It was terminadted by an
M 5.9 on June 12, 2018 in Sumatra. The only other such quiet periods
in the past 10 years occurred September 26-October October 15, 2016 (19 days) (terminating with
an M 6.4 in New Britain; December 15, 2017 through January 2, 2018 (18 days) terminating with an M 5.9 in Tonga; and August 15, 2015 through September 1, 2015 (17 days) terminating with an M 6.0 in the Izu Islands, Japan.
The following table provides data on the 25 longest of these quiet periods
starting in 1990.
days quiet Begin time MO DA HR MN SC YEAR LAT (-S/+N) LON (-W+E) DEP MAG P End Time MO DA HR MN SC YEAR LAT(N+S-)LON(E+W-)DEPTH MAG PH
24.890938 736708.073275 5 18 1 45 31 2018 -34.551 -178.416 10.6 6.2 10 736732.964213 6 12 23 8 28 2018 -2.020 98.588 9.0 5.9 10
19.113657 736108.222199 09 26 05 19 58 2016 27.471 128.560 40.3 6.0 10 736127.335856 10 15 08 03 38 2016 -4.262 150.406 446.6 6.4 10
17.923171 736553.699954 12 15 16 47 56 2017 -7.734 108.023 91.9 6.5 10 736571.623125 1 2 14 57 18 2018 -24.822 178.461 576.6 5.9 10
17.318090 735701.324375 08 15 07 47 06 2015 -10.905 163.877 6.4 6.6 10 735718.642465 09 01 15 25 09 2015 31.173 141.600 7.3 6.0 10
15.944664 735481.213287 01 07 05 07 08 2015 5.828 -82.652 10.0 6.6 10 735497.157951 01 23 03 47 27 2015 -17.000 168.531 218.5 6.8 10
15.806481 728134.344838 11 21 08 16 34 1994 25.540 96.657 14.0 5.9 10 728150.151319 12 07 03 37 54 1994 -23.422 -66.639 235.0 6.0 10
15.761805 726915.492211 07 20 11 48 47 1991 54.565 -161.654 32.0 5.9 10 726931.254016 08 05 06 05 47 1991 -21.363 -174.396 30.0 6.0 10
15.572291 727464.730035 01 20 17 31 15 1993 -7.205 128.566 33.0 6.4 10 727480.302326 02 05 07 15 21 1993 12.573 141.882 27.0 5.9 10
15.411713 727883.150220 03 15 03 36 19 1994 11.110 -88.083 14.0 6.4 10 727898.561933 03 30 13 29 11 1994 9.003 126.254 40.0 5.9 10
14.581609 735566.173738 04 02 04 10 11 2015 -17.837 -178.663 560.5 6.0 10 735580.755347 04 16 18 07 42 2015 35.137 26.822 20.0 6.0 10
14.499988 728671.572049 05 11 13 43 45 1996 -6.605 155.038 33.0 6.3 10 728686.072037 05 26 01 43 44 1996 -22.191 171.475 108.0 6.2 10
14.221111 739144.678773 1 20 16 17 26 2025 23.234 120.475 10.0 6.0 10 739158.899884 2 3 21 35 50 2025 2.988 128.187 101.0 5.9 10
13.960567 735396.175347 10 14 04 12 30 2014 -34.917 179.970 31.5 6.1 10 735410.135914 10 28 03 15 43 2014 -15.193 -174.666 35.0 6.1 10
13.874444 729777.422836 05 22 10 08 53 1999 -20.731 169.881 33.0 6.1 10 729791.297280 06 06 07 08 05 1999 13.897 -90.768 33.0 6.3 10
13.568009 736638.906667 3 10 21 45 36 2018 -1.423 -15.200 10.0 5.9 10 736652.474676 3 24 11 23 32 2018 -5.483 151.482 35.8 6.3 10
13.453541 731121.747512 01 27 17 56 25 2003 -46.048 35.057 10.0 6.4 10 731135.201053 02 10 04 49 31 2003 -6.011 149.792 33.0 6.2 10
13.103681 737293.150023 12 25 3 36 2 2019 50.583 -129.999 10.0 6.3 10 737306.253704 1 7 6 5 20 2020 2.333 96.347 20.3 6.2 10
12.970278 735261.495694 05 31 11 53 48 2014 18.852 -107.445 10.0 6.2 10 735274.465972 06 14 11 11 00 2014 -10.057 91.056 7.1 6.4 10
12.793831 728326.672685 05 31 16 08 40 1995 18.956 -107.420 33.0 6.4 10 728339.466516 06 14 11 11 47 1995 12.128 -88.360 25.0 6.6 10
12.781505 737713.646389 2 18 15 30 48 2021 -14.833 -176.738 7.7 6.1 10 737726.427894 3 3 10 16 10 2021 39.764 22.176 10.0 6.3 10
12.776134 737915.074850 9 8 1 47 47 2021 16.982 -99.773 20.0 7.0 10 737927.850984 9 20 20 25 25 2021 46.406 152.411 25.0 6.0 10
12.673403 734280.793611 09 23 19 02 48 2011 -9.051 -109.440 10.0 5.9 10 734293.467014 10 06 11 12 30 2011 -24.178 -64.219 15.0 5.9 10
12.458380 726960.497407 09 03 11 56 16 1991 -17.921 -115.992 10.0 6.3 10 726972.955787 09 15 22 56 20 1991 -31.512 -69.936 110.0 5.9 10
12.258657 728158.472477 12 15 11 20 22 1994 -37.282 177.523 33.0 6.5 10 728170.731134 12 27 17 32 50 1994 -31.965 179.860 212.0 6.4 10
12.181632 726526.505891 06 26 12 08 29 1990 -22.015 -179.473 586.0 6.3 10 726538.687523 07 08 16 30 02 1990 -17.827 -178.903 559.0 5.9 10
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.9 in the Geysers area of northern California today. NEIC reported
it was felt with intensity IV in California at Middletown; III in San Rafael, Kelseyville, San Francisco, Clearlake, Angwin, Lower Lake, Cloverdate, Guerneville and Healdsburg.
This was the largest earthquake in this area since an M 4.1 was felt on August 14, 2025.
The last earthquake of significantly larger size in the area occurred
as an M 4.7 on January 2, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 4.7 in the Geysers
region of Northern California. Press reported the earthquake was felt as far
as San Francisco as a rolling motion. While some minor damage was reported
no significant damage was noted. More than 1500 people reported to the USGS
that they had felt this earthquake. Maximum intensity occurred as VI at Sacramento with V in California at Kelseyville, Middletown, III in San Francisco, Calistoga, Fairfield, Hercules, Saint Helena, Yountville, Oakland, San Rafael, San Anselmo, Sausalito, Santa Rosa, Clearlake, Cloverdale, Geyserville, Glenhaven, Healdsburg, Hopland, Lakeport, Lower Lake, Monte Rio, Nice, Hidden Valley Lake. It was felt lightly in areas as far as 250 km from the epicenter in Nevada, and Central California.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in northern California at Kelseyville, Middletown, Healdsburg, Petaluma, Fairfield, Vallejo, Pinole, and San Francisco.
This earthquake is near the fourth node (90 degrees) from the M 7.4 in Vanuatu
of December 17, 2024 and may be an FFA of that event. Also like many of the
larger eventss in the California Geysers area this was closely associated
with the supermoon of December 30, 2024 and with the strongest geomagnetic
storm in nearly three months, both of which probably helped promote today's
M 4.7 in northern California. The last earthquake in
the Geysers area of California within about 100 km of today's epicenter with
M>=4.7 occurred on December 14, 2016 with M 5.0. The largest earthquake in the area
and the only of M>6.0 in the past 35 years occurred as an M 6.0 near Napa on
August 24, 2014. At the time of the 2016 earthquake this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in California today was an M 5.0 north of San Francisco
in the Geysers area of California. NEIC reported the mainshock was felt with intensity up to VI (minor damage) with reports of intensity V from Kelseyville; IV from Geyserville, Cloverdale, Middletown, Lakeport, Lower Lake, Cazadero, Upper Lake, Mendocino, and in general within about 100 km of the epicenter. Lesser shaking was reported from as far away as 470 km at Nipomo but these reports
probably refer to the Templeton earthquake in central California. Lesser shaking
associated with the Geysers event probably was limited to areas within about
150 km of that epicenter including, but not limited to San Mateo, San Rafael, Vacaville, Fairfield, Napa, Sonoma, Petaluma, Potter Valley, Yountville, Bodega Bay, Rohnert Park, Saint Helena, Santa Rosa, Ukiah, Sebastopol, Angwin, Healdsburg, Hopland, Hidden Valley Lake, Lucerne, Clearlake, Windsor, Calistoga, Guerneville, and Forestville, California.
Aftershocks were felt with intensity II-III in Lakeport, Calistoga, Sebastopol, Ukiah, Saint Helena, Cloverdale, Healdsburg, Windsor, Santa Rosa and San Francisco, California.
No major damage was reported with this earthquake. It is the strongest earthquake
in the Geysers area within about 50 km of this epicenter in at least 25 years.
Earthquakes hit the Napa area with M 6.0 on August 24, 2014 and with M 5.0 on September 3, 2000.
While smaller earthquakes in the Geysers, California are nearly continuous, events
of larger magnitude are uncommon. Today's earthquake may be the largest ever
recorded in the Geysers area, in fact. An M 5.0 was recorded on May 7, 1955 but
magnitudes were not well determined at the time. No other events in the Geysers
area have reached M>=5.0 until today." (December 14, 2016)
This earthquake occurred near the peak of a severe geomagnetic storm. This storm reached
maximum KP of 8 within about an hour of local solar noon in California
and probably helped trigger today's earthquake in northern California. High
latitude AP reached index of 113 on January 1 with middle latitude AP 48 and
Planetary index of 86. This is the strongest geomagnetic storm since AP reached 116 on October 11, 2024
with middle latitude AP of 123. In the past two issues this summary had
anticipated this seismicity and geomagnetic storm as:
These events occurred near local solar midnight and were probably promoted
by strong tidal stresses with today's new moon which maximized near this hour.
This summary had expected enhanced seismicity with this super-moon in previous
issues of this summary as:
"While global seismicity today was at relative moderate levels, several factors
in the next three days will probably move to enhance to possibility of
significant seismicity at the end of 2024. The first of these is the occurrence
of a super-moon on December 30,, 2024 as reported in earlier issues of this summary" (January 2, 2025)
This epicenter is at the seventh node from the North Geomagnetic equator (52 degrees)
an Kamchatka and at 101-103 degrees from major recent earthquakes in the central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those souorces.
O: 24NOV2025 15:09:29 38.8N 122.8W MD=2.9 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 24NOV2025 08:24:25 38.8N 122.5W MD=2.1 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 24NOV2025 10:49:30 38.8N 122.8W MD=2.2 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 24NOV2025 15:08:58 38.8N 122.8W Mw=3.7 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.3 in Southern Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern Alaska in Homer.
O: 24NOV2025 17:18:13 59.2N 151.5W ML=3.3 EMSC KENAI PENINSULA, ALASKA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Central Greece was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Greece iat Karditsa.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Greece at Georgiko, Mouzaki, Karditsa, Flamouli, Trikala, Kalampaka, Arta, Larisa, Kozani and Cholargos.
This epicenter is at the third node from the Drake Passage (120 degrees) and
at the fourth node from Leyte, Philippines and may have been promoted by
energy from those sources.
O: 24NOV2025 08:51:44 39.3N 21.7E MB=4.5 EMSC GREECE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.3 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in Soledad with IV with III in Paicines, and II in Greenfield, Madera and Glenbrook, Nevada.
O: 24NOV2025 07:09:22 36.6N 121.2W ML=3.2 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 24NOV2025 17:26:26 36.6N 121.2W MD=2.5 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE KOTO
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC KOTO 2025-11-25 00:00 UT 12.5N 120.3E 65 kts Central Philippines
Tropical Cyclone Koto (05B) formed today in the region west of central Philippines winds up to 65 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of the central Philippines. The antipode is at 13S 63W - is in the area of eastern Brazil and is not expected to see enhanced seismicity at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE 04B (SENYAR)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC SENYAR 2025-11-25 00:00 UT 4.5N 97.3E 55 kts Sumatra, Indonesia.
Tropical Cyclone Senyar (04B) formed today in the region of Sumatra with winds up to 55 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area of Sumatra Indonesia. It is expected to make landfall in northern Sumatra today and to dissipate quickly. The antipode is at 5S 83W - is in the area west of Ecuador an northern Peru where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 24, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
8250 0232 0245 0255 C1.2 (November 24, 2025) 1.4E-03
Xinjiang, China M 4.5 02:44 UT
8260 0603 0618 0621 C2.5 (November 24, 2025) 2.2E-03
8280 0621 0625 0629 C2.5 (November 24, 2025) 1.5E-03
Central California M 2.4 06:27 UT
8330 2146 2203 2216 C1.5 (November 24, 2025) 2.4E-03
8340 2216 2220 2223 C1.2 (November 24, 2025) 6.6E-04
Halmahera M 4.2 22:15 UT
Fiji M 4.7 22:29 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 25-27. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 22 44 15 17:00 6 99 116
A moderate geomagnetic storm occurred today at high latitudes and reached Kp
of 6 from about 13:00-22:00 UT. This is likely to promote moderate immediate
increases in high latitude seismicity in the next day but is also likely to
extend the current global seismic quiet period for several more days as geomagnetic
fields are disturbed by the storn. The quiet period with no earthquakes in
the world of M>5.8 has now prevailed for the past 15 days - since an M 6.0
on November 10 in northern Honshu, Japan. Several periods have occurred in
the past 5 years when there were no earthquakes of M>5.8 but these were
terminated after 9 days at the most, so a 15+ day quiet as is current is
extraordinary and may require further investigation.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 24, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
Haykli Gabbi - a volcano in Ethiopia erupted today. This is the first recorded
eruption of this volcano since then end of the last ice age, 12,000 years ago.
It is located about 700 km northeast of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia near Eritrea in
an area which has seen much seismic activity over the past four months.
An ash cloud from the eruption covered skies above Oman, India, Pakistan among others.
This volcanic eruption was accompanied by a moderate earthquake.
The accompanying earthquake of M 4.7 occurred within minutes of local solar
noon and may have been promoted by the new moon tidal stresses of November 20
as noted in previous issues of this summary:
"The New Moon will arrive on November 20, 2025 at 06:47 UT. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are near 100 West while those at local solar noon are near 80 East. These include, in the west areas of Central U.S. including western Texas, and central and western Mexico and portions of the East Pacific Rise and in the east in China, Pakistan and India in central Asia, Sumatra including the Nicobar and Andaman and Myanmar areas and in the South Indian Ocean. These are the regions most likely to see tidal triggering at this time and during the next week. Other areas can also be promoted by tidal stresses. These are most likely to occur near local solar noon and midnight." (November 17-20, 2025)
Today's eruption and earthquake in Eritrea may also have been triggered
by a solar flare (8130 C1.2) - one of the strongest of the day. This flare
began when Eritrea was within minutes of local solar noon and the earthquake
occurred at the maximum output of this flare. Data on this flare from
SWPC follows:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
8130 0849 0856 0900 C1.2 (November 23, 2025) 5.9E-04
Eritrea M 4.7 08:55 UT
South Sandwich Is. M 4.8 09:04 UT
O: 23NOV2025 08:55:02 14.7N 41.1E MB=4.7 EMSC NEAR THE COAST OF ERITREA
The volcanism in Eritrea was preceded 33 minutes earlier by the strongest earthquake
in the world today - an M 5.5 in the Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska (the largest earthquake in the world since an M 5.7-5.8 in Seram, Indonesia on November 20, 2025).
The distance between these two epicenters is 106 degrees - a conspicuous
nodal distance at which strong seismic energy reflected and refracted
off the core-mantle boundary returns to the surface and can help promote
seismicity. In this case, the SS seismic phase from the Andreanof Island quake was at the site of the
earthquake in Eritrea when that subsequent quake occurred and may have
triggered the eruption and earthquake.
The earthquake in the Andreanof Islands may have in turn, been triggered by a
moderate geomagnetic sudden commencement geomagnetic storm which began at
high latitudes with Kp up to 6 at about the same time. GOES magnetometers
show a low in the geomagnetic field intensity at that time.
It was another relatively quiet day in global seismicity today. The strongest
earthquake was an M 5.5 in the western Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska.
NEIC reported it felt in Adak, Alaska with light intensity of III. The last
earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=5.5 occurred as an
M 5.5 on September 21, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"The new moon arrived today. Several unusual earthquakes accompanied it and were
probably promoted by tidal stresses associated with it and the now completed geomagnetic storm of mid-September.
...
For many readers, the most significant earthquake associated with this new moon and
solar eclipse was an M 4.3 in the area of San Francisco, California. NEIC reported
it was felt with intensity up to V in the San Francisco area
...
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada or the world today was an M 5.5 in the western
Andreanof Islands, Alaska. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in
the Andreanof Islands, Alaska at Adak. This event is the strongest within about
200 km in the Andreanof Islands since a series at the beginning of Spring, 2025
of events of 5.6, 6.2, 5.7 and M 5.6 from March 20-22, 2025.
At the time this summary noted:
"Today's M 6.2 in the Aleutians, Alaska was reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity IV in Adak, Alaska as were a number
of aftershocks including an M 5.7. The last earthquake within about 200 km of today's event in the Andreanof Islands
with M>=6.2 occurred on December 8 and 9, 2024 - each with M 6.3. At the time
and again on March 20, 2025 when this series began this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquakes in the U.S. or Canada today occurred as a series of
events of M 6.0, 6.2, 6.3 in the central Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska." (March 20, 2025)
and
"The series of light to moderate earthquakes continued today in the Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska.
These began yesterday with event of M 5.6 and M 5.4 among others and today
included earthquakes of M 5.0 M 4.6 and 4.8 among many of smaller magnitude. These
earthquakes are being felt lightly in Adak, Alaska with intensity II-III.
This series is located at 103 degrees from Tropical Cyclone 26S in the South
Indian ocean and were probably promoted by energy from that source. TC 26S
is beginning to dissipate and it is likely this swarm of moderate earthquakes
in Alaska will also diminish as energy from TC26S declines." (March 20-21, 2025)
The last earthquake in this area of the Andreanof Islands, Alaska of significantly
larger magnitude than M 6.2 occurred as an M 7.0 on August 30, 2013 and prior to
that 26 years ago on March 20, 1999 with M 6.9." (March 22, 2025)
Today's M 5.5 occurred near local solar midnight with the new moon and solar eclipse today
and may have been promoted by tidal energies. That this and the series in March, 2025
(see above) occurred on the first day of Spring and the first day of autumn
is probably coincidence.
This epicenter is located at the 10th node (36 degrees) from the north geomagnetic
Pole; 120 degrees (node 3) from the South geomagnetic pole and 144 degrees from the Drake
passage and may have been promoted by energy associated with those sources." (September 21, 2025)
This epicenter is located at 144 degrees from the Drake Passage and at the sixth node (60 degrees) from the
strong quake in Leyte, Philipines and at the 12the node from Honshu Japan and may have been romoted by energy from those sources." (November 23, 2025)
O: 23NOV2025 08:21:46 51.5N 177.1W MB=5.5 EMSC ANDREANOF ISLANDS, ALEUTIANS, ALASKA
Other current volcanism is occurring at Mouont Taftan in southeastern Iran which
is seeing return to activity after nearly 700,000 years of quiet, Semeru in Indonesia; Rainier in Washington
State, Kilauea, Hawaii and Volcan del Fuego, Guatemala along with continuing
volcanism in Kamchatka, Russia and the central Philippines which followed
major earthquakes in those areas. Periods of enhanced volcanism
often accompany periods when the number of larger earthquakes (M>5.8) diminish
as the volcanic activity reduces stress without an accompanying strong earthquake.
A strong quiet period in global seismicity is currently occurring. The last
earthquake in the world of M>5.8 occurred 14 days ago as an M 6.0 on November 10, 2025
in Northern Honshu, Japan. The longest period in the past five years in
which there were no such earthquakes of M>5.8 lasted 9 days on several
occasions, so a 14-15 day seismic quiescence is remarkable. There is no
current indication that this quiet period is about to end.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.4 in the Central Mid-Atlantic today was not felt in this remote area.
The last earthquake of M>=5.4 within about 200 km of this epicenter was an M M 5.6 on April 19, 2025 and and
M 5.7 on January 14, 2025.
"An earthquake of M 5.1 occurred today in the Central Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It was
not reported felt in this remote area. This epicenter is nearly antipodal to
TC 31P off northern Australia and may have been promoted by energy from
that source." (April 19, 2025)
As with that event today's earthquake in the central Mid-Atlantic occurred
as a tropical cyclone (Fina) was near the antipode off northern Australia as
noted in this summary at the time:
"Tropical Cyclone Fina formed today in the region south of New Guinea with winds up to 55 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area. The antipode is at 10N 49W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time." (November 17, 2025)
O: 24NOV2025 02:21:04 7.5N 37.0W MW=5.4 EMSC CENTRAL MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
A second earthquake of M 4.7 also occurred today in the northern Mid-Atlantic near
the antipode of TC Fina. This event also was not felt in the epicentral area
of the Atlantic. It occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted
by strong geomagnetic storminess and by tidal stresses with the new moon.
The last earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter in the Northern
Mid-Atlantic with M>=4.7 was an M 5.0 more than a year ago on October 27, 2024.
This epicenter is located at 144 degrees from Mindanao and 101 degrees from
Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 23NOV2025 13:56:41 23.7N 45.0W MB=4.7 EMSC NORTHERN MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
A third earthquake also occurred today near the antipode of TC Fina.
All of these (see above) occurred as TC Fina was making landfall - a time when
the storm transers its energy in to the the solid earth.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Martinique was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Martinique in La Trinite, Le Robert, Le Gros-Morne, Le Lamentin, Saint-Esprit, Ducos, Asinte-Luce, Saint-Joseph, Fort-de France, Schoelcher, Les Trois-Ilets.
The last earthquake in Martinique within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=4.5
occurred on March 3, 2025 with M 4.8. At the time this summary noted:
"NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in Martinique was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Martinique with III in Fort-de-France and Le Lamentin and La Trinite, Martinique and in Cap Estate, Saint Lucia and II in Saint-Pierre, Martinique.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Martinique at La Trinite, Le Robert, Le Lorrain, Le Marigot, Le Grancois, Le Lamentin, Basse-Pointe, Saint-Esprit, Ducos, For-de France, Le Morne-Rouge, Riviere-Salee, Schoelcher, Sainte-Anne, Les Trois-Ilets, and in Dominica on Woeman Ridge and Calibishie. Also felt lightly i Grande Riviere,, Castries, Saint Lucia, i Guadeope at Saint-Francois, and Bair-Mahault." (March 3, 2025)
This epicenter is at 103 degrees from Kamchatka and at the third node from Honshu, Japan
and near the antipode of Tropical Cyclone Fina and may have been promoted by
energy from those sources as noted in this summary:
"Tropical Cyclone Fina continued today in the region of northwest Australia with winds up to 125 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area south of Indonesia. It is expected to make landfall in northern Australia today and to dissipate quickly. The antipode is at 15N 53W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge and the eastern Caribbean near Guadeloupe and Martinique where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time." (November 24, 2025)
O: 23NOV2025 21:22:03 15.0N 60.4W ML=4.5 EMSC MARTINIQUE REGION, WINDWARD IS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.6 in eastern Los Angeles was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of eastern Los Angeles with III in San Bernardino, Redlands and II i Highland, Loma Linea, San Bernardino.
O: 23NOV2025 23:54:43 34.1N 117.2W ML=2.6 EMSC GREATER LOS ANGELES AREA, CALI
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in the Virgin Islands was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Virgin Islands in Arroyo, Puerto Rico.
O: 23NOV2025 23:44:38 19.1N 64.6W MB=4.5 EMSC VIRGIN ISLANDS REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.4 in Southern Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern Alaska in Homer and Ninilchik.
O: 23NOV2025 22:09:25 60.1N 151.4W ML=3.4 EMSC KENAI PENINSULA, ALASKA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.2 south of Portland, Oregon was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of south of Portland, Oregon in Sheridan Silverton, Salem, Albany, and II in Dayton, Happy Valley, Stayton, and Portland.
O: 23NOV2025 15:58:26 45.1N 123.2W ML=3.2 EMSC OREGON
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in Atacama, Chile was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Atacama, Chile in Vicuna, Chile.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Martinique was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Martinique in La Trinite, Le Robert, Le Gros-Morne, Le Lamentin, Saint-Esprit, Ducos, Asinte-Luce, Saint-Joseph, Fort-de France, Schoelcher, Les Trois-Ilets.
The last earthquake in Martinique within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=4.5
occurred on March 3, 2025 with M 4.8. At the time this summary noted:
"NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in Martinique was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Martinique with III in Fort-de-France and Le Lamentin and La Trinite, Martinique and in Cap Estate, Saint Lucia and II in Saint-Pierre, Martinique.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Martinique at La Trinite, Le Robert, Le Lorrain, Le Marigot, Le Grancois, Le Lamentin, Basse-Pointe, Saint-Esprit, Ducos, For-de France, Le Morne-Rouge, Riviere-Salee, Schoelcher, Sainte-Anne, Les Trois-Ilets, and in Dominica on Woeman Ridge and Calibishie. Also felt lightly i Grande Riviere,, Castries, Saint Lucia, i Guadeope at Saint-Francois, and Bair-Mahault." (March 3, 2025)
This epicenter is at 103 degrees from Kamchatka and at the third node from Honshu, Japan
and near the antipode of Tropical Cyclone Fina and may have been promoted by
energy from those sources as noted in this summary:
"Tropical Cyclone Fina continued today in the region of northwest Australia with winds up to 125 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area south of Indonesia. It is expected to make landfall in northern Australia today and to dissipate quickly. The antipode is at 15N 53W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge and the eastern Caribbean near Guadeloupe and Martinique where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time." (November 24, 2025)
O: 23NOV2025 21:22:03 15.0N 60.4W ML=4.5 EMSC MARTINIQUE REGION, WINDWARD IS
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.4 in Leyte, Philippines was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Leyte, Philippines in Logon, Palompon, Masarayao, Ormoc City, and Consolacion.
O: 23NOV2025 09:44:11 11.2N 124.1E ML=4.4 EMSC LEYTE, PHILIPPINES
BMG reported an earthquake of M 5.2 in Java, Indonesia was felt with intensity up to III in the area(s) of Desa Ngembul, Watulimo, Poncokusumo, Malang, Java and II in Kab Purworejo, Magelang, Boyolali, Klaten Sukoharjo, Monogiri, Karanganyar, Sragen, Blors, Semarang, Temanggung, Kendal, Kulon Progo, Bantul, Gunungkidul, Sleman, Yogoyakarta, Pacitan, Ponorogo, Trenggalek, Tulungagung, Blita and Kediri among others.
This epicenter is near the eye of TC Fina and may have been promoted by
energy associated with that storm.
O: 23NOV2025 20:40:24 9.2S 111.9E MB=4.9 EMSC SOUTH OF JAVA, INDONESIA
O: 23NOV2025 20:40:24 9.2S 111.9E MB=5.2 BMG SOUTH OF JAVA, INDONESIA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE FINA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC FINA 2025-11-24 00:00 UT 14.5S 127.5E 125 kts Northwest Australia
Tropical Cyclone Fina continued today in the region of northwest Australia with winds up to 125 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area south of Indonesia. It is expected to make landfall in northern Australia today and to dissipate quickly. The antipode is at 15N 53W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge and the eastern Caribbean near Guadeloupe and Martinique where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 23, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
8100 0547 0602 0640 C1.4 (November 23, 2025) 4.2E-03
Indian-Antarctic Ridge M 4.7 06:16 UT
8110 0645 0654 0700 C1.8 (November 23, 2025) 1.4E-03
8130 0849 0856 0900 C1.2 (November 23, 2025) 5.9E-04
Eritrea M 4.7 08:55 UT
South Sandwich Is. M 4.8 09:04 UT
8140 0933 0941 0959 C1.0 (November 23, 2025) 1.5E-03
Leyte M 4.4 09:44 UT
8160 1149 1158 1205 C1.0 (November 23, 2025) 1.0E-03
8180 1205 1209 1213 C1.0 (November 23, 2025) 5.7E-04
8170 1230 1234 1236 C1.5 (November 23, 2025) 5.3E-04
Alaska Peninsula M 4.3 12:53 UT
Southe of Alaska M 3.5 12:29 UT
8190 1631 1640 1653 C1.0 (November 23, 2025) 1.3E-03
8210 2010 2019 2026 C1.6 (November 23, 2025) 1.1E-03
Southern Alaska M 4.3 20:30 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: quiet November 24 minor storms November 26-27. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 13 26 8 08:00 6 79 120
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 23, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
It was another relatively quiet day in global seismicity today. The strongest
earthquake was an M 5.5 in the western Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska.
NEIC reported it felt in Adak, Alaska with light intensity of III. The last
earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=5.5 occurred as an
M 5.5 on September 21, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"The new moon arrived today. Several unusual earthquakes accompanied it and were
probably promoted by tidal stresses associated with it and the now completed geomagnetic storm of mid-September.
...
For many readers, the most significant earthquake associated with this new moon and
solar eclipse was an M 4.3 in the area of San Francisco, California. NEIC reported
it was felt with intensity up to V in the San Francisco area
...
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada or the world today was an M 5.5 in the western
Andreanof Islands, Alaska. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in
the Andreanof Islands, Alaska at Adak. This event is the strongest within about
200 km in the Andreanof Islands since a series at the beginning of Spring, 2025
of events of 5.6, 6.2, 5.7 and M 5.6 from March 20-22, 2025.
At the time this summary noted:
"Today's M 6.2 in the Aleutians, Alaska was reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity IV in Adak, Alaska as were a number
of aftershocks including an M 5.7. The last earthquake within about 200 km of today's event in the Andreanof Islands
with M>=6.2 occurred on December 8 and 9, 2024 - each with M 6.3. At the time
and again on March 20, 2025 when this series began this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquakes in the U.S. or Canada today occurred as a series of
events of M 6.0, 6.2, 6.3 in the central Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska." (March 20, 2025)
and
"The series of light to moderate earthquakes continued today in the Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska.
These began yesterday with event of M 5.6 and M 5.4 among others and today
included earthquakes of M 5.0 M 4.6 and 4.8 among many of smaller magnitude. These
earthquakes are being felt lightly in Adak, Alaska with intensity II-III.
This series is located at 103 degrees from Tropical Cyclone 26S in the South
Indian ocean and were probably promoted by energy from that source. TC 26S
is beginning to dissipate and it is likely this swarm of moderate earthquakes
in Alaska will also diminish as energy from TC26S declines." (March 20-21, 2025)
The last earthquake in this area of the Andreanof Islands, Alaska of significantly
larger magnitude than M 6.2 occurred as an M 7.0 on August 30, 2013 and prior to
that 26 years ago on March 20, 1999 with M 6.9." (March 22, 2025)
Today's M 5.5 occurred near local solar midnight with the new moon and solar eclipse today
and may have been promoted by tidal energies. That this and the series in March, 2025
(see above) occurred on the first day of Spring and the first day of autumn
is probably coincidence.
This epicenter is located at the 10th node (36 degrees) from the north geomagnetic
Pole; 120 degrees (node 3) from the South geomagneitc pole and 144 degrees from the Drake
passage and may have been promoted by energy associated with those sources." (September 21, 2025)
This epicenter is located at 144 degrees from the Drake Passage and at the sixth node (60 degrees) from the
strong quake in Leyte, Philipines and at the 12the node from Honshu Japan and may have been romoted by energy from those sources.
O: 23NOV2025 08:21:46 51.4N 177.1W MW=5.5 EMSC ANDREANOF ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN IS
A second moderate earthquake of M 4.9-5.0 was also felt in Alaska today. This event
occurred west of Anchorage, Alaska and was widely felt in the region. NEIC reported nearly
that nearly 2000 respondants felt the quake including those with intensity III in Alaska
at Tyonek, Fort Richardson, Anchorage, Elmendorf AFB, and Soldotna, Alaska among others.
NEIC reported the last earthquake of M>=5.0 within about 200 km of today's
epicenter was an M 5.4 on October 30, 2025 and before that an M 5.0 on December 1, 2023.
At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake felt in the world today was an M 5.4 in the Kenai, Alaska area. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity V in Alaska at Cooper Landing; IV in Homer, Anchor Point, Seward, Clam Gulch, Kenai, Soldotna, Moose Pass and III in Sterling and Girdwood.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Alaska at Diamond Ridge, Seward, Honer, MacDonald Spit, Seldovia, Bear Creek, Ninichik, Anchor Point, Funny River, Soldotna, Kenai, Nikiski, Girdwood, Anchorage, Eagle River.
No damage or casualties or tsunami was reported with this earthquake. The
last earthquake of M>=5.4 in the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska within abouot 200 km
of today's epicenter was an M 5.4 on March 19, 2023 with the last of larger magnitude
and M 5.8 more than six years ago on May 27, 2019. At the time this summary
noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.4 in Southern Alaska. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity V in Alaska at Anchor Point, Homer, Ninilchik, IV in Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and III in Clam Gulch, Kasilof, Soldotna, Sterling, Cooper Landing, Kenai, Anchorage, Girdwood, Iliamna, Fort Richardson, Eagle River, Willow, Wasilla, Chugiak, Palmer and Valdez.
This is the largest earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter in the
Kenai Peninsula of Alaska since an M 5.8 about 100 km southwest of today's epicenter on May 27, 2019.
At the time this summary noted in this regard:
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.8 in the Kodiak Island region of Southern Alaska.
EIC reported intensity IV in Homer and Anchor point and II-III in Ninilchik, Pedro Bay, Kodiak Kenai NTL, Kasilof, Soldotna and Sterling, Alaska among others.
This is the strongest earthquake in the Kodiak area within about 150 km of this epicener
since an M 7.1 to the north on January 24, 2016." (May 27, 2019)
An M 5.9 at intermediate depth also occurred about 200 km northwest of today's
epicenter in the Kenai Peninsula on December 21, 2021. At the time this
summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today occurred in the Kenai area of Southern Alaska with M 5.9. NEIC reported maximum intensity V in southern Alaska at West Kenai, and IV in Anchor Point, Ninilchik, Calm Gulch, Kasilof, Soldotna, Homer, Sterling, Pedro Bay and North Lake among other communities in southern Alaska.
This earthquake occurred on a day when the Wolf Sunspot number was the highest
since the last solar active period six years ago
...
The last earthquake of larger magnitude within about 200 km of today's event
occurred about 50 km south of today's epicenter on January 24, 2016 with M 7.1 and
prior to that an M 6.2 on July 29, 2015. Both of these events were associated
with strong solar outbursts. Today's earthquake occurred within minutes of
local solar noon (like the M 7.2 in Northern California yesterday) and
was likely promoted by strong tidal and geomagnetic stresses which maximize
near this hour." (December 21, 2021, March 19, 2023, October 31, 2025)
This epicenter is located at the eighth node (45 degrees) from northern Honshu, Japan
and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 22NOV2025 15:38:56 61.2N 151.2W MB=5.0 NEIC SOUTHERN ALASKA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.3 in Burma was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Burma in Ban Bung Chon Buri, Thailand.
This earthquake occurred near local solar noon and was probably promoted by the
new moon of November 20 as it lies at a longitude where that event experienced
maximum stress as noted in previous issues of this summary:
"The New Moon will arrive on November 20, 2025 at 06:47 UT. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are near 100 West while those at local solar noon are near 80 East. These include, in the west areas of Central U.S. including western Texas, and central and western Mexico and portions of the East Pacific Rise and in the east in China, Pakistan and India in central Asia, Sumatra including the Nicobar and Andaman and Myanmar areas and in the South Indian Ocean. These are the regions most likely to see tidal triggering at this time and during the next week. Other areas can also be promoted by tidal stresses. These are most likely to occur near local solar noon and midnight." (November 17-20, 2025)
The last earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>5.4 occurred as an M 5.8
on July 31, 2014 with M 5.8. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake of the day was an M 5.8-6.1 in the Andaman Sea of India. It was
reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity III in the region of Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
as far away as Bangkok, Thailand with intensity II. There were no reports of damage or casualties from this quake. No tsunami was expected or observed. This
epicenter is at the northern end of the great Sumatra earthquake of December 26, 2004
and it is likely that seismic energy was concentrated in this area at that time
leading to a major event in the region. The strong quake was followed by a moderate
event of M 5.1 at the same epicenter. The last earthquake within 200 km of this
epicenter of M>=5.8 occurred four years ago on June 18, 2010. The strongest earthquake
in the area in the past 25 years occurred on May 31, 2010 and also on September 13, 2002.
The great earthquake of December 26, 2004 was followed by an M 5.9 on that date
in this region of the Andaman Islands. The mainshock was followed by an 4.9
in the area where the rupture in December, 2004 began." (July 31, 2014)
O: 23NOV2025 04:39:22 13.3N 95.8E MW=5.3 EMSC ANDAMAN ISLANDS, INDIA REGION
NEIC also reported an earthquake of M 5.4 in Halmahera, Indonesia. It was note felt by NEIC but was expected to have been felt locally with intensity up to IV by that agency.
BMG reported it was felt with intensity V in Halmahera at Maba Utara and III in Tobelo Tim, Wasile, Maba, and II in Halmahera, Pulau Morotai, Ternate, Tidore and Selatan.
The earthquake occurred within minutes of local solar noon and may have
been promoted by strong tidal and/or geomagnetic effects which maximize
near this hour. A moderate M 4.6 followed four hours later.
This epicenter is at the third node (120 degrees) from the Drake Passage and
at the sixth node from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from
those sources.
O: 23NOV2025 03:19:57 1.3N 128.5E MW=5.4 EMSC HALMAHERA, INDONESIA
O: 23NOV2025 07:36:20 1.2N 128.5E mb=4.6 EMSC HALMAHERA, INDONESIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in Eastern Greenland was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Eastern Greenland at Kulusuk Ammassalik.
The last earthquake within about 250 km of this epicenter in Greenland was
identified by NEIC as an event of M 4.8 on January 13, 1991. No earthquakes
of M>4.8 have occurred in this region in the past 35 years.
This epicenter is at 102 degrees from the major earthquake in Leyte, Philippines;
and at the sixth node from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy
from those sources.
O: 23NOV2025 03:03:26 65.8N 37.8W MB=4.8 EMSC EASTERN GREENLAND
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.1 in Costa Rica was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Costa Rica with III in Puerto Cortes, Pentarenas and Ipis, San Jose.
This epicenter is at 145 degrees from the eye of Tropical Cyalone Fina andthe fifth node from the Drake Passage as well as
at 145 degrees from recent major earthquake in the Central Philippines and
may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 22NOV2025 18:41:19 8.8N 84.1W MW=5.1 EMSC OFF COAST OF COSTA RICA
O: 22NOV2025 19:57:46 8.7N 84.2W ML=4.1 EMSC OFF COAST OF COSTA RICA
An aftershock of M 4.3 also shook areas of Bangladesh today. NEIC reported it
was felt with intensity IV in Bangladesh at Gazipur, Narsingdi, Kishorganj, Comilla, Bhaluka, Kabirhat, Dacca, Tungi, Narayanganj and Dhamari.
This epicenter is located at the seventh node from Tropical Cyclone fina and
at the sixth node (60 degrees) from Kamchatka and at the eighth node (45 degrees)
from Honshu, Japan and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 22NOV2025 12:06:05 23.9N 90.6E MW=4.3 EMSC BANGLADESH
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE FINA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC FINA 2025-11-23 00:00 UT 13.2S 129.3E 110 kts South of New Guinea
Tropical Cyclone Fina continued today in the region south of New Guinea with winds up to 110 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area south of Indonesia. The antipode is at 13N 51W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 22, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
7880 0100 0108 0110 C1.2 (November 22, 2025) 1.0E-03
7890 0110 0120 0130 C2.3 (November 22, 2025) 2.5E-03
Myanmar M 4.0 01:20 UT
Panama M 3.8 01:09 UT
7910 0227 0232 0234 C1.1 (November 22, 2025) 5.5E-04
7920 0438 0445 0449 C1.6 (November 22, 2025) 7.9E-04
7940 0542 0545 0547 C1.0 (November 22, 2025) 3.8E-04
7980 1014 1022 1025 C1.1 (November 22, 2025) 7.4E-04
Costa Rica M 4.5 10:29 UT
7990 1039 1045 1047 C1.3 (November 22, 2025) 5.0E-04
8000 1141 1146 1148 C4.8 (November 22, 2025) 9.9E-04
Mindanao M 4.4 11:57 UT
8030 1518 1523 1526 C1.6 (November 22, 2025) 6.0E-04
Southern Alaska M 5.0 15:38 UT
Mindanao M 4.4 15:17 UT
8040 1613 1619 1622 C1.5 (November 22, 2025) 6.7E-04
Iraq M 4.7 16:29 UT
Banda Sea M 4.6 16:30 UT
8050 1849 1900 1908 C6.3 (November 22, 2025) 4.5E-03
Costa Rica M 5.1 18:41 UT
Molucca Sea M 4.2 19:07 UT
8060 2209 2229 2249 C1.0 (November 22, 2025) 2.3E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: quiet November 23-25. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 6 4 3 16:00 3 74 119
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 22, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
Global seismicity remained at relatively quiet conditions today for the 12th
straight day. This is the longest quiet period in global seismicity of M>5.8 in at least five years. The largest events were of M 5.4-5.6 in Fiji, the Kuril Islands
and northern Honshu, Japan.
The strongest earthquake in the world today was a deep focus (519 km) event south of
the Fiji Islands. It was not reported felt in this remote area. The last earthquake
within about 200 km of this epicenter in Fiji with M>=5.6 was catalogued
on July 29, 2025 with M 6.6 and was likely triggered by the M 8.8 in
Kamchatka of the same date. Prior to that an M 6.6 hit the area on
April 28, 2023 (nearly all strong events in this area are at deep focus.
At the time this summary noted:
"A series of strong earthquakes occurred today near 600 km depth under the southern Fiji Islands today.
These included events of M 6.6, 6.0, 5.5, 5.5. They were not reported felt in
this remote area and no tsunami was expected nor observed with these events.
The M 6.6 is the strongest earthquake recorded within about 250 km of these
epicenters since a similar series about 100 km from today's occurred on November 9, 2022
and included events of M 7.0, 6.7, 6.8, 6.6 and 6.5. Today's event may be a
regional aftershock of those. An earthquake of M 6.7 also occurred on April 18, 2023
about 300 km northeastof today's epicenter in the Fiji Islands. Swarming of
this type is not typical in the area, these being the only such series in the
past 35 years. At the time of the swarm on November 9, 2022 this summary noted:
"Today's activity in Fiji was located at deep hyocentral Focus (600-650 km)
and was felt lightly on the surface. Because of the deep depth, no tsunami
was expected nor observed with today's events. The last earthquake with
M>=7.0 within about 300 km of today's epicenters was an M 7.7 about 300
km to the north of today's epicenter on August 19, 2002. An M 7.8 occurred
east of this at an intermediate epicenter on December 9, 2007. This is about 300 km from
today's epicenters." (November 9, 2022)
These may also be related to the eruption of Tonga-Tapu volcano in January, 2022.
That eruption triggered a mega-tsunami, the first such tsunami recorded
in modern history. That volcano is located about 500 km from today's epicenter
but has had a major effect on regional seismicity since its eruption.
Today's activity may be related to the current strong geomagnetic storm
which has been ongoing for nearly a week. These epicenter lie near the
geomagnetic equator." (April 29, 2023)
Today's mainshock of M 5.6 occurred within minutes of local solar midnight
and may have been promoted by tidal and/or geomagnetic stresses which maximize
near this hour.
This epicenter is at the fifth node (72 degrees) from northern Honshu, Japan
and at the sixth node from the major event in Mindanao, Philippines (60 degree)
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 22NOV2025 06:27:07 23.4S 179.8W MB=4.6 EMSC SOUTH OF FIJI ISLANDS
O: 21NOV2025 12:37:59 24.3S 180.0E Mw=5.6 EMSC SOUTH OF FIJI ISLANDS
A moderate M 5.5 aftershock also occurred off northeastern Honshu Japan today
about 16 minutes prior to the M 5.6 in Fiji (see above). A series of seismic
phases take sixteen minutes to traverse the distance (72 degrees - node 5)
between northern Japan and the Fiji Islands and may have helped trigger the subsequent earth
in the Fiji Islands. The most like was the PcS and/or PPP reflected seismic
waves which arrived at the Japanese epicenter within seconds of that subsequent event. NEIC reported it
may have been felt with intensity up to III in the epicentral area but no specific
reports of felt activity were noted. This is the strongest aftershock in this
area of the M 6.8 of November 9 since an M 6.0 on November 10, 2025.
Today's epicenter is at the seventh node (52 degrees) from the current eye of Tropical Cyclone Fina
and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 21NOV2025 12:22:04 39.7N 143.4E MW=5.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPA
An M 5.6 was also felt in the southern Kamchatka/northern Kuril Islands today.
EMSC reported it was lightly in Russia at Vilyuchinsk.
This continues the aftershocks of the M 8.8 on July 29, 2025 which has seen
an extensive aftershock sequence for the past four months.
The last aftershock in the northern Kurils of M>=5.6 occurred on November 4. 2025 with M 5.7.
The last of M>=6 was an M 6.1 on October 9, 2025.
O: 21NOV2025 22:38:09 49.7N 158.5E MW=5.6 EMSC EAST OF KURIL ISLANDS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Costa Rica was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Costa Rica in San Isidro, San Jose.
This epicenter is at 144-145 degrees from the current position of Tropical Cyclone Fina
and from the major earthquakes in Central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 21NOV2025 19:47:02 9.1N 84.1W MB=4.5 EMSC COSTA RICA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.7 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in Bodfish and Caliente.
O: 21NOV2025 13:40:55 35.5N 118.5W ML=2.7 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
This epicenter is at 104 degrees from the earthquakes in the Central Philippines
and may have been promoted by enegy from those sources.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in Templeton and Atascadero with III and Paso Robles with II.
This is an aftershock of an M 4.1 of November 18, 2025 which was widely felt in the area.
At the time this summary noted (in part):
"NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.1 in Central California near Templeton was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California with IV in Templeton, Paso Robles, Atascadero, Morro Bay and III in Santa Margarita, King City, Oceano, San Jose, Grover Beach, San Luis Obispo, Cayucos, Cambria, Creston, Pismo Beach, San Simeon, Los Osos, San Miguel, with II in Lompoc, Hollister, Nipomo, Chino, Monterey, among others.
EMSC reported it was felt strongly in California at Atascadero, Paso Robles, Morro Bay, San Miguel, Santa Margarita, Arroyo Grande, Kerman, Goshen, Bakersfield, Merced, Alum Rock among
others. Some worried that it could be a precursor to a larger event in
central California. Such event could occur but is more likely to the north
in the San Francisco Bay area where a number of light earthquakes have
been occurring in recent days especially near local solar noon and midnight.
...
Today's earthquake is the strongest within about 75 km of this epicenter in
Central California since an M 4.4 on June 20, 2009.
...
"An earthquake of M 4.4 occurred southwest of Lake Nacimiento, California today
continuing an activation of southern California which we noted here yesterday.
This earthquake was felt felt with intensity IV in Templeton and Bradley; III at
Atascadero, Paso Robles, Santa Margarita, Santa Cruz, King City, Carmel Valley, San Miguel, San Ardo, Morro Bay,
Cayucos, Cambria, and with intensity II-III within about 100 km of the epicenter.
Lesser intensities were felt in Chico, San Jose, San Ramon, Stanford, Palo Alto,
Lockwood, Big Sur, Salinas, Shandon, Santa Maria, San Simeon, Pismo Beach,
Oceano, Nipomo, Lompoc, Guadalupe, Grover Beach, Creston, Buellton, Arroyo Grande,
San Luis Obispo, Los Osos, Bakersfield, Lemoore, Hanford, Coalinga, Ventura, and
within about 120 km of the epicenter. NEIC reported aftershocks of M 3.3 and 2.1
were felt with similar intensity within about 50 km of the epicenter. These
are probably aftershocks of the M 6.5 earthquake which hit the area of San
Simeon on December 22, 2003 killing two and injuring 47. There were no injuries
or damages reported with today's earthquake although press accounts indicated
residents still found memories of the 2003 event fresh. These anxieties resulted
in at least two people being hospitalized. Alarms went off and glass and pictures
swayed throughout the area. This is the strongest earthquake in this region
since a similar M 4.4 on Dec. 15, 2006. The last event of larger magnitude
was an M 4.5 on May 16, 2005. A smaller event of M 3.6 occurred in
Baja California and was felt with intensity II at Chula Vista, Lemon Grove, Lakeside and Santee,
California. An aftershock of M 3.0 was felt with intensity II at Chula Vista
and Arroyo Grande. Two light earthquakes of M 2.6 and 2.8 were later reported
in the western Los Angeles area. These were felt with maximum intensity III
at Camarillo and II in Hollywood, Malibu, Newbury Park, Westlake Village, Thousand
Oaks and Oak Park, CA." (June 20, 2009)
...
The epicenter is located at 103 degrees (node 7) from the recent major earthquakes
in the Drake Passage and the central Philippines and at the fifth node from the
M 6.9 in northern Honshu Japan and may have been promoted by energy from those
sources." (November 18, 2025)
O: 21NOV2025 09:18:26 35.6N 120.8W MD=2.8 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE FINA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC FINA 2025-11-22 00:00 UT 12.8S 129.7E 125 kts South of New Guinea
Tropical Cyclone Fina continued today in the region south of New Guinea with winds up to 125 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area south of Indonesia. The antipode is at 12N 51W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 21, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
7710 0037 0041 0047 C1.1 (November 21, 2025) 7.1E-04
Argentina M 4.6 00:42 UT
7720 0049 0055 0103 C1.1 (November 21, 2025) 1.0E-03
7740 0235 0245 0258 C1.1 (November 21, 2025) 1.5E-03
Coquimbo M 4.5 02:39 UT
7750 0258 0302 0306 C1.1 (November 21, 2025) 6.7E-04
Afghanistan M 4.1 03:08 UT
Kuril M 4.6 03:17 UT
7770 0419 0425 0430 C1.1 (November 21, 2025) 7.4E-04
Kuril M 4.2 03:21 UT
Bangladesh M 6.6 04:38 UT
7780 0518 0536 0556 C1.3 (November 21, 2025) 2.6E-03
7790 0755 0803 0811 C1.0 (November 21, 2025) 8.9E-04
7800 1156 1200 1204 C1.0 (November 21, 2025) 5.5E-04
Mayotte M 3.6 11:58 UT
Myanmar M 3.3 11:56 UT
Honshu M 5.5 12:22 UT
Fiji M 5.6 12:37 UT
7820 1321 1330 1333 C3.8 (November 21, 2025) 1.4E-03
7830 1745 1750 1753 C1.6 (November 21, 2025) 7.6E-04
Banda Seaz M 4.4 17:44 UT
7840 1947 1954 1957 C1.3 (November 21, 2025) 7.1E-04
Costa Rica M 4.5 19:47 UT
7850 2229 2237 2242 C2.1 (November 21, 2025) 1.2E-03
South of Alaska M 4.1 22:33 UT
East of Kuril Is. M 5.6 22:38 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: unsettled November 22 quiet November 23-24. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 8 9 5 18:00 3 75 121
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 21, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
An earthquake of M 5.5-5.7 occurred today in the area of Bangladesh. NEIC reported it was felt in the eastern states in India that border Bangladesh near the city of Narsingdi. Many residents fled their
homes during this event which occurred near local solar noon. Buildings shook and
temporary shelters collapsed during the earthquake according to Reuters. Initial casualties were
not reported for this event. NEIC reported it was felt with some damage and intensity
VI in Bangladesh at Narsingdi and Narayanganj; V in Dacca, Brahman, Tungi, Gazipur, Maimansingh, Dhamrai, Roypura, Gopalganj, among others. It is likely that this event was promoted by
EMSC reported moderate to strong shaking in most of Bangladesh as well as in India at Jalpaiguri, Bishnupur, Mushalpur, Koch Bihar, Santoshpur, Bankra, Baruipur, Kolkata, Bara Bazar, Guwaati, Kolkata, Circus Avenue, Haora, Dispur among others.
It was located about 30 kmk NNE of Dhaka, Bangladesh - a city of more than 10 million residents.
This is the strongest earthquake in Bangladesh within about 200 km of this
epicenter since an M 5.5 on December 2, 2023. The only earthquake of larger
magnitude in the past 25 years in this area occurred as an M 5.7 on January 3, 2017.
At the time this summary noted:
An earthquake of M 5.5-5.6 on the India-Bangladesh border was widely felt in the area.
NEIC reported it was felt with intensity up to VI reported in Ambassa and Belonia, Tripura, India.
and with intensity II-III in Bhutan and Bangladesh. Intensity V occurred within about 100
km of the epicenter and reported from Ranirbazar, Kailasahar, Brahman Bariya, Sonamura. Intensity
IV was reported felt within about 200 km of the epicenter and reported from Assam, India
at Silchar, North Guwahati, Dispur, Maimansingh, Bangladesh, Shillong, Meghalaya, India;
Dacca and Tungi, Bangladesh. Also felt in Tripura at Belonia, Agartala, Kamalpur, Khowai. Lesser
intensity II-III was felt in Bangladesh an Chattagam, Mirzapur, Dohar, Manikganj, Charfasson, Bogora, Jaipur Hat, and in India at Tura, Alipurduar, Beldanga, Bidhannagar, Calcutta, Shiliguri, Uttar Bagdogra, Ondal, Munger and Kataka, Orissa and in Thimphy, Bhutan.
The last earthquake of M>=5.6 within about 200 km of this epicenter occurred on
January 3, 2016, exactly a year ago with M 6.7. Earthquakes which repeat
on one-year anniversaries are statistically more common than expected but
the exact mechanism for this is in dispute." (January 3, 2017)
The strongest earthquake recorded in this area of Bangladesh occurred exactly 28 years ago
as an M 6.1 on November 21 (same date as today' event) in 1997 (note the reference
to yearly anniversaries in the quote from January 3, 2017).
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.5-5.8 in Bangladesh. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity up to VI in Ramganj, Bangladesh.
EMSC reported it was felt with moderate to strong intensity in Bangladesh at Chatkhil Upazila, Hajiganj, Comilla, Narayanganj, Gaurnadi, Barisal, Dhaka, Paltan, Azimpur, Tungi and as far as Kushtia and Jhenaidah and in India at Bishalgarh, Sonamura,
This is the strongest earthquake in Bangladesh within about 300 km of this epicenter
since an M 6.2 in Myanmar on November 25, 2021 but no events within 200 km
have been recorded in this area of Bangladesh in at least 35 years.
At the time of the M 6.2 in November 2021 this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.2 on the Myanmar-India border. NEIC reported it was felt with maximum intensity VIII in North Vanlaiphai, India; VII in Rangamali, Bangladesh and Champhal, Mizoram, India and VI in Lunglei and Serchhip, and V in Alzaei and Mamit, Mizoram, India and in Bangladesh at Ranguna and Bandarban with IV in Saiha, Mizorm, India.
The press reported light to moderate regional damage with this earthquake.
This is the strongest earthquake within about 250 km of this epicenter since an M 6.9
on April 13, 2015 and an M 6.8 on November 11, 2012. In the past 30 years similar earthquakes
also hit the region on June 15, 1992 and January 5, 1991." (November 26, 2021)
This event occurred as Tropical Cyclone Michaung formed and made landfall to the
south in Peninsular India. It is likely that stress transfer from that landfall
event helped to trigger today's event in Bangladesh. TC Michaung had been described
in this summary as:
"TC Michaung (08B) formed today in the area east of southern Peninsular India with winds up to 45 kts. It is expected to track to the north and may have helped trigger the earthquake in Bangladesh upon making landfall today." (December 1-2, 2023)
This epicenter in Bangladesh is located near the geomagnetic equator and, as
the earthquake occurred near local solar noon, it is likely it was promoted
by strong geomagnetic effects with the current geomagnetic storm and
by tidal stresses which maximize near this hour." (December 2, 2023)
Today's epicenter in Bangladesh is located at the sixth node from Kamchatka (60 degrees)
and at the eighth node from Honshu, Japan and was likely promoted by energy from
those sources.
O: 21NOV2025 04:38:26 23.9N 90.6E MW=5.5 EMSC BANGLADESH
The new moon tidal effects as the event occurred near local solar noon at a longitude
where tidal stresses were expected to be maximized with this new moon as summarized
in previous issues of this summary:
"The New Moon will arrive on November 20, 2025 at 06:47 UT. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are near 100 West while those at local solar noon are near 80 East. These include, in the west areas of Central U.S. including western Texas, and central and western Mexico and portions of the East Pacific Rise and in the east in China, Pakistan and India in central Asia, Sumatra including the Nicobar and Andaman and Myanmar areas and in the South Indian Ocean. These are the regions most likely to see tidal triggering at this time and during the next week. Other areas can also be promoted by tidal stresses. These are most likely to occur near local solar noon and midnight." (November 17-20, 2025)
The new moon arrived on November 20, 2025. Global seismicity remains at quiet levels however,
so major seismicity is not expected at this time. Maximum magnitudes with this
new moon will probably not exceed M 6.0.
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.7-5.8 near Seram, Indonesia
in the Banda Sea. This is the largest earthquake within about 200 km of this
epicenter in the Banda Sea since an M 5.8 on March 17, 2025. The last earthquake significantly larger
magnitude in the area was an M 6.5 on September 25, 2019. At the time this summary noted:
"A strong earthquake of M 6.5-6.6 hit the area of Seram, Indonesia north of the Banda Sea today. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity VII in Ambon, Maluku and V in Amahai, Indonesia.
The damage was largely limited to Ambon and Kairatu, Indonesia. Local sources reported the earthquake damaged some buildings but no tsunami was generated. Among
the damage was a bridge cracked and a University building damaged in Ambon, Indonesia.
No major injuries or deaths were immediately reported.
...
Today's Seram earthquake is the strongest within about 250 km of today's epicenter since an M 6.9
on December 9, 2015 and prior to that an M 6.7 on March 14, 2006. " (September 25, 2019)
Today's event occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted
by strong tidal stresses with the new moon as it occurred within minutes
of that alignment (see above).
NEIC reported it was likely felt with intensity up to IV in the epicentral area.
This epicenter is located at the fourth node (90 degrees) from the north geomagnetic
pole and at the sixth node (60 degrees) from the South Geomagnetic pole and
is at the eighth node (like the event in Bangladesh today) (45 degrees) from Honshu, Japan
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 20NOV2025 06:59:44 3.8S 128.3E MW=5.8 EMSC SERAM, INDONESIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.6 in South Island, New Zealand was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of South Island, New Zealand with III in Christchurch, Canterbury.
EMSC also reported light shaking in Christchurch, New Zealand.
GeoNet gave the following parameters for this earthquake:
O: 21NOV2025 06:50:52 43.9S 172.1E MS=4.0 GEONET Felt with moderate intensity in the area northeast of Arthur's Pass, South Island, New Zealand. 2507 reports of light to moderate intensity came from the area of southern North Island and Wellington and northern South Island, New Zealand with 1614 reporting weak, 847 light and 37 moderate shaking 7 with strong and 1 with severe and 1 with extreme shaking..
O: 21NOV2025 06:50:52 43.9S 172.1E ML=4.0 EMSC SOUTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.1 in Oklahoma was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Loco, Oklahoma with IV.
This event occurred near local solar midnight and may have been promoted by the new moon tidal stresses of November 20, 2025 (see above).
O: 21NOV2025 05:20:34 34.3N 97.5W ML=3.1 EMSC OKLAHOMA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.2 in Northern Hawaii was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Northern Hawaii with III in Hawi, Kamuela and II in Kailua Kona, Honokaa and Waikoloa.
O: 21NOV2025 01:43:45 19.9N 155.7W ML=3.2 EMSC ISLAND OF HAWAII, HAWAII
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.2 in northeastern Washington State was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of northeastern Washington State with III in Loomis and Oroville.
O: 21NOV2025 00:05:25 48.8N 119.5W ML=3.2 EMSC WASHINGTON
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California with III in Morro Bay, Paso Robles and Templeton and II in Atascadero.
This epicenter is located at the fifth node (72 degrees) from Honshu, Japan and at 103 degrees
from Central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those
sources.
O: 20NOV2025 22:27:24 35.6N 120.8W MD=2.2 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 20NOV2025 23:54:57 35.6N 120.8W MD=2.6 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
An event of M 3.2 also widely shook the San Francisco Bay area of California today . NEIC reported it was felt with intensityIII in San jose, San Ramon, Livermore, Danville, Oakland, Diablo, Walnut Creek, Milpitas and Pleasanton, California.
EMSC reported moderate intensity at San Ramon, Blackhawk, Dublin.
An M 2.3 in the San Francisco Bay area today also occurred within a couple of
minutes of local solar noon and was probably promoted by tidal stresses
with today's new moon. This earthquake was reported felt with intensity II
in Oakland, Daly City and San Francisco.
O: 20NOV2025 21:27:24 39.0N 122.5W MD=2.3 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 20NOV2025 20:09:21 37.7N 122.6W MD=2.3 EMSC OFFSHORE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 20NOV2025 15:27:55 37.8N 121.9W Mw=3.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 20NOV2025 12:56:29 37.4N 121.8W MD=2.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in Taiwan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Taiwan in Chiayi and Touliu, Yunlin.
O: 20NOV2025 19:43:56 23.6N 120.7E ML=4.3 EMSC TAIWAN
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Central Peru was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Peru with III in Lima and San Luis.
This epicenter is near 103 degrees from the north and south geomagnetic poles
and could have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 20NOV2025 13:18:38 11.5S 75.8W MB=4.5 EMSC CENTRAL PERU
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Central Turkey was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Turkey with II in Gaziantep.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Turkey at Talas, Hasanbeyli, Islahiye, Osmaniye, Kahramanmaras, Kilis, Sainbey, Aruz, Seyhan and in Aleppo, Syria among others.
O: 20NOV2025 09:09:10 37.1N 36.6E MB=4.6 EMSC CENTRAL TURKEY
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in SE Honshu, Japan was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of SE Honshu, Japan with quick shaking in Tokyo and Urayasu.
O: 21NOV2025 03:24:30 35.6N 139.9E ML=4.0 EMSC NEAR S. COAST OF HONSHU,
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Kuril Islands was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Kuril Islands in Shikotan, Russia.
O: 21NOV2025 03:17:08 44.0N 146.9E MB=4.6 EMSC KURIL ISLANDS
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Coquimbo, Chile was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Coquimbo, Chile in Coquimbo and Vicuna.
CSN reported the following parameters for this earthquake.
21-11-2025 02:39 30.71S 71.39W 49 4.4 III Coquimbo at Salamanca, Monte Patria, Ovalle, Andacollo, Combarbala, Rio Hurtado; II in Paiguano, Punitaqui, Illapel, Chile.
O: 21NOV2025 02:39:28 30.7S 71.5W MB=4.5 EMSC COQUIMBO, CHILE
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Afghanistan was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Afghanistan in Pakistan at Chitral, Upper Dir, Saidu Sharif, Bat Khela; in Kabul, Afghanistan and i Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
O: 20NOV2025 21:39:11 36.2N 71.3E MB=4.9 EMSC HINDU KUSH REGION, AFGHANISTAN
O: 20NOV2025 11:49:11 36.5N 71.2E mb=4.2 EMSC HINDU KUSH REGION, AFGHANISTAN
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE FINA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC FINA 2025-11-21 00:00 UT 10.8S 132.4E 80 kts South of New Guinea
Tropical Cyclone Fina continued today in the region south of New Guinea with winds up to 80 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area south of Indonesia. The antipode is at 10N 47W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 20, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
7550 0304 0314 0324 C1.0 (November 20, 2025) 1.4E-03
7640 0324 0335 0339 C1.1 (November 20, 2025) 1.2E-03
7630 0339 0357 0400 C1.4 (November 20, 2025) 2.1E-03
Costa Rica M 4.4 03:49 UT
Guatemala M 4.7, M 4.0 03:44 UT
7620 0400 0411 0419 C1.6 (November 20, 2025) 1.9E-03
Kuril M 4.7 04:17 UT
7580 0723 0732 0736 C1.3 (November 20, 2025) 9.2E-04
El Salvador M 4.6 07:26 UT
Nicaragua M 4.0 07:26 UT
7590 0754 0823 0908 C1.8 (November 20, 2025) 7.2E-03
Central Turkey M 4.6 09:09 UT
Kuril M 4.2 08:05 UT
7600 0921 0928 0934 C1.8 (November 20, 2025) 1.4E-03
7610 0959 1004 1009 C2.3 (November 20, 2025) 1.2E-03
Kamchatka M 4.5 10:09 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active November 21 unsettled November 22 quiet November 23. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 7 4 6 21:00 3 51 121
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 20, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The new moon will arrive today. Global seismicity remains at quiet levels however,
so major seismicity is not expected at this time. Maximum magnitudes with this
new moon will probably not exceed M 6.0. The expected seismic impact of this
alignment was noted in previous issues of this summary as:
"The New Moon will arrive on November 20, 2025 at 06:47 UT. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are near 100 West while those at local solar noon are near 80 East. These include, in the west areas of Central U.S. including western Texas, and central and western Mexico and portions of the East Pacific Rise and in the east in China, Pakistan and India in central Asia, Sumatra including the Nicobar and Andaman and Myanmar areas and in the South Indian Ocean. These are the regions most likely to see tidal triggering at this time and during the next week. Other areas can also be promoted by tidal stresses. These are most likely to occur near local solar noon and midnight." (November 19-21, 2025)
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Guam was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Guam at Yigo with III and in Tamuning with II intensity.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.4 in Costa Rica was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Costa Rica in Chiriqui, Panama at Cerro Punta, Boquete and Rio Sereno.
EMSC reported this earthquake with moderate shaking in Costa Rica at Golfito and Mague, Panama.
O: 19NOV2025 22:13:55 10.3N 86.3W ML=4.4 EMSC OFF COAST OF COSTA RICA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.8 in Central Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Alaska at Delta Junction.
O: 19NOV2025 15:57:19 63.4N 145.4W ML=3.8 EMSC CENTRAL ALASKA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in eastern Washington State was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of eastern Washington State with III in Tonasket.
O: 19NOV2025 12:56:50 48.8N 119.5W ML=2.8 EMSC WASHINGTON
NEIC reported earthquakes of M 4.6 and M 4.5 in Taiwan were felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Hualien, Taiwan.
O: 19NOV2025 12:38:56 24.1N 121.8E mb=4.5 EMSC TAIWAN
O: 19NOV2025 12:25:14 24.1N 121.8E MB=4.6 EMSC TAIWAN
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.3 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California near Templeton, Paso Robles, Atascadero, Cayucos and II in Cambria and Morro Bay.
Discussion on this and the M 4.1 mainshock yesterday appeared in the previous
issue of this summary in part as:
The last earthquake in the area of Templeton, California of M>=4.1
occurred on June 20, 2009. At the time this summary noted:
"An earthquake of M 4.4 occurred southwest of Lake Nacimiento, California today
continuing an activation of southern California which we noted here yesterday.
This earthquake was felt felt with intensity IV in Templeton and Bradley; III at
Atascadero, Paso Robles, Santa Margarita, Santa Cruz, King City, Carmel Valley, San Miguel, San Ardo, Morro Bay,
Cayucos, Cambria, and with intensity II-III within about 100 km of the epicenter.
Lesser intensities were felt in Chico, San Jose, San Ramon, Stanford, Palo Alto,
Lockwood, Big Sur, Salinas, Shandon, Santa Maria, San Simeon, Pismo Beach,
Oceano, Nipomo, Lompoc, Guadalupe, Grover Beach, Creston, Buellton, Arroyo Grande,
San Luis Obispo, Los Osos, Bakersfield, Lemoore, Hanford, Coalinga, Ventura, and
within about 120 km of the epicenter. NEIC reported aftershocks of M 3.3 and 2.1
were felt with similar intensity within about 50 km of the epicenter. These
are probably aftershocks of the M 6.5 earthquake which hit the area of San
Simeon on December 22, 2003 killing two and injuring 47. There were no injuries
or damages reported with today's earthquake although press accounts indicated
residents still found memories of the 2003 event fresh. These anxieties resulted
in at least two people being hospitalized. Alarms went off and glass and pictures
swayed throughout the area. This is the strongest earthquake in this region
since a similar M 4.4 on Dec. 15, 2006. The last event of larger magnitude
was an M 4.5 on May 16, 2005. A smaller event of M 3.6 occurred in
Baja California and was felt with intensity II at Chula Vista, Lemon Grove, Lakeside and Santee,
California. An aftershock of M 3.0 was felt with intensity II at Chula Vista
and Arroyo Grande. Two light earthquakes of M 2.6 and 2.8 were later reported
in the western Los Angeles area. These were felt with maximum intensity III
at Camarillo and II in Hollywood, Malibu, Newbury Park, Westlake Village, Thousand
Oaks and Oak Park, CA." (June 20, 2009)
Today's earthquake in Central California occurred near local solar noon and
may have been promoted by tidal stresses with the upcoming new moon of
November 20, 2025.
The epicenter is located at 103 degrees (node 7) from the recent major earthquakes
in the Drake Passage and the central Philippines and at the fifth node from the
M 6.9 in northern Honshu Japan and may have been promoted by energy from those
sources." (November 19, 2025)
O: 20NOV2025 02:56:15 35.6N 120.8W MD=2.3 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 20NOV2025 02:58:16 35.6N 120.8W MD=2.4 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 19NOV2025 09:00:12 35.6N 120.8W MD=3.3 NEIC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Oaxaca, Mexico was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Oaxaca, Mexico in Puerto Escondido with III and in Oaxaca with II shaking
O: 19NOV2025 08:13:12 16.7N 97.8W MB=4.5 EMSC OAXACA, MEXICO
EMSC reported a series of earthquakes of M 4.7-4.9 in Guatemala was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Guatemala with moderate shaking in Santa Tecla, El Salvador.
This may be related to the current eruption of Volcan de Fuego as noted in the
previous issue of this summary:
"Strong volcanic eruptions occurred today in Semeru. Indonesia where disruption in air traffic occurred, and at Volcan de Fuego,
Guatemala. The eruption in Guatemala was accompanied by ash and lava flows and
was accompanied by loud noises. Volcan de Fuego is one of the most active
volanoes in central America. This volcano is located at 103 degrees from the
strong earthquakes in northern Honshu, Japan and may have been promoted by
energy from that source." (November 19, 2025)
O: 19NOV2025 21:09:30 13.7N 90.4W ML=4.7 EMSC OFFSHORE GUATEMALA
O: 20NOV2025 03:44:35 13.8N 91.8W Mw=4.7 EMSC OFFSHORE GUATEMALA
O: 20NOV2025 03:44:36 14.0N 91.6W mb=4.9 EMSC OFFSHORE GUATEMALA
O: 19NOV2025 22:51:13 15.1N 92.9W ML=4.0 EMSC OFFSHORE CHIAPAS, MEXICO
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in Coquimbo, Chile was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Coquimbo, Chile in La Serena.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE FINA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC FINA 2025-11-20 00:00 UT 10.0S 133.3E 75 kts South of New Guinea
Tropical Cyclone Fina continued today in the region south of New Guinea with winds up to 75 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area south of Indonesia. The antipode is at 10N 47W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 19, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
7450 0929 0953 1012 C9.9 (November 19, 2025) 1.6E-02
7470 1503 1513 1519 C1.2 (November 19, 2025) 1.2E-03
Talaud, Indonesia M 4.0 15:13 UT
7510 2304 2314 2324 C1.0 (November 19, 2025) 1.1E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active November 20-21 unsettled November 22. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 3 0 2 20:00 1 60 123
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 19, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
It was another quiet day in global seismicity. The largest earthquake in the the
world today was an M 5.4 off the coast of Costa Rica. Other earthquakes of
M>=5 today occurred in the Mid-Indian Ridge (M 5.3), Venezuela (M 5.0 ) Bio-Bio, Chile (M 5.0);
and in the Honshu Japan aftershock zone (M 5.0). These global seismic quiet
conditions have now been in effect for 10 days during which the largest
event in the world reached magnitude M 5.7. Seismic quiet periods with no events greater than M 5.7
for at least 10 days occurred from June 28 through July 7, 2025 (9 days); February 14-23, 2024 (9 days);
and August 14-23, 2022 (9 days); June 11-20, 2022 (9 days). There have been
no extended quiet periods such as this in at least five years (the period examined).
The current quiescence generally began with the M 6.9 off the east coast of Honshu,
Japan on November 9, 2025 and an M 6.0 aftershock on November 10, 2025 of M 6.0.
Previoius long seismic quiescence periods ended with an M 6.7 in Snares Island, New Zealand (July 7, 2025);
Afghanistan (M 6.0 June 21, 2022); and an M 6.2 in Sumatra on August 23, 2022.
With the exception of the new moon on November 20, there is no further indication the current quiet period is about to end.
The New Moon will arrive on November 20, 2025 at 06:47 UT. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are near 100 West while those at local solar noon are near 80 East. These include, in the west areas of Central U.S. including western Texas, and central and western Mexico and portions of the East Pacific Rise and in the east in China, Pakistan and India in central Asia, Sumatra including the Nicobar and Andaman and Myanmar areas and in the South Indian Ocean. These are the regions most likely to see tidal triggering at this time and during the next week. Other areas can also be promoted by tidal stresses. These are most likely to occur near local solar noon and midnight.
The largest earthquake today was an M 5.4 in Costa Rica. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Costa Rica at San Rafael, San Jose; III in Palmares, San Isidro, Pejibaye and Alajuela and II in Ipis and Quepos.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Costa Rica at Daniel Flores and in Bajo Boquete and Jaramillo, Panama.
The last earthquake in Costa Rica within about 200 km of this epicenter with
equal or larger magnitude to M 5.4 occurred as an M 5.9 on October 22, 2025.
This earthquake occurred with the previous new moon. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.9 in the region of Costa Rica. NEIC reported it was widely with intensity V in Costa Rica at Cacayas, San Isidro, Colon, San Francisco, San Juan, San Jose, Quepos, Santo Domingo, Heredia, Esparta, Puntarenas, Juntas, Guanacaste, Limon, San Pedro, Ipsis and IV in Heredia, San Antonio, Cinco Esquinas, Tobosi, Paquera, Concepcion, Parrita, Escazu, San Antonio de Desamparados, San Rafael Arriba, San Rafael Abajo, Sabanilla, Guadalupe, San Juan, Mercedes, Cartago, Daniel Flored, Santa Ana, Cahuita, La Suiza, Grecia and many other commumities. It was reportedly felt as far as 400 km in Panama.
This earthquake occurred as Tropical Storm Melissa was gaining energy to the
east in the Caribbean and may have been promoted by energy associated with
this storm as noted in this summary:
"TS MELISSA 2025-10-22 00:00 UT 14.3N 74.6W 50 kts Caribbean Sea" (October 22, 2025)
It occurred near local solar midnight and may have been promoted by tidal
stresses with the new moon of October 21. The expected effects of this new
moon had been previous noted in this summary as:
"The new moon arrived on October 21, 2025 at 12:25 UT. Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time area near 10 West and those which are anti-solar (local solar noon) are near 170 East longitude. These include, in the west the areas of Iceland and western Europe and portions of the central mid-Atlantic near the equator and in the east areas of the New Zealand/Tonga/Fiji/Kermadec and Solomon, Santa Cruz, and Vanuatu Islands, Kamchatka and Northern Japan and the Kurils among others. These include areas where strong tidal effects and help promote strong to major earthquakes and such an event may be expected in the next week." (October 19-21, 2025)
The last earthquake in Costa Rica within about 200 km of this epicenter of M>=5.9
occurred as an M 6.0 on August 24, 2020." (October 22, 2025)
This epicenter is att 145 degrees (node 5) from the recent major earthquakes
in the Central Philippines and at the fifth node from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 18NOV2025 22:36:34 8.9N 84.1W MW=5.4 EMSC OFF COAST OF COSTA RICA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.1 in Central California near Templeton was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California with IV in Templeton, Paso Robles, Atascadero, Morro Bay and III in Santa Margarita, King City, Oceano, San Jose, Grover Beach, San Luis Obispo, Cayucos, Cambria, Creston, Pismo Beach, San Simeon, Los Osos, San Miguel, with II in Lompoc, Hollister, Nipomo, Chino, Monterey, among others.
EMSC reported it was felt strongly in California at Atascadero, Paso Robles, Morro Bay, San Miguel, Santa Margarita, Arroyo Grande, Kerman, Goshen, Bakersfield, Merced, Alum Rock among
others. Some worried that it could be a precursor to a larger event in
central California. Such event could occur but is more likely to the north
in the San Francisco Bay area where a number of light earthquakes have
been occurring in recent days especially near local solar noon and midnight.
Today's earthquake is the strongest within about 75 km of this epicenter in
Central California since an M 4.4 on June 20, 2009.
A series of light aftershocks suggests that a second moderate quake in the
area is possible in this series.
A strong earthquake of M 6.6 hit near today's epicenter on December 22, 2003.
At the time this summary noted:
"A strong earthquake of M 6.5 was recorded by the Northern California Seismic
Network (NCSN), the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN), the Advanced
National Seismic System (ANSS) and many other seismic networks today. This
earthquake and up to 400 aftershocks of M>2 are occurring in the region of
Central California and offshore Central California according to the National
Earthquake Information Service (NEIS). AP and CNN news reports indicate that
damage was extensive in the Paso Robles and San Simeon areas with at least
two deaths reported. Felt effects were centered south of San Francisco to
the Los Angeles area and were strongest (intensity VIII - damage strongly
...
felt - NEIS) in the westernmost Los Angeles Basin.
During the past two weeks however, (this summary) has published an advisory
for a felt event in California which was expected around Dec. 21. That
advisory is reproduced below.
...
Our advisory regarding a possible event at this time which was originally published on this
web site on Dec. 9 and republished this past weekend on Dec. 18 and 19 in this
summary follows.
...
this summary has some indicators which suggest
felt earthquakes may occur south of San Francisco around December 21
... and in the western Los Angeles basin during the week of Dec. 21-27 ..." (December 22, 2003)
The last earthquake in the area of Templeton, California of M>=4.1
occurred on June 20, 2009. At the time this summary noted:
"An earthquake of M 4.4 occurred southwest of Lake Nacimiento, California today
continuing an activation of southern California which we noted here yesterday.
This earthquake was felt felt with intensity IV in Templeton and Bradley; III at
Atascadero, Paso Robles, Santa Margarita, Santa Cruz, King City, Carmel Valley, San Miguel, San Ardo, Morro Bay,
Cayucos, Cambria, and with intensity II-III within about 100 km of the epicenter.
Lesser intensities were felt in Chico, San Jose, San Ramon, Stanford, Palo Alto,
Lockwood, Big Sur, Salinas, Shandon, Santa Maria, San Simeon, Pismo Beach,
Oceano, Nipomo, Lompoc, Guadalupe, Grover Beach, Creston, Buellton, Arroyo Grande,
San Luis Obispo, Los Osos, Bakersfield, Lemoore, Hanford, Coalinga, Ventura, and
within about 120 km of the epicenter. NEIC reported aftershocks of M 3.3 and 2.1
were felt with similar intensity within about 50 km of the epicenter. These
are probably aftershocks of the M 6.5 earthquake which hit the area of San
Simeon on December 22, 2003 killing two and injuring 47. There were no injuries
or damages reported with today's earthquake although press accounts indicated
residents still found memories of the 2003 event fresh. These anxieties resulted
in at least two people being hospitalized. Alarms went off and glass and pictures
swayed throughout the area. This is the strongest earthquake in this region
since a similar M 4.4 on Dec. 15, 2006. The last event of larger magnitude
was an M 4.5 on May 16, 2005. A smaller event of M 3.6 occurred in
Baja California and was felt with intensity II at Chula Vista, Lemon Grove, Lakeside and Santee,
California. An aftershock of M 3.0 was felt with intensity II at Chula Vista
and Arroyo Grande. Two light earthquakes of M 2.6 and 2.8 were later reported
in the western Los Angeles area. These were felt with maximum intensity III
at Camarillo and II in Hollywood, Malibu, Newbury Park, Westlake Village, Thousand
Oaks and Oak Park, CA." (June 20, 2009)
Today's earthquake in Central California occurred near local solar noon and
may have been promoted by tidal stresses with the upcoming new moon of
November 20, 2025.
The epicenter is located at 103 degrees (node 7) from the recent major earthquakes
in the Drake Passage and the central Philippines and at the fifth node from the
M 6.9 in northern Honshu Japan and may have been promoted by energy from those
sources.
O: 18NOV2025 17:54:30 35.6N 120.8W MW=4.1 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 18NOV2025 18:06:18 35.6N 120.8W MD=2.2 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 18NOV2025 18:09:47 35.6N 120.8W MD=2.3 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
An M 2.6 occurred today in the San Francisco Bay area of California - an aftershock
of an M 3.3 there yesterday. In the previous issue of this summary it had been noted as:
"NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.3 in the San Francisco Bay area, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the San Francisco Bay area, California was widely felt with intensity IV in California at Hayward, III in San Ramon, Diablo, Oakland, Dublin, Livermore, Danville, Vallejo, San Jose, Pleasanton, Walnut Creek, Castro Valley and II in Alameda, Union City, Oakland, San Francisco, Emeryville, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Moraga, Campbell, Lafayette, Pinole, Milpitas, Alamo among others.
This earthquake follows a near-midnight (local solar time) pattern discussed
in previous issues of this summary as:
"It is of some interest that the X1.7 flare which appears to have triggered the
M 6.8 in Northern Honshu, Japan occurred while the area of San Francisco
and the western U.S. was near local solar midnight. This summary has
argued on several recent previous occasions that such a flare could trigger
a moderate earthquake in that area. Readers should be aware of this possibility" (November 10, 2025)
It is of some interest that the strongest aftershock of the M 3.3 in San
Francisco - of M 2.6 - occurred within several minutes of local solar midnight.
This earthquake was felt with intensity III in Castro Valley,Dublin and II in Todeo, San Ramon, Danville, San Francisco and Livermore." (November 18, 2025)
O: 18NOV2025 06:47:34 37.8N 122.0W ML=3.3 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 18NOV2025 06:47:34 37.8N 122.0W ML=3.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 18NOV2025 08:08:02 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.6 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.7 in Northern Kansas was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Northern Kansas with IV in Dorrance, III in Luray, Wilson and II in Wichita.
This epicenter is located at 103 degrees from the Drake Passage and may have
been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 19NOV2025 05:44:44 38.9N 98.5W ML=2.7 EMSC KANSAS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in the aftershock zone of northern Honshu, Japan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the aftershock zone of northern Honshu, Japan with II in Obihiro, Hokkaido.
O: 19NOV2025 02:23:18 39.2N 143.5E MB=5.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.0 in the San Francisco Bay, California area was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the San Francisco Bay, California area with intensity III in San Jose, Milpitas, and II in Mount Hamilton.
O: 19NOV2025 01:48:36 37.3N 121.7W MD=2.9 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 19NOV2025 01:48:36 37.3N 121.7W MD=3.0 NEIC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 in Venezuela was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Venezuela in Mucurapo Diego Martin Trinidad and Tobago.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Trinidad and Tobago at Petit Valley.
O: 19NOV2025 01:38:51 10.8N 62.7W MW=5.0 EMSC OFFSHORE SUCRE, VENEZUELA
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in Central Philippines was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Consolacion, Basak, Mandaue, Philippines.
Strong volcanic eruptions occurred today in Indonesia, and at Volcan de Fuego,
Guatemala. The eruption in Guatemala was accompanied by ash and lava flows and
was accompanied by loud noises. Volcan de Fuego is one of the most active
volcanoes in central America. Volcan de Fuego is at 103 degrees from northern Honshu, Japan and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE FINA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC FINA 2025-11-19 00:00 UT 9.5S 133.2E 80 kts South of New Guinea
Tropical Cyclone Fina formed today in the region south of New Guinea with winds up to 80 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area. The antipode is at 10N 47W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 18, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
7260 0020 0044 0138 C1.5 (November 18, 2025) 6.4E-03
Santa Cruz Is. M 4.6 00:20 UT
Kermadec Is. M 4.9 00:55 UT
7270 0138 0141 0144 C1.3 (November 18, 2025) 6.1E-04
7280 0212 0220 0225 C1.3 (November 18, 2025) 1.1E-03
Myanmar M 4.0 02:12 UT
7290 0306 0325 0334 C2.2 (November 18, 2025) 3.0E-03
7300 0404 0409 0413 C1.2 (November 18, 2025) 5.8E-04
Xizang M 4.2 04:15 UT
7320 0530 0535 0538 C1.5 (November 18, 2025) 6.0E-04
7350 1027 1033 1038 C1.5 (November 18, 2025) 9.2E-04
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active November 19-21. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 5 4 4 07:00 3 66 120
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 18, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
It was another quiet day in global seismicity. The largest earthquake in the
world today was an M 5.3 in Nicaragua, but several events of M 5.0-5.1 also occurred
suggesting that the strong quiet period in global seismicity which began
10 days ago after the strong quakes off northeastern Honshu, Japan. This
quiet has accompanied the strongest geomagnetic storm in more than a year
and is probably related to the disturbance in the geomagnetic field
associated with that storm.
The New Moon will arrive on November 20, 2025 at 06:47 UT. Longitudes which are at local solar midnight at this time are near 100 West while those at local solar noon are near 80 East. These include, in the west areas of Central U.S. including western Texas, and central and western Mexico and portions of the East Pacific Rise and in the east in China, Pakistan and India in central Asia, Sumatra including the Nicobar and Andaman and Myanmar areas and in the South Indian Ocean. These are the regions most likely to see tidal triggering at this time and during the next week. Other areas can also be promoted by tidal stresses. These are most likely to occur near local solar noon and midnight.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.3 in the San Francisco Bay area, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the San Francisco Bay area, California was widely felt with intensity IV in California at Hayward, III in San Ramon, Diablo, Oakland, Dublin, Livermore, Danville, Vallejo, San Jose, Pleasanton, Walnut Creek, Castro Valley and II in Alameda, Union City, Oakland, San Francisco, Emeryville, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Moraga, Campbell, Lafayette, Pinole, Milpitas, Alamo among others.
This earthquake follows a near-midnight (local solar time) pattern discussed
in previous issues of this summary as:
"It is of some interest that the X1.7 flare which appears to have triggered the
M 6.8 in Northern Honshu, Japan occurred while the area of San Francisco
and the western U.S. was near local solar midnight. This summary has
argued on several recent previous occasions that such a flare could trigger
a moderate earthquake in that area. Readers should be aware of this possibility" (November 10, 2025)
It is of some interest that the strongest aftershock of the M 3.3 in San
Francisco - of M 2.6 - occurred within several minutes of local solar midnight.
This earthquake was felt with intensity III in Castro Valley,Dublin and II in Todeo, San Ramon, Danville, San Francisco and Livermore.
O: 18NOV2025 06:47:34 37.8N 122.0W ML=3.3 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 18NOV2025 06:47:34 37.8N 122.0W ML=3.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 18NOV2025 08:08:02 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.6 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in the Alaska Peninsula was nor reported felt
This is the strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today.
O: 18NOV2025 07:08:28 54.6N 160.1W MB=4.5 EMSC ALASKA PENINSULA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.7 in Wyoming was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Wyoning with possible intensity up to IV in Little America, Wyoming.
O: 17NOV2025 23:39:39 41.6N 109.9W ML=3.5 EMSC WYOMING
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in the Aegean Sea was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Aegean Sea in Attiki, Greece with III in Zografos, Nea Smirni, Drapetsona and II in Kipseli.
O: 17NOV2025 21:04:10 39.0N 24.2E MW=4.5 EMSC AEGEAN SEA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.2 in northern Honshu, Japan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of northern Honshu, Japan at Kitakami, Iwate.
O: 17NOV2025 19:06:34 39.8N 143.1E MW=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPA
O: 18NOV2025 02:05:52 39.3N 142.4E ML=4.3 EMSC NEAR EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.3 in Nicaragua was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Nicaragua with IV in Villa El Carmen, Managua and Santa Cruz Guanacasta, Costa Rica. It was felw felt in Nicaragua with intensity III in Leon, Managua, San Juan del Sur RivasDiriamba, Tipitapa and San Juna de Oriente Masaya and in Samara, Costa Rica and Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
EMSC reported this earthquake of M 5.3 in Nicaragua was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Costa Rica with moderate shaking in Bajo Boquete, Panama.
This epicenter is located at the fifth node (145 degrees) from the central Philippines and 72 degrees (node 5)
from the Drake Passage and at the third node from the South Geomagnetic Pole and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 17NOV2025 17:23:03 12.1N 86.6W MW=5.3 EMSC NICARAGUA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.4 in Baja California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Baja California, Mexico at Puebla.
O: 17NOV2025 10:16:45 32.3N 115.2W ML=3.3 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 17NOV2025 10:16:45 32.3N 115.2W ML=3.4 NEIC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 17NOV2025 10:57:19 31.5N 115.6W ML=3.3 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in Greece was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Greece with a loud noise in Lefkada, Karya, Nikiana, Preveza, Nidhrion, Mytikas Agrinio.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE FINA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC FINA 2025-11-18 00:00 UT 9.8S 131.8E 55 kts South of New Guinea
Tropical Cyclone Fina formed today in the region south of New Guinea with winds up to 55 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks through this active seismic area. The antipode is at 10N 49W - is in the North Atlantic near the northern mid-Atlantic ridge where some seismic enhancement is possible at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 17, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
7000 0123 0130 0135 C7.5 (November 17, 2025) 3.2E-03
Aegean Sea M 1.5 01:23 UT
Southern California M 2.1 01:25 UT
7010 0217 0222 0226 C2.0 (November 17, 2025) 1.0E-03
7020 0419 0427 0430 C1.3 (November 17, 2025) 7.6E-04
El Salvador M 4.2 04:22 UT
7060 0608 0611 0616 C1.5 (November 17, 2025) 7.5E-04
Central California M 2.6 06:13 UT
7070 0641 0648 0653 C1.6 (November 17, 2025) 1.0E-03
7090 0800 0809 0812 C1.7 (November 17, 2025) 8.7E-04
Fiji M 4.2 08:08 UT
Virgin Is. M 3.4 08:00 UT
7120 1035 1041 1046 C1.2 (November 17, 2025) 7.9E-04
7130 1312 1322 1341 C2.1 (November 17, 2025) 3.4E-03
7220 1431 1606 1703 C6.1 (November 17, 2025) 3.5E-02
7170 1649 1654 1658 C5.4 (November 17, 2025) 3.1E-03
Venezuela M 3.9 16:47 UT
7230 2027 2034 2041 C1.2 (November 17, 2025) 9.9E-04
Aegean Sea M 4.5 21:04 UT
7250 2309 2313 2318 C1.6 (November 17, 2025) 8.3E-04
Ecuador M 4.2 23:13 UT
Wyoming M 3.6 23:39 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active November 18 quiet November 19-20. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 11 8 9 07:00 3 45 122
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 17, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
It was another quiet day in global seismicity. The largest earthquake in the
world today was an M 5.3, but several events of M 5.0-5.1 also occurred
suggesting that the strong quiet period in global seismicity which began
10 days ago after the strong quakes off northeastern Honshu, Japan. This
quiet has accompanied the strongest geomagnetic storm in more than a year
and is probably related to the disturbance in the geomagnetic field
associated with that storm. The strongest solar flare today occurred within
minutes of 08:00 UT (M3.1 #6910) when the longitudes near 120W area at local solar midnight
and those at local solar noon are near 60 East longitude. The timing of this
solar flare exactly matches an X4.0 solar flare on November 14, 2025 (#6400 X4.0) and
a series on November 11, 2025 which included the strongest solar flare in
more than a year (X5.1) and appears to set the current seismic quiet in
strong motion. All of these have occurred within an hour of 08:00 UT.
This repetition of solar flares with recurrence around 1 day is unusual and
may be coincidental. The third strongest flare of November 17 also occurred
in this time period but was considerably smaller than the X- and M-class
flares that preceded it near 08:00 UT. Other explanations need more data and unconvoluted
explanations.
Following are the parameters from SWPC for these flares:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6910 0749 0817 0832 M3.1 (November 16, 2025) 4.1E-02
Oaxaca M 4.1 08:37 UT M 4.0 08:45 UT
6400 0733 0830 0944 X4.0 (November 14, 2025) 3.7E-01 *
Guadeloupe M 4.5 07:49 UT
Myanmar M 3.4 07:38 UT
Sea of Japan M 4.4 07:57 UT
San Francisco M 2.3 08:10 UT
Mammoth Lakes M 2.6 08:46 UT
Chiapas M 4.0 09:03 UT
5430 0732 0741 0747 C4.8 (November 11, 2025) 3.2E-03
Southern Peru M 4.8 07:45 UT
5440 0802 0809 0813 M1.4 (November 11, 2025) 5.7E-03
5450 0833 0838 0843 C6.8 (November 11, 2025) 3.2E-03
5520 0949 1001 1251 X5.1 (November 11, 2025) 3.9E-01
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.5-3.8 in Denali National Park, Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Denali National Park, Alaska at Healy and Cantwell and II in Anchorage.
This epicenter is at the eighth node (45 degrees) from the M 6.9 in northern
Honshu, Japan and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 17NOV2025 06:57:40 63.7N 149.2W ML=3.8 EMSC CENTRAL ALASKA
O: 17NOV2025 06:57:40 63.7N 149.2W ML=3.5 NEIC CENTRAL ALASKA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.7 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in Hollister.
This epicenter is at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the M 6.9 in northern
Honshu, Japan and at 103 degrees from Central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 17NOV2025 06:13:40 36.7N 121.3W MD=2.7 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in El Salvador was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of El Salvador in Santiago de Maria, Usulutan.
This epicenter is at the third node from the South Geomagnetic Pole and at the fourth
node from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 17NOV2025 04:22:30 13.0N 88.8W MB=4.2 EMSC OFFSHORE EL SALVADOR
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in Rat Islands, Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Rat Islands, Alaska.
This was the largest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today.
This epicenter is at the third node from the South Geomagnetic Pole; the 10th
node from the North Geomagnetic Pole (36 degrees) and the sixth node (60 degrees)
from recent strong to major earthquakes in the Central Philippines and may
have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 16NOV2025 21:01:14 51.8N 178.7E ML=4.3 EMSC RAT ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in Dominican Repubic was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Dominican Repubic with IV in Luperon, Puerto Plata and II in Pedro Garcia, Santiago.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Sosua, Dominican Republic.
This epicenter is located at the fifth node (72 degree) from the North Geomagnetic
pole and at the fifth node (145 degrees) from recent major earthquakes in the Central Philippines
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 16NOV2025 19:59:38 19.9N 71.0W MB=4.2 EMSC DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in Guam was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Guam at Tamuning.
This epicenter is at the fifth node (72 degrees) fro the North Geomagnetic Pole
and may have been promoted by energy from that source and the recent geomagnetic
storms.
O: 16NOV2025 10:07:01 12.8N 143.2E MB=4.8 EMSC GUAM REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.1-4.2 in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the northern Gulf of California, Mexico.
O: 17NOV2025 04:14:51 31.5N 114.4W ML=3.5 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 16NOV2025 20:25:30 31.6N 114.6W ML=3.6 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 16NOV2025 20:46:31 31.6N 114.6W ML=3.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 16NOV2025 21:16:18 31.6N 114.6W ML=3.5 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 16NOV2025 20:34:06 31.7N 114.7W ML=3.4 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 16NOV2025 22:06:20 31.7N 114.8W ML=3.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 16NOV2025 22:27:43 31.7N 114.6W ML=3.1 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
P: 13NOV2025 177097 30.2N 114.1W 2.0-4.1 BAAAA SW U.S.A
The strongest earthquakes of the day occurred in the East Pacific Rise southwest
of the Galapagos (M 5.0) and north of this in the Revilla Gigedo Islands of
Mexico (M 5.2). These were not reported felt in these epicentral areas.
The last earthquake of M>=5.2 within about 200 km of today's M 5.2 was
recorded as an M 5.9 and M 5.4 on May 28, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"Two moderately strong earthquake occurred today with M 5.8 and 5.9 in the Revillo Gigedo Islands of western Mexico. These events were at 19 North latitude and are likely related to strong tidal stresses with the new moon a this sub-solar position.
These were the strongest earthquakes in the world today. A foreshock of M 4.2 occurred early on May 27.
NEIC reported the largest of these were felt with likely intensity IV in the
epicentral area off the west coast of Mexico. The first (M 5.8) occurred
when this epicenter was near local solar noon and was near sub-solar at the time." (May 28, 2025)
Like the M 5.8 on May 27, 2025 today's event occurred with in 15 minutes of
22:00 UT and may have been promoted by tidal and/or geomagnetic stresses
which maximize near this hour. This epicenter is located at the third node
(120 degrees) from the south Geomagnetic pole and central Philipines; at the fifth node (72 degrees)
from the North Geomagnetic pole and Kamchatka (72 degrees) an the fourth node
(90 degrees) from the Drake Passage and Northern Honshu, Japan and may have been
promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 16NOV2025 21:44:11 19.6N 108.9W MW=5.2 EMSC REVILLA GIGEDO ISLANDS REGION
The earthquake of M 5.0 in the Central East Pacific Rise was the largest
recorded within about 200 km of this epicenter since an M 5.8 on February 18, 2021 and
prior to that an M 5.5 on November 26, 2012. At the time this summary noted:
"The second strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.8 in the Central East Pacific Rise. It was not felt in this remote area.
This is the strongest earthquake within about 300 km of this epicenter since
an M 5.8 on June 23, 2011. The last, and only event in the region of larger
magnitude in the past 30 years was an M 6.0 on October 30, 2008. Today's
event occurred within about 15 minutes of local solar noon and may have been
promoted by high tidal stresses which maximize near this hour." (February 18, 2021)
This epicenter is located at 103 degrees from the North Geomagnetic Pole and
Kamchatka and at the fourth node from the South Geomagnetic Poile and the
sixth node (60 degrees) from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by energy
from those sources.
O: 17NOV2025 00:46:17 11.0S 106.4W MB=5.0 EMSC CENTRAL EAST PACIFIC RISE
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in Western Turkey was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Western Turkey in Sindirgi, Bigadic, Balikesir, Gorukle, Izmir, Beylikduzu, Buyukcekmece, Corlu and Taraki, Sakarya.
O: 17NOV2025 00:32:48 39.2N 28.2E ML=4.0 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Costa Rica was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Costa Rica with moderate shaking in Bajo Boquete, Panama.
This epicenter is located at the fifth node (145 degrees) from the central Philippines and 72 degrees (node 5)
from the Drake Passage and at the third node from the South Geomagnetic Pole and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 16NOV2025 11:51:58 8.9N 83.1W MB=4.5 EMSC COSTA RICA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 16, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6820 0007 0020 0032 C2.9 (November 16, 2025) 4.0E-03
6830 0032 0107 0123 C7.2 (November 16, 2025) 1.6E-02
Central Peru M 4.0 00:31 UT
6860 0240 0245 0250 C3.6 (November 16, 2025) 2.0E-03
Kamchatka M 4.8 02:57 UT
Sumbawa M 4.0 02:59 UT
6870 0350 0358 0403 C1.4 (November 16, 2025) 1.1E-03
New Zealand M 3.5 03:53 UT
6880 0409 0417 0422 C1.5 (November 16, 2025) 1.1E-03
Java M 4.0 04:17 UT
6890 0436 0447 0452 C2.1 (November 16, 2025) 1.7E-03
6900 0506 0512 0517 C1.4 (November 16, 2025) 9.7E-04
6910 0749 0817 0832 M3.1 (November 16, 2025) 4.1E-02
Oaxaca M 4.1 08:37 UT M 4.0 08:45 UT
6930 1508 1525 1537 C2.8 (November 16, 2025) 3.7E-03
North Island, N.Z. M 3.7 15:09 UT M 3.9 15:16 UT
Fiji M 4.5 15:43 UT
6940 1624 1637 1640 C3.7 (November 16, 2025) 3.3E-03
Kuril Is. M 4.5 16:23 UT
Kamchatka M 4.2 16:26 UT
Alaska Peninsula M 3.8 16:31 UT
New Guinea M 4.9 16:38 UT
6970 1640 1646 1651 C4.0 (November 16, 2025) 3.0E-03
New Guinea M 4.9 16:38 UT
6960 1852 1905 1913 C3.9 (November 16, 2025) 3.9E-03
6980 1940 1947 2004 C4.4 (November 16, 2025) 5.2E-03
Kashmir M 4.5 19:56 UT
Dominican Republic M 4.2 19:59 UT
Kuril Is. M 4.3 20:00 UT
6990 2136 2151 2214 C3.8 (November 16, 2025) 7.7E-03
Tonga M 5.0 21:39 UT
Revilla Gigedo Is. M 5.2 21:44 UT
Gulf of California M 3.2 22:06 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 17 active November 18 unsettled November 19. Solar M-flare chance: 55% X-class: 15% proton storm: 10%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 18 25 13 08:00 6 66 132
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 16, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
It was a particularly quiet day today in global seismicity - perhaps to finish
off the quiet period that coincided with the recent major geomagnetic storms.
The largest earthquake of the day was an M 5.0 in the South Sandwich
Islands, the only event of M>=5 during the past 24 hours. This quiet is
expected to be overcome by seismic strain resulting in a strong earthquake
in the next several days.
The M 5.0 in the South Sandwich Islands is at the sixth node (60 degrees) from the South Geomagnetic Pole and
at 144 degrees from the resting eye of Typhoon Fung-Wong as well as being nearly
antipodal to the major activity in Kamchatka and may have been promoted by
energy associated with those sources.
O: 16NOV2025 00:00:13 55.4S 27.5W ML=5.0 EMSC SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS REGION
Sakurajima Volcano erupted today in southwestern Japan. This occurred as the remnants
of Typhoon Fung-Wong were passing through the area. This is a strong eruption.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.5 in San Francisco, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of San Francisco, California with III in San Ramon.
Like many recent earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay area this was closely
associated with a solar flare. It occurred towards the end of the strongest
solar flare of the day - a C8.7 (#6760). This triggering is likely to
be happening because stress is building to a breaking point in this area.
SWPC reported the following parameters for this flare:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6760 2242 2251 2255 C8.7 (November 15, 2025) 3.7E-03
San Francisco Bay, M 2.5 22:56 UT
O: 15NOV2025 22:56:54 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.5 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 3.6-4.1 in Ontario, Canada.
NEIC reported it was likely felt near Moosonee, Canada with intensity up to IV.
The only earthquake in the past 35 years of M>=4.1 within about 250 km of this
epicenter in Ontario occurred as an M 4.2 on May 2, 2012. At the time this
summary noted:
"An earthquake early on May 2 in Ontario of M 3.9 was reported by NEIC to have
been felt with intensity III in Moose Factory, Ontario. This is the strongest
earthquake within 500 of this epicenter since an M 4.2 on December 7, 2006 about
300 km to the south. No other events of M>3.9 have hit this region in the
past 22 years." (May 2, 2012)
This epicenter is at 103 degrees from the dissipation point of Typhoon Fung-Wong and may have been
promoted by energy from that source.
O: 15NOV2025 09:58:36 51.6N 80.4W ML=3.6 EMSC ONTARIO, CANADA
O: 15NOV2025 09:58:36 51.6N 80.4W ML=4.1 NEIC ONTARIO, CANADA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Washington State was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Washington State with II in Tonasket.
O: 15NOV2025 09:36:41 48.8N 119.5W ML=2.8 EMSC WASHINGTON
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Coquimbo, Chile was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Coquimbo, Chile in Coquimbo and Vina del Mar.
This earthquake occurred within minutes of local solar noon and was possibly
promoted by tidal and/or geomagnetic stress which maximize near this hour.
O: 15NOV2025 16:45:07 30.6S 72.0W MW=4.6 EMSC OFFSHORE COQUIMBO, CHILE
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in Bali, Indonesia was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Bali, Indonesia in Pondokkaha, Bualu, Sanur and Banjar Medura.
O: 15NOV2025 13:33:34 9.4S 115.6E ML=4.0 EMSC SOUTH OF BALI, INDONESIA
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in Central Philippines was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Central Philippines with a strong short shaking at Maricabn, Consolacion, Apas, Talisay, and San Fernando, Cebu.
This epicenter is near the fifth node (52 degrees) from the north and South Geomagnetic Pole
and at the seventh node from Kamchatka and was likely promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 15NOV2025 07:38:39 11.3N 123.9E MB=4.9 EMSC VISAYAN SEA, PHILIPPINES
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in Western Turkey was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Western Turkey in Gordes, Demirci, Akhisar, Soma, Balikesir, Kula, Usak, Gorukle, Nilufer, among others.
This epicenter is at the fourth node (90 degrees) from central Philippine and at the
seventh node from the North Geomagnetic Pole and was probably promoted by
energy from those sources.
O: 15NOV2025 08:08:27 39.2N 28.3E ML=4.0 NEIC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 15NOV2025 08:46:18 39.2N 28.3E ML=4.4 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 15, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6630 0131 0137 0140 C2.0 (November 15, 2025) 1.0E-03
6640 0241 0249 0252 C4.7 (November 15, 2025) 2.2E-03
Mongolia M 4.0 02:39 UT
Kermadec M 4.5 02:58 UT
6660 0524 0528 0531 C6.2 (November 15, 2025) 2.5E-03
Talaud M 5.4 05:33 UT
6680 1252 1257 1303 C2.1 (November 15, 2025) 1.5E-03
Honshu M 4.1 13:03 UT
6690 1315 1321 1324 C2.2 (November 15, 2025) 1.1E-03
Kuril Is. M 4.5 13:32 UT
Bali M 4.0 13:34 UT
6700 1410 1424 1429 C2.2 (November 15, 2025) 2.2E-03
6710 1509 1517 1526 C1.6 (November 15, 2025) 1.7E-03
6720 1715 1721 1725 C1.8 (November 15, 2025) 1.1E-03
6730 1857 1902 1904 C1.7 (November 15, 2025) 7.7E-04
6740 2020 2038 2050 C2.4 (November 15, 2025) 4.3E-03
Revilla Gigedo Is. M 4.2 20:27 UT
6750 2050 2114 2128 C3.5 (November 15, 2025) 6.9E-03
6760 2242 2251 2255 C8.7 (November 15, 2025) 3.7E-03
San Francisco Bay, M 2.5 22:56 UT
Winward Is. M 4.4 23:05 UT
6770 2306 2309 2312 C3.7 (November 15, 2025) 1.4E-03
6800 2324 2329 2334 C2.8 (November 15, 2025) 1.5E-03
Central California M 2.2 23:30 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 16-17 active November 18. Solar M-flare chance: 60% X-class: 20% proton storm: 15%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 9 12 7 08:00 4 97 132
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 15, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
Global seismicity remained quiet today with the strongest earthquake of the
day an M 5.7 in Tonga. Even an X4.0 solar flare mid-day did not ruffle the
feathers of today's seismicity. This quiet period is probably due to the
very strong geomagnetic storm of the past several days and is likely to
see a return to active conditions in the next two days. Parameters
for today's X4.0 solar flare from SWPC follow:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6400 0733 0830 0944 X4.0 (November 14, 2025) 3.7E-01 *
Guadeloupe M 4.5 07:49 UT
Myanmar M 3.4 07:38 UT
Sea of Japan M 4.4 07:57 UT
San Francisco M 2.3 08:10 UT
Mammoth Lakes M 2.6 08:46 UT
Chiapas M 4.0 09:03 UT
Near the peak of this flare and at local solar midnight in San Francisco, California,
an M 2.3 earthquake was recorded. This earthquake was reported by NEIC to have
been felt with intensity III in Fremont and II in Newark, Mountain View, Hayward and Danville, California
east of San Francisco Bay. It was probably triggered by SFE from the X4.0 solar
flare which was nearing maximum output when the quake occurred within minutes
of local solar midnight.
O: 14NOV2025 08:10:03 37.6N 122.0W MD=2.3 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 13, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6350 0226 0232 0236 C1.5 (November 14, 2025) 9.2E-04
Honshu M 3.9 02:26 UT
6360 0347 0351 0353 C1.4 (November 14, 2025) 6.7E-04
6400 0733 0830 0944 X4.0 (November 14, 2025) 3.7E-01 *
Guadeloupe M 4.5 07:49 UT
Myanmar M 3.4 07:38 UT
Sea of Japan M 4.4 07:57 UT
San Francisco M 2.3 08:10 UT
Mammoth Lakes M 2.6 08:46 UT
Chiapas M 4.0 09:03 UT
6480 1458 1503 1507 C3.0 (November 14, 2025) 1.4E-03
Honshu M 4.7 15:02 UT
6490 1604 1610 1614 C1.6 (November 14, 2025) 1.0E-03
6500 1622 1631 1635 C2.7 (November 14, 2025) 1.8E-03
6510 1636 1641 1645 C3.2 (November 14, 2025) 1.7E-03
6520 1659 1702 1704 C2.6 (November 14, 2025) 1.0E-03
Greenland Sea M 4.1 17:00 UT
6530 1708 1716 1723 C2.5 (November 14, 2025) 2.3E-03
6540 1748 1755 1804 C3.8 (November 14, 2025) 3.6E-03
6550 1841 1845 1848 C2.4 (November 14, 2025) 1.1E-03
Kuril Islands M 4.8 18:45 UT M 5.2 18:41 UT
6560 1859 1908 1919 C2.3 (November 14, 2025) 2.5E-03
Tonga M 5.7 19:09 UT
6570 2004 2012 2016 M1.3 (November 14, 2025) 5.1E-03
6580 2051 2059 2106 C4.7 (November 14, 2025) 2.8E-03
6590 2122 2131 2134 M1.3 (November 14, 2025) 5.0E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 15-17. Solar M-flare chance: 60% X-class: 35% proton storm: 20%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 5 3 4 03:00 2 114 145
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 14, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A strong geomagnetic excursion was recorded on GOES satellites starting about 13:50 UT
on November 13, 2025. The strength of the field at GOES 19 went from about 90 nT at
13:50 UT to 225 nT at 14:40 UT. Otherwise the AP (Planetary A-Value) reached
63 continuing the strong geomagnetic storm which began on November 12.
It is likely that strong to major earthquakes will be inhibited for the
next three days while the geomagnetic field returns to quiet levels. After
the 15-16 of November 2025 a strong to major earthquake could occur.
This would most likely occur near the geomagnetic equator or at high latitudes.
A strong solar flare could bring the end of the current
seismic quiet period - depending on where sub- and anti-solar latitudes
are if and when such an event occurs.
Two light earthquakes shook the region of San Francisco, California today. These events of M 3.5 and 2.5
were reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity up to IV in the San Francisco area at Vallejo, San Anselmo,
Crockett, Benicia, and III in Pinole, Richmond, Rodeo, Hercules, Martinez, Berkeley, American Canyon, Orinda, Burlingame, Lafayette, Pleasant Hill, Walnut Creek, El Sobrante, Concord, San Ramon, Half Moon Bay, San Francisco, San Pablo, Alamo, Concord, Walnut Creek, Emeryville, among others.
These two earthquakes occurred at local solar midnight (M 2.5) and local solar
noon (M 3.5) and were probably promoted by geomagnetic and/or tidal stresses
which maximize near these hours. This continues a pattern of light earthquakes
in San Francisco over the past several weeks near local solar midnight and
Noon and could indicate the area is very close to a major rupture. Hair-triggering
in the area is especially notable at times of strong X-class flares. The X5.1
flare of November 11, 2025, the strongest in months, occurred while
San Francisco was near local solar midnight as noted in previous issues of
this summary:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5520 0949 1001 1251 X5.1 (November 11, 2025) 3.9E-01
The M 3.5 today in San Francisco, California is the strongest in that region
since an M 3.8 on November 9, 2025. At the time this summary noted in this regard:
"The area of San Francisco was at exactly midnight local solar time when the
X1.7 flare occurred earlier in the day. This had been noted in the previous
issue of this summary as:
"It is of some interest that the X1.7 flare which appears to have triggered the
M 6.8 in Northern Honshu, Japan occurred while the area of San Francisco
and the western U.S. was near local solar midnight. This summary has
argued on several recent previous occasions that such a flare could trigger
a moderate earthquake in that area. Readers should be aware of this possibility
in the next several days." (November 9, 2025)
This epicenter is located at node four (90 degrees) from the current position of Typhoon Fung-Wong;
at the seevnth node from the north geomagnetic Pole and Kamchatka (52 degrees);
at the fifth node from Honshu Japan (72 degrees) and 102 degrees from Mindanaao, Philippines
and was likely promoted by energy from those multiple sources.
O: 13NOV2025 20:41:15 38.1N 122.2W MW=3.4 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 14NOV2025 08:10:03 37.6N 122.0W MD=2.3 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.7 in the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge.
It was not reported felt in this remote area. This event occurred within minutes
of local solar midnight and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
Today's event of M 5.7 is the strongest within about 200 km of this epicenter
since an M 6.3 on April 2, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
" ... the strongest earthquake of the day was an M 6.3 on the Pacific-Antarctic
Ridge (at 142W longitude) was near local solar noon at the time of this flare.
While it occurred about two hours after the flare it is most likely
triggered by SFE from flare 3220.
The last earthquake in this area of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge with M>=6.3
was recorded by NEIC as occurring on October 30, 2010 with M 6.3. Other
events in the area of equal or larger magnitude in the past 35 years all
occurred with M 6.3 - on May 12, 2005; October 11, 1998 and August 23, 1995.
At the time of the M 6.3 on October 30, 2010 this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake of the day was an M 6.4 in the South Pacific
Ocean on the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. This is a remote region and the
earthquake was probably not felt in the region. This type of earthquake
(transform) seldom triggers a tsunami and none was expected with this
event. In the past 20 years two earthquakes have hit the Pacific-Antarctic
Ridge with M>=6.4 - an event of M 5.5 on August 6, 2001 and an M 6.5 on May 12,
2005. Both were to the east of today's epicenter." (October 30, 2010, April 2, 2025)
At the time of the X5.1 flare this summary noted the possibility of enhanced
seismicity near 150 West longitude as:
"This flare (of X5.1) maximized around 10:00 UT. Longitudes at local solar noon are near
30 East and include the active region western Turkey and Greece while those
at local solar midnight are near 150 West and include areas of southern Alaska
near Anchorage and Hawaii. These are the most likely areas to see significant
seismicity following today's flare of X5.1." (November 11, 2025)
This epicenter is at 144 degrees from the North Geomagnetic pole and the third node
from Kamchatka and 102 degrees from the Central Philippines and may have
been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 13NOV2025 09:41:30 56.7S 142.0W MW=5.7 EMSC PACIFIC-ANTARCTIC RIDGE
A moderate M 5.0 also occurred today in the Central Mid-Atlantic. It was not
reported felt in this remote area. The last earthquake within about 200 km
of this epicenter with M>=5.0 was recorded as an M 5.6 on April 19 and M 5.7 on January 14, 2025.
At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.7 in the Central Mid-Atlantic area. It may have been felt in the epicentral area on board ships.
An earthquake of M 5.0 near Kimbe, New Guinea followed 38 minutes later. This
New Guinea epicenter is near the antipode of the epicenter in the mid-Atlantic.
It occurred as the PPS seismic phase was passing through New Guinea and may
have been promoted by antipodal focused energy from the Mid-Atlantic." (January 14, 2025)
This epicenter is at the third node from the South Geomagnetic pole and from Kamchatka
and the fourth node from the North Geomagnetic Pole and at 145 degrees from the current eye of Typhoon Fung-Wong and may have
been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 14NOV2025 00:45:57 7.0N 34.0W MB=5.0 EMSC CENTRAL MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.7 in Central Luzon, Philippines was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Luzon with IV in San Fernando Ilocos and Tuding, Cordillera, Philippines.
EMSC reported moderate jolts in Baguio, and Alaminos, Philippines.
Typhoon Fung-Wong passed over this epicenter several days ago and may have
helped promote seismicity in the region.
O: 13NOV2025 09:57:16 16.6N 120.3E MB=4.7 EMSC LUZON, PHILIPPINES
A light M 2.5 occurred in Southern California east of Los Angeles today. NEIC
reported intensity III in Hemet and II in Winchester and Honeland, California.
This was accompanied by a series of light to moderate earthquakes (including an M 4.2) in the northern
Gulf of California which were not reported felt.
O: 13NOV2025 19:26:20 33.5N 116.4W ML=2.1 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 13NOV2025 09:34:28 33.8N 116.9W ML=2.5 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 13NOV2025 13:32:12 33.9N 116.2W ML=2.5 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
The epicenters in the Gulf of California are at the sixth node from the
North Geomagnetic Pole and at 103 degrees from the eye of Typhoon Fung-Wong
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 13NOV2025 22:57:28 31.4N 114.4W ML=3.4 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 13NOV2025 21:40:51 30.6N 114.2W ML=3.7 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 13NOV2025 22:50:22 30.7N 114.5W ML=4.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 14NOV2025 09:36:11 30.8N 114.6W ML=3.6 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Cyprus was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Cyprus in Koloni and Lemesos.
O: 13NOV2025 09:27:26 34.8N 32.6E ML=4.5 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Panama was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Panama with III in Los Lomas, Chiriqui.
This epicenter is at 145 degrees from Central Philippines and may have
been promoted energy from strong recent earthquakes in that area.
O: 13NOV2025 08:33:18 8.3N 82.8W MB=4.5 EMSC PANAMA-COSTA RICA BORDER REGIO
NEIC reported earthquakes of M 4.8 and M 4.6 in the Davis Strait/Labrador Sea area west of Greenland were not felt in this remote area today.
The last earthquake of M>=4.8 in the Davis Strait within about 200 km of
today's activity occurred on July 12, 2022. The only other event in the area of larger magnitude
in the past 35 years was an M 4.9 on January 21, 1998. At the time of the
July, 2022 quake this summary noted:
"The M 5.1-5.2 in the Davis Strait near Greenland was the strongest event in the U.S. or Canada
today. It may have been lightly felt in this remote epicentral area.
This earthquake occurred within about an hour of local solar noon and was
probably promoted by high tides associated with the full moon of July 13 and/or
geomagnetic effects from today's geomagnetic storm as reported in this summary:
"The geomagnetic field saw disturbed conditions today. The AP level was 18. High latitudes saw minor storms conditions with AP 36. This appears to re-energize the strongest storm at high latitudes since high latitude AP reached 49 on June 15, 2022. Some enhancement of seismicity at high latitudes and near the geomagnetic equator is likely in the next several days due to effects of this storm." (July 12, 2022)
This is the strongest earthquake within about 300 km of this epicenter in
at least 30 years. The only event in the region with M>4.6 since 1990 was an
M 4.9 about 200 km to the east on July 29, 1999." (July 12, 2022)
Today's event in the Davis Strait was the strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada or vicinity today.
It occurred near local solar midnight.
This epicenter in the Davis Strait is near the antipode of the South Geomagnetic
Pole and may have been promoted by energy associated with the recent geomagnetic
storm which concentrates in that area.
O: 13NOV2025 06:21:20 60.2N 58.4W MB=4.8 NEIC DAVIS STRAIT
O: 13NOV2025 07:07:10 60.4N 58.5W MB=4.6 EMSC DAVIS STRAIT
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 2.0 and 3.2 in the Netherlands was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of the Netherlands in Loppersum and Delfzihjl.
The M 3.2 was also felt in the Netherlands at Stedum, Uithuizen, Middelstum, Appingedam, Delfzijl, with a loud noise.
O: 14NOV2025 00:16:39 53.4N 6.7E ML=3.2 EMSC THE NETHERLANDS
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 13, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5960 0002 0010 0018 C4.3 (November 13, 2025) 3.0E-03
5970 0048 0057 0101 C4.0 (November 13, 2025) 2.2E-03
Honshu M 4.7 00:54 UT
6030 0243 0334 0407 C6.1 (November 13, 2025) 2.5E-02
Kamchatka M 4.5 02:51 UT
Western Turkey M 4.6 03:16 UT M 4.2, M 4.2 03:20-03:21 UT
Ryukyu Is. M 4.7 03:24 UT
6060 0504 0508 0510 C3.1 (November 13, 2025) 1.2E-03
6090 0628 0636 0643 C2.1 (November 13, 2025) 1.6E-03
India M 4.0 06:36 UT
6120 0726 0733 0738 C1.6 (November 13, 2025) 1.1E-03
Honshu M 4.6 07:23 UT
6140 1022 1028 1030 C1.6 (November 13, 2025) 8.3E-04
6160 1103 1107 1111 C1.9 (November 13, 2025) 9.3E-04
6210 1317 1326 1330 C5.0 (November 13, 2025) 2.3E-03
Southern California M 2.5 13:32 UT
6220 1423 1431 1440 C2.4 (November 13, 2025) 2.5E-03
6240 1457 1506 1515 C2.3 (November 13, 2025) 2.2E-03
6260 1528 1531 1533 C2.0 (November 13, 2025) 8.2E-04
6270 1544 1556 1633 C3.5 (November 13, 2025) 9.1E-03
6290 1633 1639 1641 C3.9 (November 13, 2025) 2.2E-03
Atacama M 4.4 16:33 UT
6280 1720 1725 1728 C3.3 (November 13, 2025) 1.6E-03
6310 1932 1939 1946 C2.2 (November 13, 2025) 1.8E-03
Kamchatka M 4.6 19:37 UT
6320 1958 2004 2012 C1.7 (November 13, 2025) 1.5E-03
Honshu M 5.3 19:58 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 14-16. Solar M-flare chance: 65% X-class: 35% proton storm: 20%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 59 69 43 03:00 7 104 156
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 13, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A severe geomagnetic storm occurred today with G4-5 levels reached.
The Planetary AP was 127 with high latitude A 123 and middle latitude A 70 reaching
maximum 8.7 early in the UT day. Based on similar storms in the past few
years it is likely this will subdue global seismicity for the next week
and especially during the time of the storm although further storms
could shock a significant earthquake in that time frame.
Global seismicity reflected this reaction to the geomagnetic storm today.
The largest earthquakes of the day were of M 5.2-5.5 in Cyprus with events of M 5.1
in the Talaud Islands, Indonesia and the Batan Island region north of
the Philippines and near Taiwan. This event was likely triggered by the
passage of Typhoon Fung-Wong near this epicenter at the time of the earthquake
occurrence.
A similar, but smaller geomagnetic storm last occurred on October 10-11, 2024 when Planetary
AP reached 116 but the last storm with AP greater than today's
occurred on May 11, 2024 when AP reached 273. The seismic environment
following these storm is discussed below.
A major geomagnetic storm is expected in the next day. This is based on the CME from
an X5.1 solar flare on November 11, 2025. The British Geological Society (BGS)
warns that this storm could reach the maximum G5 storm level and could be the
strongest in the past two decades. Early data suggests this could be the strongest since 2005.
Consequences of such geomagnetic storms can be considerable from loss of satellite
and communication to blackouts to failure of equipment such as tractors
clocks, and other transport that rely on GPS to function properly.
The last geomagnetic storm approaching G5 occurred on May 10-11, 2024. At the time
the Planetary A value was 273 and high latitude A was 208 (on May 11, 2024).
K-values near 9 at all latitudes occurred off and on throughout that day. At
the time this summary noted:
"An extreme geomagnetic storm has occurred over the past two days.
The planetary AP index today of 273 is unprecedented in modern times but
high latitude and middle latitudes also saw record AP of 208 and 175
respectively. As this storm dies down global seismicity is expected
to rise and possibly include large or major earthquakes.
Among early casualties from the continuing geomagnetic storm was the Starlink
Satellite system of Musk which has been helpful in communications in war-torn
areas such as Ukraine. The web was also out in Florida where aurora were
visible for the first time in many years. Forida is too far south for many
of the visible effects of geomagnetic storms but AP at middle latitudes
today exceeded some of the highest indices at high latitude in recent years
and the aurora are now visible this far to the south." (May 11, 2024)
Seismicity associated with the storm of May 11, 2024 included an M 5.8 in Taiwan on May 10; an M 6.4 in
Guatemala on May 12; an M 5.8 in the Kermadec Islands on May 17; an M 5.7 on
May 18 in teh Admiralty Islands and an M 6.0 on May 19 in the western
Andreanof Islands, Aleutians, Alaska. The first major earthquake following this
geomagnetic storm was an M 7.2 in Southern Peru on June 28, 2024. But for the most part the lack of
significant seismicity with this storm was notable.
A smaller geomagnetic storm on October 8-11, 2024 reached planetary A-values
of 116 and high latitude A-values of 123 with brief periods of K at 9 on
October 11, 2024. Like the storm in May, 2024 accompanying seismicity with this storm
was muted and included earthquakes of M 6.2 in Nicaragua on October 1, events of M 5.9-6.0 in Turkey,
Afghanistan and Colima, Mexico on October 16. The strongest earthquake in the
month following this geomagnetic storm was an M 6.2 in the northern Kuril
and southern Kamchatka regions on October 23, 2024, a clear foreshock to
recent major activity in that region.
Oddly the last geomagnetic storm of G5 or higher level occurred exactly 21 years
ago today on November 10-11, 2004. Two geomagnetic storms in 2004 occurred with G5 intensity (K-index of K>=9).
These occurred on November 8-11, 2004 with planetary A reaching 189 and high
latitude A reaching 188 on November 8 and 9, 2024 and on July 25-27, 2004
with Planetary A-value at 162 and high latitude A of 212 on July 27.
At the time this summary noted in this regard:
"An extremely strong geomagnetic storm occurred throughout July 27. This storm
is the strongest since early November, 2003. Current AA index for the day at
high latitudes is 212. This is the strongest geomagnetic storm since Nov. 8, 1991
when the index reached 235 according to data available from the
National Geophysical Data Center (aastar.lst - ftp data). This is the
35th largest geomagnetic storm observed in the past 150 years and the strongest
in the current solar cycle." (July 27, 2004)
Strong earthquakes associated with this geomagnetic storm occurred as an M 7.3 in Sumatra on
July 25, 2024 at the start of the storm; an M 6.5 in New Guinea on July 28, 2004
and an M 6.0 in the South Pacific on August 1, 2004.
and
"The current geomagnetic storm continued at very strong levels today. Planetary
A-levels index was 181 today and 188 at high latitudes yesterday. This makes
this the strongest storm of the last 13 years. Strong seismicity is expected
to continue after a lull of several days. The next step is the anticipated
increase in seismicity at volcanic centers especially in extension
provinces, the equatorial zone and at high latitudes." (November 11, 2004)
This geomagnetic storm in November, 2004 was followed on December 26, 2004
by one of the deadliest earthquakes and tsunamis ever recorded - the Boxing
Day earthquake in the Indian Ocean, an event which has been estimated to
have killed more than 250,000 around the Indian Ocean via a major tsunami.
There was considerable major seismicity at the time of the November 11, 2004
geomagnetic storm. This included (on November 11, 2004) an M 6.1 in Hokkaido,
Japan; an M 6.7 in the Santa Cruz Islands and an M 7.5 in Timor, Indonesia.
and ono November 12, 2004 an M 6.1 at deep focus in Bolivia. Strong earthquakes
in the following week occurred as an M 7.2 in Colombia (Nov. 15, 2004); M 6.1 in New Britain
(November 16) and M 6.6 on November 17, 2024 in Tonga. An M 7.1 also
occurred on November 22, 2004 in Snares Island area of New Zealand.
Historically, then with the exception of the November, 2004 storm, seismicity
appears to be diminished during the week of and following the peak of the
storm. Stronger earthquakes occur about a week later with major events
delayed for a longer period. Current seismicity with the current storm
appears to be following a similar pattern as of this writing.
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 4.4 near Chignik, Alaska
in the Alaska Peninsula. NEIC reported it was lightly felt in the epicentral area.
This event occurred in an area which was at local solar midnight when the X5.1
solar flare of November 11 occurred and was likely promoted by SFE from that
event.
O: 12NOV2025 14:37:51 55.7N 157.5W ML=4.4 EMSC ALASKA PENINSULA
An earthquake of M 4.2 also occurred near the volcanic area off the coast
of Oregon today. It was not reported felt in Oregon. This area is building
to a volcanic eruption but some geoscientist are now suggesting that eruption
will not occur until mid- to late- 2026.
O: 12NOV2025 08:38:35 44.1N 127.9W MB=4.2 EMSC OFF COAST OF OREGON
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.3 off northern California was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of off northern California with II in Arcata.
O: 13NOV2025 00:42:20 41.0N 125.1W ML=3.2 EMSC OFFSHORE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 13NOV2025 00:42:20 41.0N 125.1W ML=3.3 NEIC OFFSHORE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
Three earthquakes of M 5.2, M 5.3 and 5.9 were reported in the area of Cyprus today east of Paphos.
These were the strongest earthquakes in the world today.
The Israel Geological Survey (IGS) reported these earthquake were widely felt in Cyprus and Israel
with felt activity primarily in Israel at Haifa, Afula and Nazareth. These events
were also reported felt in Lebanon. NEIC reported these events were felt with
intensity VI (with slight damage) in Cyprus in Polemi and Koloni; V in Tsada, Mesogi, Konia, Stroumpi, Meladeia; IV in Nikokleia, Pafox, Agios Tychon, Chlorakas, Amargeti, Mouttagiaka, Koilani, Pissoiuri, Doros, Pegeia, Lemesos, Lempa, Tala, Polis, Moni, Larnaca, and intensity III in Haifa, Israel, Beirut, Lebanon, Mugla, Turkey, and Khelda, Amman, Jordan among others.
The last earthquake in the area of Cyprus with M>=5.3 occurred as an M 6.6
on January 11, 2022. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.6 in the region of Cyprus south
of Turkey. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity VI in Cyprus at Polis, Skouli, Argarka; V in Kossonerga; IV in Regeia, Giolou, Tala, Chiorakas, Lempa, Cyprus.
Minor damage accompanyed major concern with shaking that lasted for a long
period according to press accounts. This is the strongest earthquake near Cyprus
within about 250 km since an M 6.8 on October 9, 1996, the only other such
event in the area in at least 30 years.
...
Earthquakes north of Cyprus also continued in Macedonia today. The strongest of these
was an M 4.4 which was reported by NEIC to have been felt in Macedonia at Bitola.
When this series began yesterday, this summary noted in this regard:
"A moderately strong M 5.5 was felt in Macedonia and northern Greece today. NEIC reported maximum intensity VI in Macedonia at Bitola, and in Knosi, Kastoria, Greece and V in Florina, and in Macedonia at Bistrica, Dobrusevo with IV in Novaci, Capari, and in Greece at Arnissa, Lethovon.
An aftershock of M 4.6 was felt with maximum intensity VI in Bitola, Macedonia and in Serbia and Montenegro.
An M 4.0 aftershock was reported lightly felt in Ohrid, Macedonia. This is part
of a series of earthquakes in Greece and Turkey and the eastern Mediterranean in
the last month. It is likely this regional activation will continue for
several more days with a strong earthquake in the area likely in this time. Today's earthquake
in Macedonia occurred with a moderate geomagnetic disturbance at high latitudes" (January 9-10, 2021)
March 3, 2021. ..." (January 11, 2022)
The mainshock occurred within minutes of local solar noon and was probably
promoted by the X5.1 solar flare on November 11. This summary had anticipated
enhanced seismicity in this area in the previous issue as:
"This flare (of X5.1) maximized around 10:00 UT. Longitudes at local solar noon are near
30 East and include the active region western Turkey and Greece while those
at local solar midnight are near 150 West and include areas of southern Alaska
near Anchorage and Hawaii. These are the most likely areas to see significant
seismicity following today's flare of X5.1." (November 11, 2025)
Today's epicenter is located at the third node (120 degrees) from the Drake
Passage and at the fourth node (90 degrees) from the Mindanao, Philippines of M 7.4
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:27 35.0N 32.6E MW=5.9 IGS CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:27 35.0N 32.6E MW=5.7 BMG CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:25 34.8N 32.5E MW=5.6 GSRAS CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:25 34.8N 32.5E MW=5.2 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 14:23:31 34.8N 32.5E MW=5.8 RSSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 14:23:31 35.0N 32.5E MW=5.3 NEIC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 14:23:31 34.9N 32.5E Mw=5.3 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:41:51 34.8N 32.5E mb=4.7 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:59:10 34.8N 32.5E ML=4.1 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:36:22 34.9N 32.6E ML=4.1 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
An interesting series of earthquakes occurred today and yesterday along
the path of Typhoon Fung-Wong in northern Philippines and eastern Taiwan
and the southern Ryukyu Islands. These events beginning with an M 4.6 in
northern Luzon, Philippine followed the path northward of Fung-Wong with
an M 5.1 in the Batan Islands region of the Philippines followed by an M 4.6 in
Taiwan and an M 4.8 in the southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan region as Fung-Wong
passed over these epicenters. The M 5.1 in the Basco area of the northern
Philippines was not reported felt but the last earthquake within about 200 km
of this epicenter with M>=5.1 was catalogued as an event of M 5.2 on August 16, 2025.
This summary noted this event at the time as:
"An earthquake of M 5.2 occurred today in the area of southern Taiwan. While NEIC did not issue any felt reports for this event, CWB, the local seismological network reported
it was felt in southern Taiwan. CWB, the local network indicated light shaking in
Pingtung County, Taiwan. The epicenter south of Kaohsiung is unusual.
The last earthquake of M>=5.2 in this area was an M 5.4 on June 28, 2022.
Today's event may have been promoted by the passage of Tyhoon Podul through
the area two days ago as reported at the time in this summary:
"Typhoon Podul (TD 16W) continued today over Taiwan with winds up to 90 kts. It is expected to track to the west reaching areas of the Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands, Japan around August 12-13 where moderate seismic enhancement may occur at that time. The antipode at 23S 60W in the southern Atlantic Ocean is unlikely to see seismicity associated with this storm." (August 13, 2025)
Typhoon Podul has also caused up to $14 million U.S. dollars in damage to
agriculture in the past two days in Taiwan." (August 16, 2025)
Readers should take note of the similarity to the environment at this epicenter
with the August 16 event and that of today's.
The M 4.5 in Taiwan was reported by EMSC to have been felt lightly in Taiwan at Yilan, Xindian, Taipei and Taoyuan.
CWB reported this earthquake was felt with intensity III in Yilan, amd Taipei with II in Taoyuan, Hsinchu Counties, Taiwan.
An M 5.3 on November 10 was also widely felt in southern Taiwan. CWB reported
this event with intensity IV in Kaohsiung and Tainan and III in chiayi City, Pingtung, Yunlin, Hualien, and II in Changhua, Taichung, Penghu and Miaoli Counties, Taiwan.
The M 4.2 in Central Taiwan of early November 13 was reported with intensity
II in Hualien County. These events were likely triggered by strong stresses associated with the
passage of Typhoon Fung-Wong over these epicenters.
PHIVOLCS reported the M 4.7 in Luzon was felt with intensity IV in San Fernando, La Union and III in the City of Baguio, Alaminos, Pangasinan, Sugpon, Ilocos Sur, Bauang, La Union and II in La Triidad, Benguet, Caba, Las Union and Santa Cruz, Ilocos Sur.
O: 13NOV2025 09:57:16 16.7N 120.2E MB=4.7 EMSC LUZON, PHILIPPINES
O: 12NOV2025 12:02:22 20.9N 121.1E MB=5.1 EMSC BATAN ISL REGION, PHILIPPINES
O: 13NOV2025 01:22:40 24.7N 121.7E ML=4.5 EMSC TAIWAN
O: 13NOV2025 05:29:02 23.8N 121.6E ML=4.2 CWB TAIWAN
O: 13NOV2025 03:24:30 25.1N 124.5E MB=4.7 EMSC NORTHEAST OF TAIWAN
O: 10NOV2025 03:24:30 23.1N 120.7E MB=5.3 CWB SOUTHERN TAIWAN
The most unusual earthquake of the day occurred as an M 4.7 on the Laos-Vietnam
border. EMSC reported it was felt in Vietnam with moderate shaking in Hanoi, Cau Dien, Cau Giay, Hai BaTrung, and Tay Ho,
Typhoon Kalmaegi dissipated over this epicenter several days ago and
may have promoted today's activity via stress transfer.
O: 12NOV2025 16:26:18 20.2N 104.5E ML=4.7 EMSC LAOS-VIETNAM BORDER REGION
Two moderate earthquakes in Tarapaca, Chile of M 4.8 M 4.3 and 4.0 were reported
by NEIC to have been felt lightly in Iquique, Tarapaca, Chile. These
epicenters are located near the antipode of the dissipation of Typhoon
Kalmaegi and may also have been promoted by antipodal concentrated energy
from that source.
These epicenters area at 145 degrees from the earthquake of M 6.9 in Honshu,
Japan and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 12NOV2025 13:12:02 19.3S 69.1W MB=4.8 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
O: 13NOV2025 04:59:39 19.3S 69.3W ML=4.3 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
O: 12NOV2025 13:10:02 19.4S 69.0W ML=4.0 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.9 in Southern Idaho was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Southern Idaho with III in Arimo and Pocatello.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M in was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Western Turkey was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Western Turkey in Bigadic, Gordes, Akhisar, Soma, Demirci, Salihli, Bergama, Kula, Manisa, Edremit, Odemis, Bayrakli among others.
This epicenter was near local solar noon when the X5.1 solar flare occurred
on November 11 and had been expected to see enhanced seismicity at this
time as noted in previous issues of this summary:
"This flare (of X5.1) maximized around 10:00 UT. Longitudes at local solar noon are near
30 East and include the active region western Turkey and Greece while those
at local solar midnight are near 150 West and include areas of southern Alaska
near Anchorage and Hawaii. These are the most likely areas to see significant
seismicity following today's flare of X5.1." (November 11, 2025)
O: 13NOV2025 03:16:16 39.2N 28.1E MW=4.6 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 13NOV2025 03:20:24 39.2N 28.1E ML=4.2 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 13NOV2025 03:21:44 39.2N 28.2E ML=4.2 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TYPHOON FUNG-WONG (DEPRESSION 32W)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH FUNG-WONG 2025-11-13 00:00 UT 25.8N 125.3E 45 kts Ryukyu Islands
Typhoon Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan with winds up to 35 kts and gusts to 45 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. Landfall yesterday in northern Philippines and Taiwan involved major flooding and damage to local structure as well as loss of life. This typhoon could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquakes in northern Philippines or in Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands and perhaps as far north as Honshu, Japan at that time. The antipode is at 26S 55W in the South Atlantic and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 12, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5740 0132 0148 0156 C1.9 (November 12, 2025) 2.5E-03
5750 0235 0240 0242 C1.8 (November 12, 2025) 9.4E-04
5760 0249 0256 0303 C2.4 (November 12, 2025) 1.9E-03
5790 0459 0507 0512 C1.9 (November 12, 2025) 1.5E-03
5820 0840 0855 0903 C3.1 (November 12, 2025) 3.1E-03
Cyprus M 5.2 09:31 UT
5880 1611 1639 1706 C4.5 (November 12, 2025) 1.2E-02
Laos-Vietnam border M 4.7 16:26 UT
5890 1814 1820 1826 C1.7 (November 12, 2025) 1.3E-03
5910 2058 2106 2114 C1.7 (November 12, 2025) 1.6E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 14 severe storms November 13 unsettled November 15. Solar M-flare chance: 85% X-class: 55% proton storm: 99%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 127 123 70 00:00 9 150 163
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 12, 2025 at 21:28:56 UT (#251112A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 12, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A major geomagnetic storm is expected in the next day. This is based on the CME from
an X5.1 solar flare on November 11, 2025. The British Geological Society (BGS)
warns that this storm could reach the maximum G5 storm level and could be the
strongest in the past two decades. Early data suggests this could be the strongest since 2005.
Consequences of such geomagnetic storms can be considerable from loss of satellite
and communication to blackouts to failure of equipment such as tractors
clocks, and other transport that rely on GPS to function properly.
Oddly the last geomagnetic storm of G5 or higher level occurred exactly 21 years
ago today on November 10-11, 2004. Two geomagnetic storms in 2004 occurred with G5 intensity (K-index of K>=9).
These occurred on November 8-11, 2004 with planetary A reaching 189 and high
latitude A reaching 188 on November 8 and 9, 2024 and on July 25-27, 2004
with Planetary A-value at 162 and high latitude A of 212 on July 27.
At the time this summary noted in this regard:
"An extremely strong geomagnetic storm occurred throughout July 27. This storm
is the strongest since early November, 2003. Current AA index for the day at
high latitudes is 212. This is the strongest geomagnetic storm since Nov. 8, 1991
when the index reached 235 according to data available from the
National Geophysical Data Center (aastar.lst - ftp data). This is the
35th largest geomagnetic storm observed in the past 150 years and the strongest
in the current solar cycle." (July 27, 2004)
Strong earthquakes associated with this geomagnetic storm occurred as an M 7.3 in Sumatra on
July 25, 2024 at the start of the storm; an M 6.5 in New Guinea on July 28, 2004
and an M 6.0 in the South Pacific on August 1, 2004.
and
"The current geomagnetic storm continued at very strong levels today. Planetary
A-levels index was 181 today and 188 at high latitudes yesterday. This makes
this the strongest storm of the last 13 years. Strong seismicity is expected
to continue after a lull of several days. The next step is the anticipated
increase increase in seismicity at volcanic centers especially in extension
provinces, the equatorial zone and at high latitudes." (November 11, 2004)
This geomagnetic storm in November, 2004 was followed on December 26, 2004
by one of the deadliest earthquakes and tsunamis ever recorded - the Boxing
Day earthquake in the Indian Ocean, an event which has been estimated to
have killed more than 250,000 around the Indian Ocean via a major tsunami.
There was considerable major seismicity at the time of the November 11, 2004
geomagnetic storm. This included (on November 11, 2004) an M 6.1 in Hokkaido,
Japan; an M 6.7 in the Santa Cruz Islands and an M 7.5 in Timor, Indonesia.
and ono November 12, 2004 an M 6.1 at deep focus in Bolivia. Strong earthquakes
in the following week occurred as an M 7.2 in Colombia (Nov. 15, 2004); M 6.1 in New Britain
(November 16) and M 6.6 on November 17, 2024 in Tonga. An M 7.1 also
occurred on November 22, 2004 in Snares Island area of New Zealand.
A major solar flare of X5.1 occurred today (November 11, 2025). This is the
strongest solar flare in more than a year. Previous flares of high X-class
were recorded on October 1, 2024 (4540 X7.1); October 3, 2024 (5530 X9.0) and
May 14, 2024 (X8.7).
SWPC gives the following initial parameters for this flare:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5520 0949 1001 1251 X5.1 (November 11, 2025) 3.9E-01
Tarapaca M 4.6 10:32 UT M 4.0 10:35 UT
Honshu M 4.6 M 4.7 12:03 UT
Guerrero M 4.1 11:35 UT
This flare maximized around 10:00 UT. Longitudes at local solar noon are near
30 East and include the active region western Turkey and Greece while those
at local solar midnight are near 150 West and include areas of southern Alaska
near Anchorage and Hawaii. These are the most likely areas to see significant
seismicity following today's flare of X5.1.
In an interesting side note, three solar flares of X-class have occurred
in the past three days - an X1.7 (4640) on November 9 at 06:54-08:43; an
X1.2 (4950) on November 10 at 08:55 - 10:19 UT and today's 09:49 - 11:40 UT (approximate).
These are occurring slightly more than 25 hours apart. Should this continue
a further X-class flare might be expected on November 12 around 1200 UT.
At this writing the most conspicuous earthquakes associated in time with
this X5.1 flare are occurring in the area of Tarapaca, Chile with events
of M 4.8 and M 4.6. These are also near the antipode of Typhoon Fung-Wong
south of Taiwan and could be promoted by energy from both sourcs.
O: 11NOV2025 10:35:08 19.4S 69.1W ML=4.8 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
O: 11NOV2025 10:32:45 19.4S 69.2W ML=4.6 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
A strong enhancement (above SWPC alert levels) in electron flux beginning
about 10:00 UT near the peak of the X5.1 solar flare. This is a very
quick response and may not be related to the solar flare although this
sudden electron flux is highly unusual. GOES 18 shows a sudden drop in
electron flux at 10:10 followed by a rapid rise to levels above SWPC Alert Threshold
at 12:30 UT. This behavior has not previously been observed on these
satellite telemetry and the cause is not understood at this time.
Proton Flux via GOES and SWPC saw a major proton storm begin with the X5.1
solar flare at satellite altitudes. This storm which started about 10:00 UT reached
and surpassed the SWPC 10 MeV warning Threshold and continued to more than
100 Mev within several hours. The GOES-18 magnetometer shows a strong increast
in field strength at 00:00 UT on November 12 followed by a major
decline and reversal of field strength reaching a low of about -90 nT around
00:30 UT. This was accompanied by a moderate earthquake of M 5.4 in northern Honshu at the
same time (at 00:29 UT, November 12). The combined effects of the electron and
proton storm with the X5.1 flare makes the current forecasting of seismicity
uncertain as each affects seismicity in different ways. It will be of
particular interest to watch global seismicity in the next several days
to see which effects is predominant - the weakening effect of the proton storm
or the strengthening effect of the flare. These may cancel each other out
or delay subsequent seismic events.
Two earthquakes of M 5.2 and 5.9 were reported in the area of Cyprus today east of Paphos.
The Israel Geological Survey (IGS) reported these earthquake were widely felt in Cyprus and Israel
with felt activity primarily in Israel at Haifa, Afula and Nazareth. These events
were also reported felt in Lebanon. NEIC reported these events were felt with
intensity VI (with slight damage) in Cyprus in Polemi and Koloni; V in Tsada, Mesogi, Konia, Stroumpi, Meladeia; IV in Nikokleia, Pafox, Agios Tychon, Chlorakas, Amargeti, Mouttagiaka, Koilani, Pissoiuri, Doros, Pegeia, Lemesos, Lempa, Tala, Polis, Moni, Larnaca, and intensity III in Haifa, Israel, Beirut, Lebanon, Mugla, Turkey, and Khelda, Amman, Jordan among others.
The last earthquake in the area of Cyprus with M>=5.3 occurred as an M 6.6
on January 11, 2022. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.6 in the region of Cyprus south
of Turkey. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity VI in Cyprus at Polis, Skouli, Argarka; V in Kossonerga; IV in Regeia, Giolou, Tala, Chiorakas, Lempa, Cyprus.
Minor damage accompanied major concern with shaking that lasted for a long
period according to press accounts. This is the strongest earthquake near Cyprus
within about 250 km since an M 6.8 on October 9, 1996, the only other such
event in the area in at least 30 years.
...
Earthquakes north of Cyprus also continued in Macedonia today. The strongest of these
was an M 4.4 which was reported by NEIC to have been felt in Macedonia at Bitola.
When this series began yesterday, this summary noted in this regard:
"A moderately strong M 5.5 was felt in Macedonia and northern Greece today. NEIC reported maximum intensity VI in Macedonia at Bitola, and in Knosi, Kastoria, Greece and V in Florina, and in Macedonia at Bistrica, Dobrusevo with IV in Novaci, Capari, and in Greece at Arnissa, Lethovon.
An aftershock of M 4.6 was felt with maximum intensity VI in Bitola, Macedonia and in Serbia and Montenegro.
An M 4.0 aftershock was reported lightly felt in Ohrid, Macedonia. This is part
of a series of earthquakes in Greece and Turkey and the eastern Mediterranean in
the last month. It is likely this regional activation will continue for
several more days with a strong earthquake in the area likely in this time. Today's earthquake
in Macedonia occurred with a moderate geomagnetic disturbance at high latitudes" (January 9-10, 2021)
March 3, 2021. ..." (January 11, 2022)
The mainshock occurred within minutes of local solar noon and was probably
promoted by the X5.1 solar flare on November 11. This summary had anticipated
enhanced seismicity in this area in the previous issue as:
"This flare (of X5.1) maximized around 10:00 UT. Longitudes at local solar noon are near
30 East and include the active region western Turkey and Greece while those
at local solar midnight are near 150 West and include areas of southern Alaska
near Anchorage and Hawaii. These are the most likely areas to see significant
seismicity following today's flare of X5.1." (November 11, 2025)
Today's epicenter is located at the third node (120 degrees) from the Drake
Passage and at the fourth node (90 degrees) from the Mindanao, Philippines of M 7.4
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:27 35.0N 32.6E MW=5.9 IGS CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:27 35.0N 32.6E MW=5.7 BMG CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:25 34.8N 32.5E MW=5.6 GSRAS CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:31:25 34.8N 32.5E MW=5.2 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 14:23:31 34.8N 32.5E MW=5.8 RSSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:41:51 34.8N 32.5E mb=4.7 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:59:10 34.8N 32.5E ML=4.1 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
O: 12NOV2025 09:36:22 34.9N 32.6E ML=4.1 EMSC CYPRUS REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.1 in Papua New Guinea was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Papua New Guinea with III at Madang, PNG.
This epicenter is at the fourth node (90 degrees) from the north Geomagnetic Pole
and at the sixth node (60 degrees) from the South Geomagnetic Pole and from Kamchatka
and at the eighth node (45 degrees) from Honshu, Japan and may have been promoted
by energy from those sources.
O: 12NOV2025 03:23:35 5.9S 145.6E MB=5.1 EMSC EASTERN NEW GUINEA REG., P.N.G
An earthquake of M 5.4 also occurred in the aftershock zone of northern Honshu, Japan
today. This event occurred at the time of the greatest geomagnetic disturbance
on the GOES 18 magnetometer and was probably promoted by energy associated
with the severe geomagnetic storm today (see above)
O: 12NOV2025 03:57:38 39.8N 143.6E Mw=4.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.7 in the Greenland Sea was not felt. This
epicenter was within minutes of local solar midnight when the major geomagnetic
storm occurred near 00:00 UT early on November 12. It was probably promoted
by energy associated with that storm at high latitudes.
This is the strongest earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter in the
Greenland Sea since an M M 6.2 on May 24, 2012. At the time this summary noted
this as the largest earthquake in the area since at least 1990 as:
"The strong activation of seismicity at high latitudes which we reported on
in our summary yesterday continued today. The strongest earthquake in the
world was in the Greenland/Norwegian Sea area with M 6.2. This epicenter
is about 600 km northwest of Tronso, Norway and 1500 km northeast of Reykjavik, Iceland.
No tsunami was expected or observed. This is a remote area and there were
no initial reports of damage or casualties.
...
This is the strongest earthquake ever recorded within 200 km of this epicenter
in the Norwegian Sea. A similar event of M 6.1-6.2 hit the area on June 10, 1929
with events of M 6.0 on January 29, 1959, May 31, 1971 and August 20, 2009. A
41-43 year recurrence can be discerned in this data with strong events in 1929,
1971 and 2012 in late May to early June. This suggests about 40-50 years to
build enough strain in the area to support a strong earthquake. The immediate
trigger may have been the strong geomagnetic storm at high latitudes which
has been occurring over the past two days." (May 24, 2012)
This event of May 2012 was also closely associated with a solar eclipse of
May 20-21, 2012.
Like the events in Cyprus today (see above) this epicenter is located at the
fourth node (90 degrees) from Mindanao, Philippines and at the seventh node from Kamchatka
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 12NOV2025 06:03:29 73.3N 6.7E Mw=5.7 EMSC GREENLAND SEA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.6 in the Alaska Peninsula was felt with intensity up to II in the area(s) of Sand Point, Alaska.
It may have been promoted by the geomagnetic storm as it was near local solar
noon when that storm commenced.
O: 12NOV2025 00:07:00 54.5N 160.2W ML=3.6 NEIC ALASKA PENINSULA
O: 12NOV2025 00:07:00 54.5N 160.2W ML=3.5 EMSC ALASKA PENINSULA
An M 3.7 also occurred near Anchorage, Alaska today. NEIC reported it was
widely felt with intensity III in Anchorage, Elmendorf AFB, Indian, Tyonek, Palmer, Cooper Landing and Chugiak, Alaska.
It may have been promoted by the X5.1 solar flare as it was near local solar
noon when that storm commenced as noted in the previous issue of this summary:
"This flare (of X5.1) maximized around 10:00 UT. Longitudes at local solar noon are near
30 East and include the active region western Turkey and Greece while those
at local solar midnight are near 150 West and include areas of southern Alaska
near Anchorage and Hawaii. These are the most likely areas to see significant
seismicity following today's flare of X5.1." (November 11, 2025)
This epicenter is at the eighth node (45 degrees) from northern Honshu, Japan
and at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the eye of Typhoon Fung-Wong and
may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 12NOV2025 05:25:39 61.1N 150.7W ML=3.7 EMSC SOUTHERN ALASKA
"At this writing the most conspicuous earthquakes associated in time with
this X5.1 flare are occurring in the area of Tarapaca, Chile with events
of M 4.8 and M 4.6. These are also near the antipode of Typhoon Fung-Wong
south of Taiwan and could be promoted by energy from both sourcs." (November 11, 2025)
O: 11NOV2025 10:35:08 19.4S 69.1W ML=4.8 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
O: 11NOV2025 10:32:45 19.4S 69.2W ML=4.6 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in Uzbekistan was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Uzbekistan at Kosonsoy, Namangan, Salor, Olmaglq, Tashkent, Bektemir, Urtaowul, Samarkand, in Kazakhstan at Taraz and Shymkent and in Kyrgyzstan at Osh, Bishkek.
This epicenter is at the sixth node (60 degrees) from Kamchatka and Mindanao and the eighth
node (45 degrees) from the eye of Typhoon Fung-Wong and may have been promoted
by energy from those sources.
O: 11NOV2025 17:32:32 41.1N 71.5E MB=4.6 EMSC EASTERN UZBEKISTAN
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TYPHOON FUNG-WONG (DEPRESSION 32W)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH FUNG-WONG 2025-11-12 00:00 UT 21.6N 120.5E 55 kts South of Taiwan
Typhoon Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region south of Taiwan with winds up to 45 kts and gusts to 55 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. Landfall yesterday in northern Philippines and Taiwan involved major flooding and damage to local structure as well as loss of life. This typhoon could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan and perhaps as far north as Honshu, Japan at that time. The antipode is at 21S 60W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and Bolivia and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 11, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5300 0216 0223 0228 C4.2 (November 11, 2025) 2.3E-03
5330 0248 0255 0258 C2.9 (November 11, 2025) 1.6E-03
5350 0315 0325 0330 C3.7 (November 11, 2025) 2.8E-03
Barbados M 5.0 03:28 UT
5370 0346 0354 0404 C2.8 (November 11, 2025) 2.8E-03
5380 0422 0435 0438 C3.5 (November 11, 2025) 3.0E-03
Greenland Sea M 3.8 04:32 UT
5410 0623 0628 0632 C4.6 (November 11, 2025) 2.1E-03
Northern Nevada M 2.6 06:23 UT
5420 0639 0645 0650 C3.8 (November 11, 2025) 2.2E-03
5430 0732 0741 0747 C4.8 (November 11, 2025) 3.2E-03
Southern Peru M 4.8 07:45 UT
5440 0802 0809 0813 M1.4 (November 11, 2025) 5.7E-03
5450 0833 0838 0843 C6.8 (November 11, 2025) 3.2E-03
Kamchatka M 4.9 08:29 UT
5520 0949 1001 1251 X5.1 (November 11, 2025) 3.9E-01
Tarapaca M 4.6 10:32 UT M 4.0 10:35 UT
Honshu M 4.6 M 4.7 12:03 UT
Guerrero M 4.1 11:35 UT
5660 1532 1536 1540 C2.7 (November 11, 2025) 1.4E-03
State of Yap, Micronesia M 4.7 15:34 UT
5670 1651 1658 1704 C4.2 (November 11, 2025) 2.4E-03
El Salvador M 4.0 16:54 UT
Fiji M 4.3 16:56 UT
5710 2215 2221 2225 C2.9 (November 11, 2025) 1.3E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 13-14 severe storms November 12. Solar M-flare chance: 75% X-class: 35% proton storm: 99%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 7 8 4 11:00 4 131 168
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
November 11, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A major solar flare of X5.1 occurred today (November 11, 2025). This is the
strongest solar flare in more than a year. Previous flares of high X-class
were recorded on October 1, 2024 (4540 X7.1); October 3, 2024 (5530 X9.0) and
May 14, 2024 (X8.7).
SWPC gives the following initial parameters for this flare:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0949 1004 1140 X5.1 (November 11, 2025) 3.9E-01 *
This flare maximized around 10:00 UT. Longitudes at local solar noon are near
30 East and include the active region western Turkey and Greece while those
at local solar midnight are near 150 West and include areas of southern Alaska
near Anchorage and Hawaii. These are the most likely areas to see significant
seismicity following today's flare of X5.1.
In an interesting side note, three solar flares of X-class have occurred
in the past three days - an X1.7 (4640) on November 9 at 06:54-08:43; an
X1.2 (4950) on November 10 at 08:55 - 10:19 UT and today's 09:49 - 11:40 UT (approximate).
These are occurring slightly more than 25 hours apart. Should this continue
a further X-class flare might be expected on November 12 around 1200 UT.
At this writing the most conspicuous earthquakes associated in time with
this X5.1 flare are occurring in the area of Tarapaca, Chile with events
of M 4.8 and M 4.6. These are also near the antipode of Typhoon Fung-Wong
south of Taiwan and could be promoted by energy from both sourcs.
O: 11NOV2025 10:35:08 19.4S 69.1W ML=4.8 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
O: 11NOV2025 10:32:45 19.4S 69.2W ML=4.6 EMSC TARAPACA, CHILE
An M 1.4 was also recorded by NEIC near the peak of this flare in the
aftershock sequence in the San Francisco Bay area as:
O: 11NOV2025 10:26:31 37.8N 121.9W ML=1.4 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA
O: 11NOV2025 12:12:13 37.6N 122.5W ML=1.0 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA
Larger earthquakes associated with this flare are expected within hours.
A strong enhancement (above SWPC alert levels) in electron flux beginning
about 10:20 UT near the peak of the X5.1 solar flare. This is a very
quick response and may not be related to the solar flare although this
sudden electron flux is highly unusual.
Proton Flux via GOES and SWPC saw a major proton storm begin with the X5.1
solar flare at satellite altitudes. This storm which started about 10:00 UT reached
and surpassed the SWPC 10 MeV warning Threshold and continued to more than
100 Mev within several hours. The combined effects of the electron and
proton storm with the X5.1 flare makes the current forecasting of seismicity
uncertain as each affects seismicity in different ways. It will be of
particular interest to watch global seismicity in the next several hours
to see which effects is predominant - the weakening effect of the proton storm
or the strengthening effect of the flare. These may cancel each other out
or delay subsequent seismic events.
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 4.5 in the Near Islands, Aleutians, Alaska region.
NEIC reported it may have been felt with intensity up to II in the epicentral
area.
O: 10NOV2025 18:51:48 51.1N 174.7E MB=4.5 EMSC NEAR ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
The largest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.0 aftershock northeast of
Honshu, Japan. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in Sendai, Miyagi, and Hakodate, Hokkaido and in Niigata, Japan.
This is an aftershock of the M 6.8 event in Honshu, Japan of November 9, 2025.
The mainshock and related activity have been extensively discussed in previous
issues of this summary. Readers are referred to the issue of November 9, 2025
for further details.
O: 10NOV2025 08:37:23 39.7N 143.5E MB=4.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPA
O: 10NOV2025 20:44:13 39.3N 143.7E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 07:22:17 39.6N 143.5E mb=5.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 10NOV2025 07:23:18 39.6N 143.4E Mw=6.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 10NOV2025 07:42:49 39.6N 143.5E mb=4.7 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 10NOV2025 09:59:01 39.6N 143.3E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 11NOV2025 12:03:08 39.6N 143.2E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 08:24:48 39.7N 143.5E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
The second largest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.4 in the Antofagasta region
of northern Chile. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Antofagasta; III in Tocopilla and II in Iquique, Tarapaca, Chile.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Antofagasta, San Pedro de Atacama and Iquique, Chile.
This is the strongest earthquake in the area of Antofagasta within about
200 km since an M 6.1 on March 6, 2025 about 100 km east of today's
epicenter. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.1 in Antofagasta, Chile.
NEIC reported it was felt in Antofagasta, Chile with maximum intensity VI in Calama and V in Antofagasta and Tocopilla. Also felt with intensity III in Copiapo, Atacama, Iquique, Tarapaca and Santiago, Chile.
This is the strongest earthquake in the world since the M 7.6 in the Cayman Islands
of February 8, 2025. ...
This is the strongest earthquake in Antofagasta, Chile within about 200 km
since an M 7.4 on 19, 2024. At the time this summary noted:
"A major earthquake of M 7.7 hit near this area on April 4, 2014 but this is the strongest earthquake in the Antofagasta region og Chile since
similar events of M 6.1 on July 27 and 28, 2022. AT the time this summary noted:
"Two strong earthquake occurred in northern Chile today. These included an M 6.2 in eastern Antofagasta, northern Chile which was felt with intensity V in Calama, IV in Antofagasta, Iquique, and Bolivia and II-III in Arica, Copiapo, and Valparaiso, Chile.
This was followed later in the day by an M 6.1 in Antofagasta which was felt with maximum intensity VII in Antofagasta in Tocopilla, with IV in Calaman, Antofagasta and Iquique and II-III in Moquegua, Arequipa.
This activity is near the antipode of the M 7.0 which occurred in Luzon, Philippines
on July 27, 2022 and had been anticipated in this summary in the previous issue as:
"The antipode to this earthquake (in Luzon, Philippines) is at 18S 60W in northern South America. Enhanced
seismicity in this area from Chile to Peru and Bolivia is likely in the next
several days due to antipodal focusing of energy from the event in Luzon." (July 27, 2022)
It is likely that this activity in northern Chile was also promoted by the new moon
which arrives on July 28 as it occurred near the longitude and hour or maximum
tidal stresses as noted in this and previous issues of this summary
...
The last earthquake in Antofagasta, Chile within about 200 km of today's activity
occurred on September 11, 2020 with M 6.3. A major M 7.6 hit north of this on April 3, 2014
and and M 7.7 hit near today's activity on November 14, 2007." (July 28, 2022, July 19, 2024, March 6, 2025)
Today's epicenter is located at 145 degrees (node 5) from the M 6.9 in Honshu, Japan
and near the antipode of Typhoon Fung-Wong and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 10NOV2025 10:49:31 23.4S 70.3W MW=5.4 EMSC ANTOFAGASTA, CHILE
O: 11NOV2025 07:02:45 23.7S 68.7W ML=4.2 EMSC ANTOFAGASTA, CHILE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 in Antigua and Barbuda was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Antigua and Barbuda in Saint Peter at Parham.
O: 11NOV2025 03:28:37 13.8N 58.5W MW=5.0 EMSC BARBADOS REGION, WINDWARD ISL.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.7 in Utah was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Utah with III in Tremonton and II in Layton and Snowville.
O: 11NOV2025 02:30:07 41.9N 112.4W ML=2.7 EMSC UTAH
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.9 in Southern California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern California in Imperial and Brawley.
O: 11NOV2025 00:37:48 33.0N 115.8W ML=2.8 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 11NOV2025 00:37:48 33.0N 115.8W ML=2.9 NEIC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in North Island, New Zealand was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of North Island, New Zealand at Napier, Hawke's Bay and in Palmerston North, Manawatu-Wanganui.
O: 10NOV2025 18:51:31 38.9S 175.1E MB=4.6 EMSC NORTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in Western Turkey was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Western Turkey with III in Izmir, Silivri, Istanbul and II in Bursa, Balikesir and Menderes.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Turkey at Sindirgi, Bigadic, Gordes, Akhisar, Savastepe, Balikesir, Soma among others.
O: 10NOV2025 18:20:52 39.2N 28.1E ML=4.9 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 10NOV2025 21:02:55 39.2N 28.1E ML=4.3 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 11NOV2025 01:54:23 39.2N 28.2E Mw=4.1 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 11NOV2025 03:08:50 39.2N 28.2E Mw=4.0 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.6 in San Francisco Bay, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of San Francisco Bay, California with III in Hayward, Oakland, Walnut Creek, Pleasanton, San Ramon and II in Dublin, and Danville.
O: 10NOV2025 18:03:25 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.5 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 10NOV2025 18:03:25 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.6 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 11NOV2025 01:09:14 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.2 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.8 in Central Alaska was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Central Alaska with III in Talkeetna, and II in Chugiak, Anchorage, Palmer, Wasilla, Kenai, Eagle River and Willow.
O: 10NOV2025 07:23:57 62.2N 149.7W ML=3.8 EMSC CENTRAL ALASKA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TYPHOON FUNG-WONG (DEPRESSION 32W)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH FUNG-WONG 2025-11-11 00:00 UT 20.6N 119.1E 65 kts South of Taiwan
Typhoon Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region south of Taiwan with winds up to 50 kts and gusts to 65 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. It made landfall today as a typhoon with winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan and perhaps as far north as Honshu, Japan at that time. The antipode is at 21S 62W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and Bolivia and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 9, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0949 1004 1140 X5.1 (November 11, 2025) 3.9E-01 *
4860 0335 0343 0347 C2.6 (November 10, 2025) 1.5E-03
4870 0359 0410 0429 C2.6 (November 10, 2025) 4.3E-03
4880 0524 0530 0535 C2.3 (November 10, 2025) 1.5E-03
4910 0642 0651 0706 C2.8 (November 10, 2025) 4.6E-03
Western Turkey M 4.7 06:42 UT
4950 0855 0919 1019 X1.2 (November 10, 2025) 4.2E-01
Argentina M 4.9 09:10 UT
New Guinea M 4.4 09:19 UT
Banda Sea M 4.3 09:24 UT
Honshu M 5.2 09:59 UT
5040 1407 1418 1429 C6.0 (November 10, 2025) 7.0E-03
Greenland Sea M 4.1 14:12 UT, M 4.5 14:18 UT M 4.2 14:19 UT
5060 1451 1458 1508 C3.8 (November 10, 2025) 4.0E-03
5070 1511 1522 1530 C7.8 (November 10, 2025) 7.0E-03
So. Greece M 4.1 15:23 UT
Norwegian Sea M 4.3 15:24 UT
Western Turkey M 3.9 15:20 UT
5080 1615 1623 1626 C2.4 (November 10, 2025) 2.2E-03
5110 1626 1631 1637 C2.9 (November 10, 2025) 2.3E-03
5120 1637 1642 1645 C3.2 (November 10, 2025) 1.8E-03
5090 1708 1715 1725 C3.0 (November 10, 2025) 3.1E-03
Northern Mid-Atlantic M 4.9 17:37 UT
5100 1752 1813 1824 C5.3 (November 10, 2025) 7.7E-03
San Francisco M 2.5 18:03 UT
Western Turkey M 4.9 18:20 UT
5130 1902 1909 1911 C4.5 (November 10, 2025) 2.1E-03
Banda Sea M 4.9 19:14 UT
5150 1946 1957 2003 M1.5 (November 10, 2025) 8.2E-03
5190 2218 2221 2225 C5.8 (November 10, 2025) 2.6E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: major storms November 11 minor storms November 13 severe storms November 12. Solar M-flare chance: 75% X-class: 35% proton storm: 99%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 14 24 9 19:00 6 128 180
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 10, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A series of light earthquakes shook the San Francisco Bay, California area today.
The largest of these was an M 3.8 according to NEIC. NEIC reported it and other
events in the area today were widely felt in the San Francisco Bay area. Intensity IV
was reported from San Ramon, Diablo, Danville, San Mateo, San Ramon and Dublin with III in Palo Alto, Berkeley, Pleasanton, San Leandro, Discovery Bay, Daly City, Lafayette, Alamo, Oakland, Fremont, Livermore, San Leandro, Concord, Richmond, Benicia, Miliptas, San Francisco, Alameda, Hercules, San Lorenzo, Oakland, Emeryville, Union city, Concord, among others.
This is the strongest earthquake in the region of the San Francisco Bay area
of California since an M 4.3 northwest of this epicenter on September 22, 2025
but the last earthquake nearer to this epicenter of M>=3.8 was an M 3.9 on March 18, 2025
with these two earthquakes the only such event in the area in the past year.
At the time of the M 4.3 on September 22, 2025, this summary noted in part:
"Today's earthquake of M 4.3 in San Francisco, California is the strongest
recorded within about 50 km of San Francisco since an M 4.5 two years ago on
October 15, 2019. At the time this summary noted:
"The activity in San Francisco began several hours before local solar midnight
and was probably promoted by strong tidal stresses associated with the full moon
...
The last event in the San Francisco Bay area within about 75 km of today's epicenter
which exceeded M 4.5 occurred on August 24, 2014 when an M 6.0 hit the Napa area.
The last within the San Francisco Bay area was an M 5.6 more than 11 years ago on October 31, 2007." (October 15, 2019)
The last earthquake felt in this area of San Francisco (M 3.3) occurred on September 15 at the beginning of the strong geomagnetic storm aand
was noted in this summary as:
"A light earthquake of M 3.3 was widely felt in the San Francisco, California area today. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in Central California at Danville, Antioch, Brentwood, Clayton, Concord, Pittsburg, San Ramon, Walnut Creek, Novato and Santa Rosa with II shking in Salinas, Mountain View, San Francisco, Discovery Bay, Concord, Hayward, Livermore, Oakley, Dublin, San Ramon, Walnut Creek, Oakland, Santa Clara, Stockton, Oakdale, Wilton and Sacramento.
EMSC reported a quick shake in California at Antioch, Pittsburg, Clayton, Brentwood, Bay Point, Waldon, and Concord.
This event occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted by tidal
stresses which maximize near this hour. The last event within about 50 km
of this epicenter in the San Francisco, California area with M>=3.2 occurred
on June 9, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"A light M 3.2 was widely felt today in the area of San Francisco, California. NEIC receieved nearly 5000 felt reports from this event. These include maximum intensity IV in Half Moon Bay, Crockett, Hercules, Pinole, Port Costa, Rodeo, Berkeley, El Sobrante and III in Miramonte, Redwood City, Sunnyvale, San Francisco, San Mateo, American Canyon, Benicia, El Cerrito, Fairfield, Martinez, Napa, Orinda, Vallejo, Oakland, Albany, Richmond, San Pablo, San Rafael, Fairfax, Mill Valley, San Jose, Daly City, among others." (June 9, 2025, September 22, 2025)
The area of San Francisco was at exactly midnight local solar time when the
X1.7 flare occurred earlier in the day. This had been noted in the previous
issue of this summary as:
"It is of some interest that the X1.7 flare which appears to have triggered the
M 6.8 in Northern Honshu, Japan occurred while the area of San Francisco
and the western U.S. was near local solar midnight. This summary has
argued on several recent previous occasions that such a flare could trigger
a moderate earthquake in that area. Readers should be aware of this possibility
in the next several days. This was noted on October 26 issue of this
summary as:
"NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in Big Sur.
This continues a series of light earthquakes in Central California over the
past several days which has included a series in northern and southern San
Francisco Bay. As these events area located near 103 degrees from the
recent earthquakes in Mindanao and Leyte of M>7 it is likely they are
being promoted by energy from those sources. A moderate to strong earthquake
in this area of California is still considered likely in the near future.
Such a quake is most likely near local solar noon or midnight in conjuction
with a strong M- or X-class solar flare." (October 26, 2025, November 9, 2025)
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
4640 0654 0733 0843 X1.7 (November 9, 2025) 3.2E-01 *
Honshu M 6.8 08:03 UT
Andreanof Is. M 4.0 07:49 UT
Honshu M 4.5 07:36 UT
Ryukyu M 3.7 07:34 UT
Spain M 2.8 07:29 UT
Santa Barbara M 2.5 07:16 UT
Oaxaca M 4.5 07:06 UT
Taiwan M 4.1 07:01 UT
4720 1651 XXXX 1735 RSP (November 9, 2025) 4.4E-03
4730 1748 1807 1810 C3.4 (November 9, 2025) 4.4E-03
San Francisco M 2.3 18:00 UT M 2.3 17:48 UT M 3.8 17:39 UT
It is likely that the mainshock was promoted by SFE related to these
two solar flares.
This epicenter may also have been promoted by energy from the landfall of
Fung-Wong 100 degrees away and by the M 6.9 in Honshu, Japan which is at
the fifth node (72 degrees) from San Francisco. Major earthquakes in
Central Philippines of recent occurrence at 102-103 degrees from San Francisco
may also have helped promote today's earthquakes in Central California.
O: 09NOV2025 17:38:45 37.8N 122.0W ML=3.8 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 17:38:45 37.8N 122.0W ML=3.6 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 17:39:35 37.8N 121.9W ML=3.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 17:41:20 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.9 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 17:42:16 37.8N 122.0W MD=2.4 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 17:44:22 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.1 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 17:48:08 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.3 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 18:00:49 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.3 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 18:18:14 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.6 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 18:42:25 37.8N 121.9W ML=3.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 19:22:55 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.3 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 19:40:48 37.8N 121.9W MD=2.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 09NOV2025 19:50:34 37.8N 121.9W MD=3.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
A strong M 6.9 earthquake occurred off northeastern Honshu, Japan today. It was
followed by an M 6.4 and an M 6.0 aftershock. This activity was discussed
in depth in the previous issue of this summary and readers are referred to
that issue for further details.
Following is a preliminary listing of earthquakes in this series today with
M>=4.0 as listed by EMSC.
These epicenters are at 30.0 degrees from the landfall of Typhoon Fung-Wong, possibly
significant as discussed in the previous issue of this summary:
"These epicenters are at 103 degrees from the South Geomagnetic pole and may
have been promoted by the strong geomagnetic storms currently in progress.
They are also at the 12th node (30.0 degrees) from the point of landfall
of Typhoon Fung-Wong in central Philippines which occurred about the time of
these events in Honshu. Readers may recall that this summary has emphasized
the distance from landfall storms as being often at 60 degrees separation
from unusual and strong simultaneous earthquakes. This distance from
the landfall of Kung-Wong at half this distance (30.0 degrees) is likely
significant as it is related to the sixth node. Harmonics of a vibrating
earth could explain this relationship." (November 9, 2025)
Far-Field triggering from the M 6.9 off northeastern Honshu today include:
Outer shadow zone edge (142-150 degrees)
Japan to Antofagasta, Chile
Node 3 (120 degrees)
Japan to Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, Panama, Guadelope, Azores
Inner shadow zone edge (101-108 degrees)
Japan to El Salvador, Chiapas, Guatemala, Gibraltar
Node 4 (90 degrees)
Japan to Arkansas, Texas, Quebec, Arkansas, New Zealand, central Mediterrean, Ethiopia, Gulf of California
Node 5 (72 degrees)
Japan to California-Nevada border, Central California, Yellowstone, Iran, Tonga,
Node 6 (60 degrees)
Japan to Afghanistan, Hawaii, Vancouver, SE Alaska, Sumatra, Santa Cruz Is,
Node 7 (51.4 degrees)
Japan to Andaman Is, Central Indonesia,
Node 8 (45 degrees)
Japan to Solomon Islands
Node 9 (40 degrees)
Japan to Papua New Guinea, New Britain
O: 10NOV2025 03:00:20 39.2N 143.0E MW=5.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:14:53 39.3N 143.4E Mw=5.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 11:11:24 39.3N 143.6E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 12:15:47 39.3N 143.3E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 22:04:14 39.3N 143.6E Mw=5.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 01:20:51 39.3N 143.5E Mw=5.3 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 06:18:40 39.3N 143.5E mb=4.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:49:50 39.4N 143.3E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 09:16:59 39.4N 143.3E mb=5.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 09:52:43 39.4N 143.4E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 16:42:26 39.4N 143.7E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:03:38 39.5N 143.3E Mw=6.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 08:34:02 39.5N 143.4E Mw=5.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 09:10:48 39.5N 143.4E Mw=5.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 09:21:35 39.5N 143.4E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 11:31:46 39.5N 143.6E mb=4.3 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 15:23:06 39.5N 143.4E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 15:44:21 39.5N 143.3E mb=4.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 00:40:08 39.5N 143.2E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 07:36:20 39.6N 143.3E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 08:11:27 39.6N 143.1E mb=5.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 08:54:37 39.6N 143.3E Mw=6.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 10:25:02 39.6N 143.4E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 13:50:15 39.6N 143.4E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 15:30:55 39.6N 143.3E mb=4.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 15:46:47 39.6N 143.2E mb=5.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 15:58:09 39.6N 143.3E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 18:28:39 39.6N 143.1E mb=4.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 07:22:17 39.6N 143.5E mb=5.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 07:23:18 39.6N 143.4E Mw=6.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 07:42:49 39.6N 143.5E mb=4.7 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 10NOV2025 09:59:01 39.6N 143.3E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 09:28:24 39.7N 143.3E Mw=5.7 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 13:14:30 39.7N 143.6E mb=4.3 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 09NOV2025 22:41:29 39.7N 143.2E mb=4.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 14:41:14 39.8N 143.3E mb=4.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 10NOV2025 01:55:15 39.8N 143.4E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
An earthquake of M 5.1 occurred today in southern Taiwan. NEIC reported it was felt with
intensity III in Taiwan in Shanhwa, Tainan, Huwei, Yunlin, Taichung and Chiali and II in Kaohsiung and Taipei, Taiwan.
The local network reported it was felt with with intensity IV in Kaohsiung, an Tainan; III in Chiayi, Pingtung, Yunlin, Hualien, and II in Taitung, Nantou, Changhua, Taichung and Penghu Counties, Taiwan.
It is likely that this earthquake was promoted by the landfall of Typhoon Fung-Wong
just to the south of this epicenter about the time of this event in Taiwan. This
had been expected in this and previous issues of this summary as:
"Typhoon Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region of central Philippines winds up to 105 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. It made landfall today as a typhoon with winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan and perhaps as far north as Honshu, Japan at that time. The antipode is at 17S 62W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and Bolivia and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time." (November 8-10, 2025)
O: 10NOV2025 05:00:48 23.2N 120.7E mb=5.1 EMSC TAIWAN
O: 10NOV2025 05:00:48 23.2N 120.7E mb=5.3 CWB TAIWAN
NEIC reported earthquake of M 4.7, M 4.7 and M 4.3 in Western Turkey were felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Western Turkey in Silivri and Sile.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Turkey at Sindirgi, Gordes, Demirci, Akhisar, Cagis, Soma, Savastepe, Balikesir among others.
O: 10NOV2025 06:41:41 39.1N 28.3E MB=4.7 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 09NOV2025 08:58:51 39.2N 28.0E ML=4.3 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 10NOV2025 02:48:58 39.2N 28.1E ML=4.7 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.7 in Southern Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern Alaska with III in Homer, and II in Soldotna and Eagle River.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.4 in Guam was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Guam with IV in Barrigada, Mongmong, Yona, Tamuning, Yigo, Santa Rita, Merizo, Sanajana and III in Rota, MP, and Hagatna, Guam.
This appears to be an aftershock of the M 5.9 in Guam of November 4, 2025.
This may have been promoted by the passage of Typhoon Fung-Wong several
days ago over Guam as reported in this summary at the time:
"TS Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region southwest of Guam with winds up to 50 kts. It could help promote moderate additional seismicity in Guam in the next day following an M 5.9 and M 4.8 earlier. It is then expected to track to the northwest making landfall in the Philippines around November 9-10as a major typhoon with winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan at that time. The antipode is at 10S 40W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time." (November 7, 2025)
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in northern Peru was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of northern Peru in Huanchanco, La Libertad.
O: 09NOV2025 13:42:13 8.5S 79.4W MB=4.8 EMSC NEAR COAST OF NORTHERN PERU
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 4.8 in the
eastern Andreanof Islands. NEIC reported it was probably felt in this region
with intensity up to IV but this was not confirmed.
The event occurred shortly after the X1.7 flare near local solar midnight and was probably promoted
by energy from that source. The last earthquake of M>=4.8 within about
200 km of this epicenter in the Alaskan Aleutian Islands occurred
on September 16, 2025 which in turn was an aftershock of an M 6.0 abouot 200 km
east of today's epicenter on September 3, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 6.0 in the Fox Islands, Aleutians, Alaska. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Nikolski, Alaska.
Foreshocks of M M 4.2 and M 5.0 occurred to the west of this event and were lightly felt in this epicentral area.
The mainshock occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted by
tidal and/or geeomagnetic effects which maximize near this hour.
This is the strongest earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter since
an M 6.0 on July 19, 2024. The last of larger magnitude in this area was an
M 6.6 on January 11, 2022." (September 3, 2025)
This activity is near the sixth node from the landfall position of Fung-Wong
and may have been promoted by energy from that source. A similar event of M 4.3 in Vanuatu
was also located today at the sixth node from Fung-Wong and from the M 6.8
in Japan and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 09NOV2025 09:52:37 52.0N 171.4W ML=3.7 EMSC FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
O: 09NOV2025 09:36:50 52.1N 171.3W mb=4.8 EMSC FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
O: 09NOV2025 14:20:54 52.1N 171.4W ML=3.9 EMSC FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
O: 10NOV2025 02:23:53 52.1N 171.4W ML=3.5 EMSC FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
O: 09NOV2025 12:05:36 52.2N 171.5W ML=4.0 EMSC FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TYPHOON FUNG-WONG (DEPRESSION 32W)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH FUNG-WONG 2025-11-10 00:00 UT 17.3N 120.2E 105 kts Central Philippines
Typhoon Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region of central Philippines winds up to 105 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. It made landfall today as a typhoon with winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan and perhaps as far north as Honshu, Japan at that time. The antipode is at 17S 62W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and Bolivia and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 9, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0850 0930 1200 X1.1 (November 10, 2025) 1.1E-01 *
New Guinea M 4.4 09:19 UT
Banda Sea M 4.3 09:24 UT
Argentina M 4.9 09:10 UT
Antofagasta M 5.4 10:49 UT
Honshu M 5.2 09:59 UT
4540 0133 0138 0142 C1.9 (November 9, 2025) 1.1E-03 *
Oregon M 3.2 01:37 UT
El Salvador M 4.9 01:49 UT
New Zealand M 4.4 01:58 UT
4560 0329 0335 0339 C1.9 (November 9, 2025) 1.2E-03
4580 0357 0414 0430 C6.2 (November 9, 2025) 9.0E-03
Hokkaido M 4.5 04:16 UT
Chiapas M 4.3 04:26 UT
4610 0536 0542 0555 C4.2 (November 9, 2025) 4.7E-03
4640 0654 0733 0843 X1.7 (November 9, 2025) 3.2E-01 *
Honshu M 6.8 08:03 UT
Andreanof Is. M 4.0 07:49 UT
Honshu M 4.5 07:36 UT
Ryukyu M 3.7 07:34 UT
Spain M 2.8 07:29 UT
Santa Barbara M 2.5 07:16 UT
Oaxaca M 4.5 07:06 UT
Taiwan M 4.1 07:01 UT
4680 1319 1326 1331 C1.9 (November 9, 2025) 1.4E-03
4690 1503 1509 1512 C1.6 (November 9, 2025) 8.7E-04
Kamchatka M 4.6 15:13 UT
4700 1549 1556 1600 C1.4 (November 9, 2025) 1.2E-03
Honshu M 4.6 15:58 UT M 5.0 15:57 YT
4710 1600 1607 1613 C1.6 (November 9, 2025) 1.4E-03
Argentina M 4.8 16:00 UT
4720 1651 XXXX 1735 RSP (November 9, 2025) 4.4E-03
4730 1748 1807 1810 C3.4 (November 9, 2025) 4.4E-03
San Francisco M 2.3 18:00 UT M 2.3 17:48 UT M 3.8 17:39 UT
Southern California M 2.0 17:58 UT
4740 1810 1835 1848 C5.4 (November 9, 2025) 1.1E-02
South Island, NZ M 4.1 18:17 UT
San Francisco M 2.6 18:18 UT
4770 2229 2236 2239 C1.7 (November 9, 2025) 9.9E-04
Gulf of California M 3.8 22:29 UT
Honshu M 4.9 22:41 UT
Guam M 5.4 22:53 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: major storms November 10-11 severe storms November 12. Solar M-flare chance: 75% X-class: 35% proton storm: 99%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 8 7 7 08:00 3 126 176
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 9, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
UPDATE:
A strong to major earthquake of M 6.8-7.0 has just occurred off the northeastern
coast of Honshu, Japan. Earthquakes of this size often generate a moderate
tsunami so residents are advised to avoid coastal areas at this time.
This earthquake was apparently triggered by a strong X1.7 class solar flare
as it occurred as this flare just past maximum output. Data from SWPC
for this flare follow.
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0701 0735 0810 X1.7 (November 9, 2025) 3.2e-01 *
Northeastern Honshu, Japan M 6.8 08:03 UT
This activity in northern Honshu, Japan may also have been promoted by the
tidal stresses with the full moon of November 5, 2025 as it occurs near
the longitude of maximum stress with that alignment. This was noted in
previous issues of this summary as:
"The full moon will arrive on November 5, 2025 at 13:19 UT. This is the closest
super-moon of the year (the moon is closest to earth at this time). Tidal stresses
will be exceptionally high and could lead to considerable seismic enhancement next week.
Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time are in the central Atlantic near 30 West longitude including the mid-Atlantic Ridge and Iceland while those at anti-solar positions are
near 150 East Longitude and include areas of eastern Indonesia, Kamchatka, Japan. These
are most likely to see tidal promotion of seismicity at this time but many areas
can see enhanced seismicity with the full moon which are not sub- or anti-solar.
Global seismicity is expected to moderate to moderately high November 3-8, 2025." (October 29-31, 2025)
This earthquake is the strongest in the area within about 200 km of this epicenter
since an M 7.0 on July 10, 2011. An M 7.3 on March 16, 2022 about 300 km southwest
of today's epicenter was the last such regional event. At the time this
summary noted:
"A major earthquake of M 7.3 off the east coast of Honshu, Japan followed an M 6.4 minutes earlier.
Today's mainshock killed four in Fukushima, Japan and did minor damage
throughout the area. More than 97 were injured in this earthquake but millions
lost power. Some trains came off their tracks but no injuries
were reported with these incidents. High Speed trains were temporarily
shut down. A tsunami warning was issued and waves of up to 20 cm were
reported. No damage was reported at nuclear facilities with these earthquakes. Some
residents of Fukushima were evacuated for fear of tsunamis. This is the strongest earthquake in this area since a similar M 7.3 on February 13, 2021.
An M 9.3+ earthquake shook this area and triggered a major Pacific-wide tsunami
NEIC reported maximum intensity IX with the M 7.3 with damage was felt in Namie, Fukushima with VIII in Haramachi, Soma, Watan, Natori, Shiogama, Miyagi and lesser shaking throughout most of eastern Honshu, Japan.
The M 6.5 foreshock was reported with maximum intensity VII in Miyagi and V in Fukushima
with lesser shaking in Chiba, Saitama, and Tokyo Prefectures, Japan.
These earthquakes occurred within a couple of minutes of local solar midnight and were probably
promoted by strong tidal and geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this
hour. Today's earthquake followed a major geomagnetic storm of the past
three days. A series of M-class solar flares have been occurring over
the past day and a moderate geomagnetic sudden commencement storm began about
14:00 UT today, coincident with the earthquakes in Japan and may have
helped trigger this activity. The previous description of this geomagnetic
storm in this summary was:
"The geomagnetic field saw disturbed conditions today. The AP level was 14. High latitude geomagnetic field was also disturbed with AP 10. This continues the strongest geomagnetic storm since November 4, 2021 when planetary AP reached 69 and high latitude AP was 131. High latitude geomagnetic field saw major storm conditions with AP 65. This may be followed by enhanced seismicity near the geomagnetic equator and at high latitudes. SWPC expected a major geomagnetic storm is likely March 14. This could bring enhanced global seismicity including the possibility of a strong earthquake." (March 13-15, 2022)
As noted at the time of the last moderate earthquakes in this region of Japan,
seismic activity in this region is often triggered by unusually strong solar
flares. On February 15 and X2.2 flare was followed by events of M 5.4 and 5.7
at the same epicenter as today's earthquake, events which were foreshocks
to those of today. At the time we noted:
"A pair of moderate earthquakes also occurred north of Indonesia in
the area off the east coast of Honshu, Japan today with M 5.4, 5.7.
These earthquake were well offshore and were not reported felt on
the Japanese mainland. This epicenter was also subsolar during the great
X2.2 flare today. Japan often shows strong triggering with major
flares on the sun. The timing places the earthquake occurring four minutes
after flare 7180, a C1.7 flare." (February 15, 2011)
As with the foreshocks of February 15, the mainshock today occurred about 15 minutes after local solar noon (sub-solar).
At exactly local solar noon the largest solar flare of the day, a C6.4 class solar flare
occurred which may have been the immediate trigger for this earthquake.
The largest flare since the X2.2 on February 15 occurred several hours
earlier on March 8 as an M3.7 flare (#1830). The sun has been at its most
active state since February 15 with at least six M-class solar flares in
the past two days." February 14-15, 2021)
In previous issues of this summary seismicity which may have been foreshocks
to today's large events was noted for example as:
"Areas which are particularly sensitive to geomagnetic storms and strong solar
flares include many areas in the western Pacific subduction zone including
Japan. Recent moderate earthquakes occurred off eastern Honshu, Japan with M 4.8
on March 11 and M 5.1 on March 4, 2022. These areas are likely to continue to see strong seismicity in
the next several days. " (March 14-15, 2022).
The last earthquake off the eastern coast of Honshu, Japan of M>=7.3 occurred
on February 13, 2021. At the time this summary noted in regard to far-field triggering:
"Far-field triggering is possible from the M 7.1 in Japan today. Areas at 144 degrees
include the South Shetland Islands, northern Chile and southern Peru; near 103 degrees
in central and western Mexico, the Madeira Islands, southern Spain, Madagascar, Mayotte,
at 120 degrees (node 3) at Panama and Costa Rica and Puerto Rico; at 90 degrees (node 4)
at Oklahoma and Texas, South Island, New Zealand; at 72 degrees (node 5) in Central and northern
California, Iceland, Crotia, eastern Europe and Turkey, Fiji, Tonga, Loyalty Islands; in
western Indonesia at 60 degrees (node 6); in Tajikistan, Indonesia, Philippines at node 7 (51 degrees)
and in New Britain, Xizang, Alaska Peninsula at node 8 (45 degrees)." (February 13-14, 2021)
The last earthquake off the east coast of Honshu, Japan with M>=7.3 was an
M 7.2-7.3 on February 13, 2021 near today's epicenter. The last of larger
magnitude within about 300 km of today's epicenter was an M 7.3 on December 7, 2012
and prior to that the M 9.1 on March 11, 2011. At M 7.4 this is the strongest
aftershock in this region since the great earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011." (March 17, 2022)
The strong geomagnetic storm continued today with the highest value of K
7 at high latitudes near 08:00 UT. This storm gradually diminished throughout
the day and renewed global seismicity increasingly seems likely to follow
today and tomorrow.
An M 4.9 earthquake occurred yesterday in the area off the east coast of northern
Honshu, Japan. This is an area where a strong earthquake could occur in conjunction
with Typhoon Fung-Wong as it is located at the 12th node from the eye of that
storm (30.0 degrees). Honshu, Japan often sees triggered seismicity near local noon with major solar flares. Such a flare at this time
could help trigger a large regional earthquake. For example on November 4, 2025 a flare of X1.1 was immediately
followed by an M 4.5 in northeastern Honshu with the following parameters
setting off the current series in the region.
NEIC reported slight damage with the M 6.8 today and that it was felt with
intensity IV in Akita, Japan and II-III in Tokyo and Sendai, Miyagi.
The mainshock was reported felt with intensity V in Aomori at Misawa; in Iwate at Yamada, and in Hakodate, Hokkaido; IV in Numata, Gunma, and III in Tokyo, and in Miyagi at Furukawa, Sendai, Koriyama, Fukushima, Morioka and Nakashibetsu.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Japan at Morioka, Kazuno, Urayasu, Tokyo, and Yuzhno-Kurilsk.
These epicenters are at 103 degrees from the South Geomagnetic pole and may
have been promoted by the strong geomagnetic storms currently in progress.
They are also at the 12th node (30.0 degrees) from the point of landfall
of Typhoon Fung-Wong in central Philippines which occurred about the time of
these events in Honshu. Readers may recall that this summary has emphasized
the distance from landfall storms as being often at 60 degrees separation
from unusual and strong simultaneous earthquakes. This distance from
the landfall of Kung-Wong at half this distance (30.0 degrees) is likely
significant as it is related to the sixth node. Harmonics of a vibrating
earth could explain this relationship. JMA expected minor tsunami heights
of up to 1 meter with the mainshock but at this writing none had been observed.
O: 09NOV2025 08:14:53 39.3N 143.4E MW=5.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 09:16:58 39.3N 143.2E mb=5.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 11:11:25 39.3N 143.5E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 08NOV2025 08:13:21 39.4N 143.4E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 08NOV2025 21:04:16 39.4N 143.4E Mw=5.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 08NOV2025 22:26:59 39.4N 143.4E mb=5.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 00:17:29 39.4N 143.4E Mw=5.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 02:32:40 39.4N 143.4E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:49:52 39.4N 143.4E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 09:52:43 39.4N 143.4E mb=5.2 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 08NOV2025 10:54:18 39.5N 143.3E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
O: 08NOV2025 20:29:15 39.5N 143.3E Mw=5.3 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 08NOV2025 22:15:09 39.5N 143.3E Mw=5.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 08NOV2025 22:33:48 39.5N 143.3E Mw=5.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:03:38 39.5N 143.3E Mw=6.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:34:02 39.5N 143.4E mb=5.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:54:36 39.5N 143.4E Mw=6.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 09:10:47 39.5N 143.4E Mw=5.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 09:21:35 39.5N 143.4E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 10:25:03 39.5N 143.5E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 07:36:22 39.6N 143.7E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 08:11:27 39.6N 143.1E mb=5.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
O: 09NOV2025 09:28:23 39.6N 143.5E Mw=5.7 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
Another moderately large earthquake today occurred about 1.5 hours before the
mainshock in Honshu, Japan. This event was an M 5.5 in the Andaman Islands, India.
NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands at Bombuflat and II in Port Blair and in Ban Bung Chon Buri, Thailand/
This event occurred near local solar noon and was probably promoted by tidal
and/or geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this hour. The last earthquake
in the Andaman Islands within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=5.5
was an M 5.7 and M 6.1 on July 17, 2020. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today occurred as an M 6.1 in the Andaman Islands, India. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity I-II in Port Blair and Bombuflat, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
The M 6.1 was accompanied by a series of moderate foreshocks and aftershocks
including events of M 4.8 and M 5.6 near local solar midnight, a prime time for tidal triggering.
The Andaman Islands are capable of great earthquakes but the last of M>=6.1
within about 250 km of today's epicenter was an M 6.5 more than 10 years ago
on May 31, 2010. The area was active to the north following the great tsunamigenic
quake of Boxing Day (December 26, 2004) which killed upward toward a quarter million
around the Indian Ocean. Strong quakes followed every two years after that up to 2010
when quiet conditions returned to the region." (July 17, 2020)
Like the strong earthquakes in Honshu, Japan today this event is also located
at 30.0 degrees from the landfall of Typhoon Fung-Wong ( 14.3N 124.2E) and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 09NOV2025 06:38:29 12.5N 93.7E MW=5.5 EMSC ANDAMAN ISLANDS, INDIA REGION
The previous version of today's summary had noted this activity in Honshu as:
Early on November 8 after this summary went to press, a series
of moderate earthquakes occurred in this region including some that were
strongly felt. This epicenter is off the coast and not near populated areas
but a strong regional earthquake following major geomagnetic storms could
bring the possibility of a regional tsunami.
An earthquake of M 5.7 hit near this epicenter on August 21, 2024 and an M 6.0 hit south
of this on October 4, 2025, a month ago. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.0 off the coast of Honshu, Japan. NEIC reported it was felt with maximum intensityV in Fukushima and IV in Shirakawa, Fukushima, Japan. Intensity III was also felt in Chiba Prefecture at Chiba, Narashino, Tomisato; in Koriyama, Fukushima, Oizumi, Gunma, and II in Chiba at Urayasu, Nagaryama, Matsudo.
EMSC reported it was felt with strong shaking in Kamagaya, Tokyo, Japan. JMA reported
maximum shaking of V (Japanese scale) at Ken Hamadori, Fukushima near local solar midnight with intensity II-III throughout most of eastern Honshu, Japan. No tsunami was expected nor observed.
This is the first earthquake of M>=6 off the east coast of Honshu, Japan since
an M 6.1 on April 4, 2024 and an M 6.1 on May 26, 2023. But the last event
within about 250 km of today's epicenter of significantly larger magnitude than
M 6.0 occurred 3.5 years ago as an M 7.3 on March 16, 2022. At the time of the
event on April 4, 2024 this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.1 in the region of eastern Honshu, Japan. NEIC reported it was felt with maximum intensity IV in Minami-Soma, Honshu, Japan.
EMSC reported moderate to strong shaking in Japan at Minuma, Nakahara, Tokyo.
No major damage was reported with this earthquake. The last earthquake of M>=6.1
off the east coast of Honshu, Japan within about 150 km of this epicenter occurred
on March 16, 2022 with M 7.3 - an event which, like today's occurred at the end
of a strong geomagnetic storm. Today's event caused some concern of a repeat
of the March 11, 2011 earthquake and tsunami of M>9. That event however
was probably triggered by several strong X-class flares and the current
solar conditions are quiet, so a repeat appears unlikely at this time.
At the time of March 16, 2022 event this summary noted:
"A major earthquake of M 7.3 off the east coast of Honshu, Japan followed an M 6.4 minutes earlier.
Today's mainshock killed four in Fukushima, Japan and did minor damage
throughout the area. More than 97 were injured in this earthquake but millions
lost power. Some trains came off their tracks but no injuries
were reported with these incidents. High Speed trains were temporarily
shut down. A tsunami warning was issued and waves of up to 20 cm were
reported. No damage was reported at nuclear facilities with these earthquakes. Some
residents of Fukushima were evacuated for fear of tsunamis. This is the strongest earthquake in this area since a similar M 7.3 on February 13, 2021.
An M 9.3+ earthquake shook this area and triggered a major Pacific-wide tsunami
NEIC reported maximum intensity IX with the M 7.3 with damage was felt in Namie, Fukushima with VIII in Haramachi, Soma, Watan, Natori, Shiogama, Miyagi and lesser shaking throughout most of eastern Honshu, Japan.
The M 6.5 foreshock was reported with maximum intensity VII in Miyagi and V in Fukushima
with lesser shaking in Chiba, Saitama, and Tokyo Prefectures, Japan.
These earthquakes occurred within a couple of minutes of local solar midnight and were probably
promoted by strong tidal and geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this
hour. Today's earthquake followed a major geomagnetic storm of the past
three days. A series of M-class solar flares have been occurring over
the past day and a moderate geomagnetic sudden commencement storm began about
14:00 UT today, coincident with the earthquakes in Japan and may have
helped trigger this activity." (March 16, 2022, April 4, 2024)
This event occurred near local solar midnight and was probably promoted by
tidal stresses with the upcominig full and super moon of October 7 as noted
in previous issues of this summary:
"The full moon will arrive at 03:47 UT on October 7, 2025. This is the largest super-moon of the year as it is closest to earth at this time. This in turn, considerably enhances tidal stresses (at the inverse third power of distance) and can lead to larger global earthquakes within a couple of days of the full moon. Longitudes at local solar noon are near 124 East and those at local solar midnight are near 56 West longitude. In the west these include the northern and Eastern Caribbean as well as areas of western South America while in the East longitudes near 126 E are located in the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, and Indonesia among others. These are the most likely areas to see tidal triggering at this time, but other areas could see significant enhancement in seismicity in the next several days. These would most likely see seismic enhancement near local solar noon or midnight. A strong to major earthquake is considered likely with this new moon before October 8, 2025.
This includes the aftershock area of the earthquake of M 6.9 in the Philiippines of September 30 (at 124E longitude) and is likely to enhance regional seismicity in that area at this time." (October 2, 2025)
The earthquake of M 6.0 in Japan also coincided with a major peak in the
intensity of the current geomagnetic storm. This occurred around 12:00 - 17:00 UT
with K-index at high latitudes reaching 7 (Gs storm) at 12:00 and 15:00 UT.
In the previous summary this possibility had been emphasized as:
"The strong geomagnetic storm continued today with Planetary AP 30; high latitude
45 and middle latitude 20. This storm has delayed stronger seismicity but
this is probably about to end. The full moon will arrive early on October 7
with maximum stress in the ring of fire in the western Pacific which includes
highly seismic areas of Japan, Indonesia and the Philippines. On the
basis of previous observations and discussions in this summary these regions
are susceptible to geomagnetic seismic triggering, especially in Japan which
has been relatively quiet during this storm and prior to it. It is likely
that a strong earthquake will accompany the end of the storm or a sudden
flareup of the storm in the next two days (October 4-6, 2025)." (October 4, 2025)
An M 4.5 earthquake about 250 km north of today's M 6.0 preceded it as a regional
foreshock about an hour earlier but was not reported felt.
This activity in Japan occurred as Tropical Storm Halong was making land fall in
the Volcano and Bonin Islands of southeastern Japan and may have been
promoted by energy associated with that landfall.
"TS HALONG 2025-10-05 00:00 UT 25.5N 141.9E 70 kts Bonin Islands, Japan
Tropical Storm Halong (28W) continued today in the area of the Bonin Islands, Japan with winds up to 70 kts. This system is moving to the northwest and could help promote seismicity in the Bonin Islands north to Honshu in the next day. It will turn to the east around October 8 and with the full moon could promote a moderate to large earthquake in that area of Japan at the time. The current antipode is at 25S 39W in the South Atlantic and is not expected to see enhanced seismicity at this time." (October 5, 2025)
Today's events in Japan are located at 101-103 degrees from the south Geomagnetic
pole and are likely being promoted by energy that accumulated there with the
current geomagnetic storm. The M 6.0 is also at the 12th node (30 degrees) from
the M 6.9 in Leyte, Philippines and may have been promoted by energy associated
with that source." (October 4, 2025)
O: 08NOV2025 02:36:09 39.5N 143.3E MB=4.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPA
It is of some interest that the X1.7 flare which appears to have triggered the
M 6.8 in Northern Honshu, Japan occurred while the area of San Francisco
and the western U.S. was near local solar midnight. This summary has
argued on several recent previous occasions that such a flare could trigger
a moderate earthquake in that area. Readers should be aware of this possibility
in the next several days. This was noted on October 26 issue of this
summary as:
"NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in Big Sur.
This continues a series of light earthquakes in Central California over the
past several days which has included a series in northern and southern San
Francisco Bay. As these events area located near 103 degrees from the
recent earthquakes in Mindanao and Leyte of M>7 it is likely they are
being promoted by energy from those sources. A moderate to strong earthquake
in this area of California is still considered likely in the near future.
Such a quake is most likely near local solar noon or midnight in conjuction
with a strong M- or X-class solar flare." (October 26, 2025)
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.5 in the Santa Barbara Channel, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Santa Barbara Channel, California in Goleta.
This epicenter is at 103 degrees from the landfall of Typhoon Kung-Wong in Central
Philippines as well as at 103-105 degrees from the Drake Passage and
major earthquakes in Central Philippines of recent days and may have been promoted
by energy from those sources.
O: 09NOV2025 07:16:26 34.4N 120.1W ML=2.5 EMSC SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.7 in Tennessee was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Tennessee with II in Obion, Ridgely and II in Dyersburg.
This epicenter is at the third node (120 degrees) from the landfall of Typhoon Fung-Wong
and at the fifth node from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy
from those sources.
O: 09NOV2025 06:49:08 36.2N 89.4W ML=2.7 EMSC TENNESSEE
NEIC reported earthquakes of M 4.9 and M 4.8 in El Salvador were felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of El Salvador with IV in Zaragoza, Izalco, Tecoluca, Juayua, Nuevo Cuscatlan, Mejicanos, Apopa, San Salvador, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, Santiago de Maria Usulutan.
These eoucebters are at the fourth node (90 degrees) from Kamchatka and
may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 09NOV2025 01:49:05 13.0N 88.7W MW=4.9 EMSC OFFSHORE EL SALVADOR
O: 09NOV2025 01:49:06 13.0N 88.6W mb=4.8 EMSC OFFSHORE EL SALVADOR
O: 08NOV2025 06:40:50 12.8N 88.9W ML=4.1 EMSC OFFSHORE EL SALVADOR
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.1 in Yellowstone NP, Wyoming was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Yellowstone NP, Wyoming.
Like the M 3.1 in Santa Barbara and the strong swarm yesterday in the Gulf of
California this epicenter is located at 103 degrees from the landfall position
of Typhoon Fung-Wong and recent strong earthquakes in Central Philippines
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 08NOV2025 15:04:20 44.8N 110.9W ML=3.0 EMSC YELLOWSTONE NAT. PARK, WYOMING
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TYPHOON FUNG-WONG (DEPRESSION 32W)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH FUNG-WONG 2025-11-09 00:00 UT 14.3N 123.2E 115 kts Central Philippines
Typhoon Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region of central Philippines winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. It made landfall today as a typhoon with winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan and perhaps as far north as Honshu, Japan at that time. The antipode is at 14S 57W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 8, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0701 0735 0810 X1.7 (November 9, 2025) 3.2e-01 *
Northeastern Honshu, Japan M 6.8 08:03 UT
4240 0108 0128 0138 C4.8 (November 8, 2025) 6.1E-03
Honshu M 4.9 01:13 UT
Celebes Sea M 4.3 01:11 UT
Peru M 3.7 01:25 UT
4250 0229 0236 0253 C2.5 (November 8, 2025) 3.3E-03
Honshu M 4.9 02:36 UT
4270 0402 0408 0413 C1.8 (November 8, 2025) 1.2E-03
Fiji M 5.6 04:15 UT
4300 0507 0513 0517 C1.9 (November 8, 2025) 1.2E-03
Oaxaca M 4/1 05:09 UT
4320 0557 0602 0605 C2.0 (November 8, 2025) 1.5E-03
Chiapas M 4.3 05:57 UT
4350 0605 0617 0632 C4.1 (November 8, 2025) 5.7E-03
4330 0708 0714 0720 C3.7 (November 8, 2025) 2.4E-03
4340 0746 0753 0802 C2.2 (November 8, 2025) 2.1E-03
Kuril Is. M 4.5 07:56 UT
4360 1019 1026 1030 C2.3 (November 8, 2025) 1.4E-03
Gulf of California M 4.0 10:18 UT
4370 1255 1258 1301 C3.8 (November 8, 2025) 1.2E-03
4400 1450 1500 1514 C2.0 (November 8, 2025) 2.8E-03
4440 1916 1923 1927 C2.4 (November 8, 2025) 1.4E-03
4460 2041 2046 2054 C1.7 (November 8, 2025) 1.3E-03
H
November 8, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The current geomagnetic storm continued today. It reached maximum disturbance with high latitude K-index near 5 throughout most of the day.
This storm is likely to continue to dampen global seismicity while at high k-values
with stronger seismicity returning within about a day after the storm ceases.
This had been emphasized in the previous issue of this summary as:
"This storm is the result of two X-class flares which occurred on November 4 (for commentary
on these flares see previous issues of this summary). Strong geomagnetic
storms tend to dampen seismicity as ionospheric ring currents are disrupted
during these storms and cannot induce telluric currents until the currents
reform several days later. Global seismicity in the next two days (or as long
as these geomagnetic storms continue) is therefore expected to be relatively quiet.
With today's geomagnetic storm, global seismicity quickly turned quiet.
No significant earthquakes were recorded in the world today. For the first time
in months there were no earthquakes of M>=5 recorded in the world." Quiet
seismicity also continued today. The strongest earthquake of the day was an
M 5.6-5.7 in the Gulf of California. This follows a series of lighter events
in that region as reported in the previous issue of this summary:
"activity occurred in the Gulf of California with a series including an M 4.9.
Global seismicity is expected to resume in about two days at a level
above background.
The earthquakes of M 4.8 and M 4.9 in the Gulf of California today are
the strongest in that area within about 200 km of today's epicenter since
an M 6.1 on November 4, 2022. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.1-6.2 in the northern Gulf of California. NEIC reported it was felt in Sonora, Mexico with intensity IV in Bahia de Kino, Guaymas and in San Luis, Baja California, Mexico. Intensity II-III was reported in Sonora at Hermosillo, Obregon, Nogales and in Guerrero Negro, Baja California, Mexico.
Earthquakes in this area can stress faults to the north in Southern California,
leading to enhanced seismicity in that area. A series of moderate foreshocks
have hit this area in the past several days leading to today's mainshock.
These included an M 4.1 and 4.2 on November 1 and 2, 2022. The last earthquake
within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=6 was an M 7.0 ten years ago on April 12, 2012.
At the time this summary noted in this regard:
"The earthquake of M 6.9-7.1 in the Gulf of California is the strongest
to occur in this region of the Gulf in at least 22 years. A slightly
smaller event hit the region on August 3, 2009 with M 6.8-6.9." (April 12, 2012, November 4, 2022)
Seismic migration may occur to the north of these epicenters affecting
southern California in several days with seismic enhancement.
This epicenter is near the third node (and sixth node) (120 degrees)
from the landfall in Vietnam of Typhoon Kalmaegi today and may have been
promoted by energy associated with that source." (November 7, 2025)
EMSC reports only one earthquake in the world of M>5.1 from November 4 to 7, 2025, when these strong geomagnetic storms began,
a sharp decline in global seismicity. This was an M 5.7 in the South Sandwich
Islands at the time of a major solar flare on November 5. This pattern was broken today with events
of M 5.7 in the Gulf of California; Fiji; M 5.3 in Kamchatka and M 5.0
in the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Today's event of M 5.6-5.7 in the Gulf of California was reported by NEIC to
have been felt in Sonora, Mexico with intensity III in Guaymas and II in Obregon, Bahia de Kino and Hermosillo.
The earthquake in the Gulf of California of M 5.6-5.7 was located at 103 degrees
from the position of Typhoon Fung-wong at the time when this swarm began on
November 7, 2025. This is a distance at which triggering form large energy events on the
earth's surface are expected and the activity in the Gulf of California
may be directly related to Typhoon Kung-wong.
O: 07NOV2025 12:04:30 28.0N 112.0W MW=5.6 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 07NOV2025 09:27:48 27.8N 111.9W ML=3.0 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 07NOV2025 09:44:07 27.9N 111.9W ML=3.5 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 07NOV2025 10:00:09 27.9N 112.0W ML=3.1 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 07NOV2025 12:16:06 27.9N 112.0W ML=4.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 07NOV2025 12:59:23 27.9N 112.0W mb=4.6 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 10:26:14 27.8N 111.9W ML=4.5 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 21:53:46 27.8N 111.9W ML=3.7 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 22:45:54 27.8N 111.8W ML=3.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 13:25:56 27.9N 112.0W mb=4.9 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 16:36:10 27.9N 112.0W Mw=4.8 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 22:04:50 27.9N 112.0W ML=3.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 07NOV2025 00:15:27 27.9N 111.9W mb=4.4 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
An earthquake of M 5.6 was also recorded in the area of northern Fiji today. NEIC
reported it may have been felt with intensity up to II in this remote area due
to its deep focus of 495 km. This is the strongest earthquake in Fiji within
about 200 km of this epicenter since an M 5.6 on August 26, 2025. The
last event in the region of larger magnitude was an M 5.9 one year ago on November 6, 2024 (and again on November 23, 2024).
Today's earthquake joined three other moderate earthquakes in this area today
including those with magnitude M 4.5, 4.7 and 4.5. The mainshock of M 5.6
is located at the sixth node from the eye of Typhoon Kung-wong and the
others are also located near this distance from Kung-Wong and major
earthquakes in the central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy
from these sources.
This summary has extensively cover the sixth nodal (60 degrees) triggering from Hurricane
Melissa and Typhoon Kalmaegi in recent issues. It has been extensive and
has involved a number of significant earthquakes. This appears to be
continuing with Typhoon Kung-wong.
O: 08NOV2025 04:15:04 18.4S 177.8W MW=5.6 EMSC FIJI REGION
O: 07NOV2025 17:46:42 23.4S 179.8W MB=4.5 EMSC SOUTH OF FIJI ISLANDS
O: 07NOV2025 09:40:11 21.8S 175.3W MB=4.7 EMSC TONGA
O: 07NOV2025 17:32:02 18.1S 178.4W MB=4.5 EMSC FIJI REGION
A moderate earthquake of M 3.8 also occurred today in the Fox Islands, Alaska.
Like the events in Fiji today this epicenter is also at the sixth node (60 degrees)
from the eye of Typhoon Kung-wong and may have been promoted by energy
from that source.
O: 07NOV2025 23:43:59 52.1N 171.4W ML=3.8 EMSC FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
A moderate earthquake of M 5.0 also occurred today in the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
NEIC did not report it was felt in this epicentral area which is remote.
This epicenter is at 144-146 degrees from recent major earthquakes in central
Philippines; Kamchatka and the eye of Typhoon Kung-wong today and was
probably promoted by focused energy from these sources.
This is a somewhat unusual earthquake. The last earthquake within about 200 km
of this epicenter with M>=5 in the Central Atlantic occurred more than
35 years ago. Most moderate earthquakes in this area occur about 250 km northeast
of today's epicenter near 14W longitude. The last of these was an M 5.0 on August 21, 2024 and June 2, 2015.
A series of earthquake in this area accompanied an M 6.3 on May 24, 2015 (from
January to June, 2014). At the time of the mainshock this summary noted:
"The earthquake in the South Atlantic of M 6.3 was preceded by foreshocks of M 4.9 and 5.0
and may be associated with a major volcanic episode on the Southern Atlantic Ridge.
It is the strongest earthquake in this region of the ridge in more than 25 years.
The previous largest was an M 5.8 on July 23, 2003. This activity is located at
142 degrees from the strong earthquakes in Samoa of late March, a distance
at which seismic energy is concentrated following large events and may help
promote subsequent seismicity." (May 24, 2015)
O: 07NOV2025 23:20:59 17.6S 16.2W MB=5.0 EMSC SOUTHERN MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
An earthquake of M 4.9 also occurred in the Central Mid-Atlantic Ridge today.
It was not reported felt in this epicentral area and, like the event in
the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge was located at 145 degrees from Typhoon Fung-Wong
and was probably promoted by energy from that event. This earthquake occurred
near local solar noon and may have been promoted by tidal stresses with
the full moon of November 5 as described at the time in this summary:
"The full moon will arrive on November 5, 2025 at 13:19 UT. This is the closest
super-moon of the year (the moon is closest to earth at this time). Tidal stresses
will be exceptionally high and could lead to considerable seismic enhancement next week.
Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time are in the central Atlantic near 30 West longitude including the mid-Atlantic Ridge and Iceland while those at anti-solar positions are
near 150 East Longitude and include areas of eastern Indonesia, Kamchatka, Japan. These
are most likely to see tidal promotion of seismicity at this time but many areas
can see enhanced seismicity with the full moon which are not sub- or anti-solar.
Global seismicity is expected to moderate to moderately high November 3-8, 2025." (October 29-31, 2025)
The last earthquake with M>=4.9 within about 200 km of this epicenter occurred as an M 5.4
on November 12, 2024 a year ago.
O: 07NOV2025 14:02:40 0.9S 12.8W ML=4.9 NEIC CENTRAL MID-ATLANTIC
GeoNet reported an M 5.4 in the Wellington New Zealand area on November 6 with
the following parameters:
O: 06NOV2025 08:09:54 41.2S 174.5E MB=5.4 GEONET 29583 people reported feeling this earthquake with 7739 at weak intensity and 15369 with light shaking and 5916 with moderate intensity 509 with strong, 19 with severe and 31 with extreme intensity.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL STORM FUNG-WONG (DEPRESSION 32W)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS FUNG-WONG 2025-11-08 00:00 UT 13.6N 128.6E 110 kts East of Central Philippines
TS Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region east of central Philippines winds up to 110 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. It is then expected to track to the northwest making landfall in the Philippines around November 9-10 as a typhoon with winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan at that time. The antipode is at 13S 53W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 7, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
3780 0025 0031 0033 C1.7 (November 7, 2025) 8.9E-04
Izu Is. M 4.9 00:20 UT
3800 0122 0128 0135 C1.5 (November 7, 2025) 1.2E-03
Kamchatka M 4.8 01:35 UT
3820 0215 0227 0238 C2.2 (November 7, 2025) 2.8E-03
Bali M 4.2 02:21 UT
Mindanao M 4.2 02:27 UT
3840 0252 0256 0300 C2.1 (November 7, 2025) 1.1E-03
3900 0349 0357 0402 C3.6 (November 7, 2025) 2.8E-03
3930 0524 0529 0531 C5.1 (November 7, 2025) 2.0E-03
Luzon M 4.5 05:24 UT
Tarapaca M 4.3 05:30 UT
3950 0631 0716 0753 M1.7 (November 7, 2025) 5.4E-02
Leyte M 4.2 05:59 UT
Kamchatka M 4.5 07:41 UT
Vietnam M 4.0 07:52 UT
3970 0919 0926 0932 C8.7 (November 7, 2025) 5.1E-03
4020 1246 1249 1251 C3.1 (November 7, 2025) 1.4E-03
Kamchatka M 4.3 12:58 UT
4030 1319 1329 1339 C4.5 (November 7, 2025) 4.8E-03
Kuril Is. M 4.5 13:46 UT
4040 1455 1501 1506 C2.6 (November 7, 2025) 1.7E-03
Izu Is M 4.6 14:52 UT
Loyalty Is. M 4.9 14:51 UT
4050 1542 1551 1556 C6.9 (November 7, 2025) 3.3E-03
4070 1650 1704 1709 C5.1 (November 7, 2025) 4.0E-03
4080 1750 1754 1800 C2.4 (November 7, 2025) 1.4E-03
Vancouver Is. M 3.8, 3.7 17:59 UT 18:00 UT
4100 1806 1815 1819 C3.5 (November 7, 2025) 2.2E-03
So. Aleutian Is. M 4.4 18:21 UT
4130 1912 1919 1922 C1.8 (November 7, 2025) 1.1E-03
4140 1931 1937 1949 C1.5 (November 7, 2025) 1.7E-03
Azores M 4.1 19:49 UT
4150 1952 1956 1959 C2.7 (November 7, 2025) 1.0E-03
San Francisco M 2.1 20:03 UT
4160 2026 2045 2107 C5.8 (November 7, 2025) 1.0E-02
Kamchatka M 4.4 20:29 UT
4200 2248 2255 2300 C2.5 (November 7, 2025) 1.7E-03
4220 2304 2307 2311 C2.8 (November 7, 2025) 1.3E-03
Southern Mid-Atlantic M 5.0 23:21 UT
Guerrero M 4.0 23:08 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: major storms November 8 minor storms November 9 and major storms November 10. Solar M-flare chance: 75% X-class: 25% proton storm: 10%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 32 35 20 12:00 5 133 166
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on November 3, 2025 at 16:46:36 UT (#251103B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.0 was assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 7, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The expected geomagnetic storm today was a G3 event according to SWPC having reached
Planetary K-index of 6.67 around 0300-0600 UT. This is the strongest planetary
storm in more than a month with Planetary A value of 43. SWPC warns that this storm could disrupt
communications and cause trouble with satellite communications. Strong auroral lights
are expected. This storm is the result of two X-class flares which occurred on November 4 (for commentary
on these flares see previous issues of this summary). Strong geomagnetic
storms tend to dampen seismicity as ionospheric ring currents are disrupted
during these storms and cannot induce telluric currents until the currents
reform several days later. Global seismicity in the next two days (or as long
as these geomagnetic storms continue) is therefore expected to be relatively quiet.
With today's geomagnetic storm, global seismicity quickly turned quiet.
No significant earthquakes were recorded in the world today. For the first time
in months there were no earthquakes of M>=5 recorded in the world. The strongest
activity occurred in the Gulf of California with a series including an M 4.9.
Global seismicity is expected to resume in about two days at a level
above background.
The earthquakes of M 4.8 and M 4.9 in the Gulf of California today are
the strongest in that area within about 200 km of today's epicenter since
an M 6.1 on November 4, 2022. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.1-6.2 in the northern Gulf of California. NEIC reported it was felt in Sonora, Mexico with intensity IV in Bahia de Kino, Guaymas and in San Luis, Baja California, Mexico. Intensity II-III was reported in Sonora at Hermosillo, Obregon, Nogales and in Guerrero Negro, Baja California, Mexico.
Earthquakes in this area can stress faults to the north in Southern California,
leading to enhanced seismicity in that area. A series of moderate foreshocks
have hit this area in the past several days leading to today's mainshock.
These included an M 4.1 and 4.2 on November 1 and 2, 2022. The last earthquake
within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=6 was an M 7.0 ten years ago on April 12, 2012.
At the time this summary noted in this regard:
"The earthquake of M 6.9-7.1 in the Gulf of California is the strongest
to occur in this region of the Gulf in at least 22 years. A slightly
smaller event hit the region on August 3, 2009 with M 6.8-6.9." (April 12, 2012, November 4, 2022)
Seismic migration may occur to the north of these epicenters affecting
southern California in several days with seismic enhancement.
This epicenter is near the third node (and sixth node) (120 degrees)
from the landfall in Vietnam of Typhoon Kalmaegi today and may have been
promoted by energy associated with that source.
O: 06NOV2025 10:26:14 27.8N 111.9W ML=4.5 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 21:53:46 27.8N 111.9W ML=3.7 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 22:45:54 27.8N 111.8W ML=3.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 13:25:56 27.9N 112.0W mb=4.9 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 16:36:10 27.9N 112.0W Mw=4.8 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 06NOV2025 22:04:50 27.9N 112.0W ML=3.2 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
O: 07NOV2025 00:15:27 27.9N 111.9W mb=4.4 EMSC GULF OF CALIFORNIA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL STORM FUNG-WONG (DEPRESSION 32W)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS FUNG-WONG 2025-11-07 00:00 UT 11.6N 136.6E 75 kts Southwest of Guam
TS Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region southwest of Guam with winds up to 75 kts. It could help promote moderate regional seismicity. It is then expected to track to the northwest making landfall in the Philippines around November 9-10 as a typhoon with winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan at that time. The antipode is at 12S 44W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
TYPHOON KALMAEGI
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH KALMAEGI 2025-11-07 00:00 UT 13.3N 109.1E 125 kts Vietnam
Typhoon Kalmaegi continued today in the region off eastern Vietnam with winds up to 125 kts.
The area is currently experiencing aftershocks from major events last month and could see a further significant event with Typhoon Kalmaegi. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time with the full moon of November 5-7. The antipode is at 13S 71W - is near the Peru-Brazil border and could see enhanced seismicity on November 6-8, 2025.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 6, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
3230 0004 0015 0023 C3.8 (November 6, 2025) 3.8E-03
3260 0252 0302 0313 C2.5 (November 6, 2025) 3.2E-03
3340 0313 0317 0320 C3.1 (November 6, 2025) 1.4E-03
3300 0343 0352 0359 C1.9 (November 6, 2025) 2.0E-03
3350 0359 0406 0409 C2.3 (November 6, 2025) 1.5E-03
Honshu M 4.4 04:04 UT
3310 0417 0431 0439 M1.1 (November 6, 2025) 1.0E-02
Seram M 4.0 04:33 UT
3320 0514 0520 0524 C3.0 (November 6, 2025) 1.7E-03
El Salvador M 4.6 05:21 UT
3360 0624 0633 0643 C2.4 (November 6, 2025) 2.6E-03
3370 0649 0656 0701 C5.3 (November 6, 2025) 2.7E-03
3380 0721 0727 0735 C2.1 (November 6, 2025) 1.9E-03
3400 0855 0901 0906 C3.8 (November 6, 2025) 2.2E-03
Panam M 4.6 08:55 UT
3450 1112 1125 1131 C2.3 (November 6, 2025) 3.2E-03
3460 1131 1139 1141 C2.1 (November 6, 2025) 1.6E-03
Negros, Philippines M 4.1 11:33 UT
3480 1257 1306 1310 C4.2 (November 6, 2025) 2.2E-03
3490 1312 1317 1321 C4.5 (November 6, 2025) 2.4E-03
Gulf of California M 4.5 13:25 UT
3530 1430 1436 1440 C1.6 (November 6, 2025) 9.8E-04
Honshu M 3.9 14:38 UT
Hokkaido M 4.8 14:30 UT
3540 1514 1522 1526 C1.9 (November 6, 2025) 1.2E-03
3570 1700 1706 1714 C1.6 (November 6, 2025) 1.4E-03
3590 1810 1825 1839 C5.6 (November 6, 2025) 7.1E-03
3620 1948 2002 2015 C9.3 (November 6, 2025) 9.8E-03
3730 2202 2209 2216 C4.4 (November 6, 2025) 3.1E-03
Gulf of California M 3.2 22:04 UT
Southern Iran M 4.3 22:06 UT
New Ireland M 4.9 22:14 UT
3740 2237 2245 2247 C2.0 (November 6, 2025) 1.8E-03
3770 2247 2257 2300 C2.1 (November 6, 2025) 1.9E-03
Azores M 3.9 22:54 UT
Central Peru M 4.0 22:55 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: severe storms November 7 major storms November 8 active November 9. Solar M-flare chance: 80% X-class: 35% proton storm: 20%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 43 40 31 06:00 7 104 163
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 6, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A strong geomagnetic storm is expected to hit the earth with geomagnetic storm levels
reaching G3 or G4 on November 6-7. SWPC warns that this storm could disrupt
communications and cause trouble with satellite communications. This storm
is the result of two X-class flares which occurred on November 4 (for commentary
on these flares see previous issues of this summary). Strong geomagnetic
storms tend to dampen seismicity as ionospheric ring currents are disrupted
during these storms and cannot induce telluric currents until the currents
reform several days later. Global seismicity in the next two days (or as long
as these geomagnetic storms continue) is therefore expected to be relatively quiet.
Two large M-class flares occurred today. These were reported with the following
parameters by SWPC:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
3080 1036 1119 1143 M7.4 (November 5, 2025) 1.7E-01
Kalimantan, Indonesia M 4.7 10:37 UT
Banda Sea M 4.2 11:17 UT
3110 1423 1430 1437 C8.3 (November 5, 2025) 5.4E-03
3170 2152 2207 2216 M8.6 (November 5, 2025) 6.2E-02
South Sandwich Is. M 5.7 22:03 UT
Hindu Kush M 4.2 22:10 UT
Kamchatka M 4.6 22:02 UT
Coquimbo M 3.6 22:03 UT
When the CME from these flares arrive in the earth's vicinity, they should
continue the expected G3 geomagnetic storm in progress at that time (probably November 7-8) and
could trigger additional seismicity.
Flare 3170 (M8.6) - the largest of the day - occurred with a strong geomagnetic
excursion. The GOES Magnetometer shows as strong spike in field strength
from a backgroudn near 50 nT to nearly 150 nT beginning with this flare around
21:52 UT and peaking at about 22:00 UT. The strongest earthquake in the
world today - an M 5.7 in the South Sandwich Islands coincided with this
geomagneti excursion. A second excursion occurred earlier in the day around
07:10 UT but only reached about 90 nT around 07:30 UT. GOES Electron Flux
as at low moderate levels today showing a spike with the excursion around 07:30 UT
High latitude K-indices reached 6 at that time but also reached global K-index
of 6 with the geomagnetic excursion and flare 3170 later in the day.
Planetary K-index reached a peak early on November 6 around 03:00-06:00 UT.
This is a G3 storm.
The largest earthquake of the day - of M 5.7 in the South Sandwich Islands - accompanied the geomagnetic storm at 22:00 UT
and the flare of M8.7 (# 3170) was probably also promoted by the full and super
moon that was completed earlier in the day as it occurred when that area
was at local solar noon, with the earthquake in the South Sandwich Islands near local solar midnight. In this and previous issues of this
summary it had been noted in this regard:
"The full moon will arrive on November 5, 2025 at 13:19 UT. This is the closest
super-moon of the year (the moon is closest to earth at this time). Tidal stresses
will be exceptionally high and could lead to considerable seismic enhancement next week.
Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time are in the central Atlantic near 30 West longitude including the mid-Atlantic Ridge, (South Sandwich Islands) and Iceland while those at anti-solar positions are
near 150 East Longitude and include areas of eastern Indonesia, Kamchatka, Japan. These
are most likely to see tidal promotion of seismicity at this time but many areas
can see enhanced seismicity with the full moon which are not sub- or anti-solar.
Global seismicity is expected to moderate to moderately high November 3-8, 2025." (October 29-31, 2025)
This earthquake in the South Sandwich Islands is the strongest event in
that region since an M 5.9 on August 31, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"An earthquake of M 5.9-6.0 also occurred today in the South Sandwich Islands south of South America.
This is the strongest earthquake in the South Sandwich Islands within about
200 km of this epicenter since an M 6.3 on October 25, 2022. At the time
this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.3 in the area of the South Sandwich Islands, South Atlantic. It was not reported felt in this remote area.
It occurred near local solar midnight and may have been promoted by energy associated
with the solar eclipse and new moon today and/or by the strong mid-latitude geomagnetic
storm finishing up today.
...
It is also likely to have been promoted by the geomagnetic storm at mid-latitudes
which continued today reaching A-index disturbance at mid-latitudes of 204, the
highest recorded by SWPC since at least 1994.
The last earthquake in the South Sandwich Islands within about 250 km of this
epicenter with M>=6.3 was an M 6.9 on August 16, 2021, itself an aftershock of
the M 7.5 of August 12, 2021. A more recent event of M 6.7 occurred on September 29, 2022
about 500 km southeast of this epicenter in the South Atlantic region." (October 24, 2022)
This epicenter is near the antipode of recent major earthquakes in Kamchatka
and may have been promoted by energy from that source." (August 31, 2025)
Today's epicenter is near the antipode of Kamchatka. A series of moderate to
strong earthquakes in Kamchatka have consistently been associated with
a smaller series in the South Sandwich Islands in the past four months
and probably represent triggering effects.
O: 05NOV2025 22:03:50 58.0S 25.3W MB=5.7 EMSC SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS REGION
The series of unusual earthquakes at 60.0 degrees from the landfall positions
of Typhoon Kalmaegi in the central Philippines continued today with an M 4.7
in the Santa Cruz Islands. This summary has been following the series of events
at 60.0 degrees from Kalmaegi for the past five days - a series which has included
two strong earthquakes - in Central Afghanistan and in the Southeast Indian
Ridge of M 6.3 and M 6.0 among a number of other unusual moderate earthquakes
in areas such as Oman, Shaka, Russia, the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge south of
Australia among others. This can be seen from noted events in previous
issues of this summary below:
"This epicenter (in the South Indian Ocean) is at the sixth node (60 degrees) from recent major earthquakes
in the Philippines and at 60.0 degrees from landfall today of Typhoon Kalmaegi and at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the Drake Passage
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources." (November 1, 2025)
"This epicenter (in central Afghanistan of M 6.3) is near the sixth node (60 degrees) from recent major earthquakes
in Central Philippines and Kamchatka and at the sixth node (59.9 degrees) from the landfall of
Typhoon Kalmaegi in central Philippines and may have been promoted by
energy from those sources." (November 3, 2025)
"Like the earthquake in the UAR (see above) today this epicenter is also at the sixth node (60 degrees)
from the eye of Typhoon Kalmaegi at the time of the earthquake and may have
been promoted by energy from that source. The sixth node from Melissa and Kalmaegi
has seen a number of unsual earthquakes following those events." (November 5, 2025)
"This unusual earthquake epicenter (M 4.7 in Indian-Antarctic Ridge) is also at the sixth node from the eye of
Typhoon Kalmaegi (60 degrees). Other unusual earthquakes at this distance
from Kalmaegi today occurred in Sakha, Russia and in the United Arab Emirates
(UAR) - see discussion above." (November 5, 2025)
"It is possible that stress conditions set up at time of major storm landfalls
favor triggering of seismicity at the sixth node (60 degrees). This can be
verified by examination of previous data and other landfall events. Other
earthquakes today near the sixth node from landfall of Kalmaegi occurred in the
Rat Islands, Aleutians (M 4.5). This event occurred about 10 minutes before
the earthquake in Afghanistan." (November 3, 2025)
O: 05NOV2025 17:48:37 11.5S 166.3E MB=4.7 EMSC SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in El Salvador was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of El Salvador in El Rosario, Santiago de Maria and II in Mejiconos.
O: 06NOV2025 05:21:05 13.0N 88.7W MB=4.6 EMSC OFFSHORE EL SALVADOR
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Northern Kansas was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Northern Kansas in Palco and Plainville.
This epicenter is at the third node (120 degrees) from the current eye of Typhoon Kalmaegi
and at 103 degrees from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by
energy from those sources.
O: 06NOV2025 01:50:17 39.3N 99.4W ML=2.8 EMSC KANSAS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in Afghanistan was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Afghanistan in Kabul.
This earthquake accompanied the M 5.7 in the South Sandwich Islands and was
also probably triggered by a similar set of factors to that event as it
occurred during the M8.7 solar flare (see above). Other events in this set included
an M 4.6 in Kamchatka a minute before
the M 5.7 in South Sandwich Islands and nearly antipodal to it.
O: 05NOV2025 22:10:39 34.6N 70.7E MB=4.2 EMSC HINDU KUSH REGION, AFGHANISTAN
O: 05NOV2025 22:02:27 52.2N 159.7E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 05NOV2025 22:03:50 58.0S 25.3W MB=5.7 EMSC SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.1 in Central California was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Central California with III in San Juan Bautista, Salinas, Aromas, and II in Pacific Grove, Modesto, Marina, San Ramon, San Lorenzo, and Antioch.
This epicenter is at 102-103 degrees from recent major earthquakes in the
Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 05NOV2025 15:12:25 36.8N 121.6W ML=3.1 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.7 in Kalimantan, Indonesia was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Kalimantan, Indonesia in Tarakan with III.
This epicenter is at the sixth node (60 degrees) from recent major
earthquakes in Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 05NOV2025 10:37:10 3.3N 117.8E MB=4.7 EMSC KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL STORM FUNG-WONG (DEPRESSION 32W)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS FUNG-WONG 2025-11-06 00:00 UT 9.7N 140.6E 50 kts Southwest of Guam
TS Fung-Wong (TD 32W) continued today in the region southwest of Guam with winds up to 50 kts. It could help promote moderate additional seismicity in Guam in the next day following an M 5.9 and M 4.8 earlier. It is then expected to track to the northwest making landfall in the Philippines around November 9-10as a major typhoon with winds up to 115 kts and gusts to 140 kts. It could help trigger a moderate to strong earthquake in northern Philippines or in Taiwan at that time. The antipode is at 10S 40W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
TYPHOON KALMAEGI
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH KALMAEGI 2025-11-06 00:00 UT 13.3N 110.6E 135 kts Vietnam
Typhoon Kalmaegi continued today in the region off eastern Vietnam with winds up to 135 kts.
The area is currently experienceing aftershocks from major events last month and could see a further significant event with Typhoon Kalmaegi. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time with the full moon of November 5-7. The antipode is at 13S 70W - is near the Peru-Brazil border and could see enhanced seismicity on November 6-8, 2025.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 5, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2850 0055 0058 0103 C4.3 (November 5, 2025) 2.3E-03
2860 0147 0155 0201 C6.2 (November 5, 2025) 4.4E-03
East Pacific Rise M 5.0 01:48 UT
Macquarie M 4.6 02:02 UT
2870 0252 0301 0306 C8.0 (November 5, 2025) 5.8E-03
Guam M 4.8 03:03 UT
2910 0453 0505 0511 C9.9 (November 5, 2025) 5.8E-03
2920 0549 0551 0557 C2.9 (November 5, 2025) 1.4E-03
Tajikistan M 4.3 05:58 UT
Central Peru M 4.0 06:02 UT
2930 0628 0637 0640 C1.8 (November 5, 2025) 1.8E-03
2980 0640 0644 0647 C2.1 (November 5, 2025) 1.1E-03
Molucca Sea M 4.3 06:42 UT
Southern California M 2.1 06:51 UT
2950 0731 0735 0738 C3.8 (November 5, 2025) 2.1E-03
2990 0738 0749 0754 C4.9 (November 5, 2025) 4.1E-03
Chiapas M 4.0 07:52 UT
3010 0916 0920 0923 C1.9 (November 5, 2025) 1.3E-03
3040 0923 0930 0934 C3.2 (November 5, 2025) 1.9E-03
3070 1021 1027 1032 C3.0 (November 5, 2025) 2.0E-03
Panama M 3.5 10:27 UT
3080 1036 1119 1143 M7.4 (November 5, 2025) 1.7E-01
Kalimantan, Indonesia M 4.7 10:37 UT
Banda Sea M 4.2 11:17 UT
3110 1423 1430 1437 C8.3 (November 5, 2025) 5.4E-03
3170 2152 2207 2216 M8.6 (November 5, 2025) 6.2E-02
South Sandwich Is. M 5.7 22:03 UT
Hindu Kush M 4.2 22:10 UT
Kamchatka M 4.6 22:02 UT
Coquimbo M 3.6 22:03 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms November 6-8. Solar M-flare chance: 65% X-class: 15% proton storm: 10%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 28 35 19 08:00 6 76 147
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 5, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
Two X-class solar flares occurred late on November 4, 2025. These are the first
X-class flares to be observed by SWPC since June 19, 2025 (#2550 X1.9) and May 14, 2025 (3410 X2.7)
according to data from SWPC. They were followed today by a strong series of
earthquakes of M 5.9-6.0 an hour later in the regions of the Kuril Islands,
Kamchatka and Sulawesi, Indonesia near local solar noon and by an unusual
earthquake in Sakha, Russia. These may have been promoted by SFE associated with these flares. Following are the
parameters from SWPC for these flares:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2760 1715 1734 1910 X1.8 (November 4, 2025) 2.3E-01 *
Vancouver M 2.5 17:26 UT
Sakha, Russia M 4.8 19:31 UT
2800 2145 2201 2211 X1.1 (November 4, 2025) 9.0E-02
Honshu M 4.7 22:17 UT
Chiapas M 4.1 21:44 UT
2820 2233 2244 2256 M1.7 (November 4, 2025) 2.2E-02
Kuril Is. M 5.7 23:49 UT
Nevada M 3.5 23:39 UT
Kamchatka M 6.0 23:28 UT
Sulawesi M 5.9 23:32 UT
Kamchatka M 5.3 23:37 UT
Chiapas M 4.4 22:55 UT
Kamchatka M 4.5 22:51 UT
Strong geomagnetic field changes were also recorded by the GOES Magnetometers on November 5 starting at 07:10 UT (peaking at about 07:20 UT) and on November 4 starting at 09:30 UT.
These are the times of the start of major geomagnetic storms and could
enhance seismicity in western North America (local solar midnight) and eastern Europe and central Asia
(local solar noon) in the next several hours.
An earthquake of M 4.7 in Greece coincided with the peak of the geomagnetic storm
commencement at about 07:16 UT and was likely promoted by the sudden
commencement of this geomagnetic storm. A second event of M 3.1
in the Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan occurred within minutes of local solar
noon and was probably triggered by this geomagnetic storm as it too was
simultaneous with it's peak. An earthquake west of Los Angeles, California
of M 2.3 occurred near the commencement of this storm and may have
been triggered by it indicating strong stress in the area.
NEIC reported the earthquake in Greece was felt with intensity IV in Greece at Kavala, and komotini with II in Bulgaria at Sofia, Elin Pelin Sofijska and Plovdiv and in Turkey at Canakkale.
O: 05NOV2025 07:16:29 41.2N 24.8E MB=4.7 EMSC GREECE
The earthquakes in the Kurils and Kamchatka may also have been promoted
by the full moon of November 5. Seismic effects with this full moon
have been previously expected in this summary as:
"The full moon will arrive on November 5, 2025 at 13:19 UT. This is the closest
super-moon of the year (the moon is closest to earth at this time). Tidal stresses
will be exceptionally high and could lead to considerable seismic enhancement next week.
Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time are in the central Atlantic near 30 West longitude including the mid-Atlantic Ridge and Iceland while those at anti-solar positions are
near 150 East Longitude and include areas of eastern Indonesia, Kamchatka, Japan. These
are most likely to see tidal promotion of seismicity at this time but many areas
can see enhanced seismicity with the full moon which are not sub- or anti-solar.
Global seismicity is expected to moderate to moderately high November 3-8, 2025." (October 29-31, 2025)
The M 6.0 in Kamchatka today was reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity
up to IV in Kamchatka. EMSC reported moderate shaking in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Vilychinsk, and Patatunka, Russia. It occurred near local solar noon and was probably
promoted by energy associated with the full moon of November 5.
O: 04NOV2025 23:37:24 52.0N 160.3E mb=5.3 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 15:16:53 52.2N 160.2E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 23:28:59 52.2N 160.0E Mw=6.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 15:51:43 52.3N 159.7E mb=4.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 09:23:04 52.4N 160.3E mb=4.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 18:30:02 52.5N 159.9E mb=4.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 22:51:44 51.7N 159.4E MB=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
An unusual earthquake of M 4.3 occurred today in the area of the United Arab Emirates and Oman.
EMSC reported it was lightly felt in UAR at Sharjah, Al Ain, Khawr Fakkan, Ras Al Khaimah, Al Fujiarah Cities, and in Dib Dibba, and Muscat, Oman.
The last earthquake in the UAR or Oman with M>=4.3 within about 100 km of
today's epicenter occurred as an M 4.5 on October 21, 2012.
Like the M 6.3 in Afghanistan two days ago, this epicenter is located at 60
degrees (node 6) from the eye of Typhoon Kalmaegi and may have been promoted
be energy from that source.
O: 04NOV2025 12:40:54 25.5N 56.2E MB=4.3 EMSC OMAN-UNITED ARAB EMIRATES REGI
An unusual earthquake of M 4.8 also occurred in the Sakha region of Siberia, Russia
today. It was not reported felt in this remote area. The last earthquake
within about 200 km of today's event in northeaster Sakha, Russia with M>=4.8
was recorded by NEIC as occurring on September 15, 2017 (M 4.9) and August 25, 2014 (M 4.9).
These may be aftershocks of an M 6.6 near this epicenter of February 14, 2013.
Tt the time this summary noted:
A pair of highly unusual earthquakes occurred today. The first was an M 6.6
in the northern Siberia region of Sakha, Russia. This was followed about 3.5
hours later by an M 4.2 in southern Algeria. In both cases these are unprecedented
earthquakes with no other comparable events recorded with 250 km of these
epicenter. They occurred during the second strongest high latitude geomagnetic
storm of the past three months. The Sakha event occurred exactly at the peak
of the geomagnetic storm and was probably triggered by it. They are also related as they both fall at
the fourth node (90 degrees) from the earthquake of M 7.4 in Guatemala of
November 7, 2012. That was the strongest earthquake in Guatemala in the
past 37 years, since the Guatemala City earthquake of M 7.6 on February 4, 1976.
Neither the earthquake in Siberia nor the event in Algeria were reported
felt in these remote epicentral areas. No damage was reported.
The earthquake in Sakha was centered about 50 km from the settlement
of Syagannakh in Russia's Yakutia Republic. About 3000 people live in
the general area where shaking would have been expected to occur. The
republic's ministry of emergency situations reported that faint shaking
occurred in residential areas but there was no loss of life or damage to
vital facilities by the quake. The largest twon is Druzhina about 132 km south of
the epicenter. Two earthquakes of M>6.5 have previously been recorded in the Sakha region
of Siberia. Both occurred about 500 km south of today's epicenter - an M
6.6 on May 18, 1971 and an M 6.7 on April 14, 1951. A regional foreshock
occurred on January 20, 2013 with M 5.7.
"The geomagnetic field was at moderately disturbed conditions today. The AP level was 10.
The high latitude AP was also at active to disturbed conditions with AP 27. This is the
most disturbed since January 26 and the second most disturbed since November 20, 2012
when the high latitude AP reached 28. The third most disturbed day of the past two months
was January 20 when the high latitude AP reached 20. The 3-hour K-index reached
6 at high latitudes for the first time since January 26 between 1200 and 1400 UT.
This is the same time as the high latitude M 6.6 occurred in Sakha, Siberia,
Russia. A comparison of the regional foreshock in Sakha, Siberia of M 5.7 on January 20 shows that
that event also occurred at the maximum of the geomagnetic disturbance of
that date. The geomagnetic storm of January 26 was not accompanied by an
event in the Sakha region but a moderate earthquake in Sakhalin, Russia
was recorded during that storm.
Of some additional interest, the highest short wavelength X-ray flux between
11:04 UT on February 14 and this writing at 0300 UT on February 15 occurred
between 1313 and 1314 UT. This was the exact time (1313 UT) of the M 6.6
in Sakha, Russia. Higher flux occurred at 0429 UT and at 1019 UT earlier on February 14. The flux
at 1313 was closely associated with a strong electron flux event which nearly doubled
between 1300 UT and 1315 UT. This appears to be the immediate trigger for the
Sakha earthquake." (February 14, 2013)
Like these previous occurrences of moderate quakes in Sakha, Russia, today's
event was close connected to a strong geomagnetic disturbance and a major
solar flare of X1.8. Data on this flare from SWPC follow:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2760 1715 1734 1910 X1.8 (November 4, 2025) 2.3E-01 *
Vancouver M 2.5 17:26 UT
Sakha, Russia M 4.8 19:31 UT
Like the earthquake in the UAR (see above) today this epicenter is also at the sixth node (60 degrees)
from the eye of Typhoon Kalmaegi at the time of the earthquake and may have
been promoted by energy from that source. The sixth node from Melissa and Kalmaegi
has seen a number of unsual earthquakes following those events.
O: 04NOV2025 19:31:08 67.6N 142.8E MW=4.8 EMSC NORTHEASTERN SAKHA, RUSSIA
The strongest earthquake in the world today outside of Kamchatka was an M 5.9
south of Guam. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in Guam at Tamuning, Yigo, Hagatna and Hagatna Heights.
This earthquake may have been triggered by Typhoon Kalmaegi as that storm
passed near Guam on October 31 and November 1, 2025 as noted at the time in this
summary:
"TS Kalmaegi formed today in the region of the north Pacific southwest of Guam with winds up to 50 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks to the west encounter Leyte and Samar, Philippines around November 3, 2025 as a typhoon. The area is currently experienceing aftershocks from major events lat month and could see a further significant event with Typhoon Kalmaegi. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time with the full moon of November 6. The antipode is at 11S 44E - is in the South Atlantic near Brazil and is not likely to see seismic enhancement at this time." (November 1, 2025)
A second storm (TD 32W) also formed south of Guam today and also probably
provided energy helping to promote today's event of M 5.9 in Guam. This
was described in this summary as:
"TD 32W formed today in the region south of Guam with winds up to 45 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity in Guam in the next several days. The antipode is at 10S 37W in the South Atlantic and is not expected to see enhanced seismicity at this time." (November 4, 2025)
The last earthquake reported in the region of Guam with M>=5.9 occurred on
August 10, 2025 with M 5.9 and also with M 5.9 on June 23, 2020. The last of larger
magnitude within about 200 km of today's epicenter was an M 6.7 on September 17, 2014.
At the time this summary noted:
"A major earthquake of M 6.6-7.1 hit the region of Guam in the Mariana Islands today.
This is the first of several strong earthquakes expected from the results of the
X-flare and geomagnetic storm of the past five days. But in addition to solar
flare effects (SFE) and geomagnetic induction effects, the area has also been
subject to two major tropical storms in the past week and was situated near maximum
tidal effects from the full moon of September 9. All of these probably played
a triggering role in this earthquake in Guam today, the largest in that region
since events of M 6.6 and 6.9 on August 13 and 14, 2010 and of M 6.7 on May 9, 2008.
Today's event was given M 6.7-7.1 by NEIC which reported it was felt with intensity
V in Guam at Tamuning, Barrigada, Yona, Umatacm, Mangilao, Yigo, Talofofo; IV in Hagatna, Dededo, Santa Rita, Asan, Sinajana and in the Mariana Islands at Gualo Rai and Koblerville, Saipan, and in Tota and Tinian with intensity III-IV.
It was preceded three minutes earlier by an M 5.6 in Vanuatu and followed three minutes later by an M 4.7 in Pakistan in the Hindu Kush region.
As this earthquake was at more than 100 km depth effects on the surface were
mitigated and no major damage or injuries were reported. Due to the depth
no tsunami was generated.
A new tropical cyclone is forming east of the Philippines and passed Guam several days ago. It is currently
located in the area west of Guam at 14N 137E with winds up to 23 kts.
On meteorological grounds, the earthquake in Guam had been anticipated in the last three summaries as follows:
"Typhoon Kalmaegi (Depression 15W) continued over the northern Philippine Islands with winds up to 80 kts.
It is expected to move to the west and pass over northern Philippines around September 15.
A seismic watch may be called as this storm approaches the Philippines. Some
increased seismicity in the Caroline and Mariana Islands may also occur." (September 12-15, 2014)
(editor's note - yes that reference to Typhoon Kalmaegi is correct for 2014. Tropical
Storm names are recycled and it happened that it is time for Kalmaegi to reused.)
A month ago this summary noted the relation between strong earthquakes in Guam
and regional tropical storms as follows:
"Seismicity in the region of Guam is often activated by strong storms
in that region. This results in a tendency for local seismicity to concentrate
in summer months. The largest recent earthquakes in the area occurred in late July,
2011 (M 5.6, 5.6); July and August, 2010 (M 5.5, 5.5). In the past 20 years
128 earthquakes of M>=5.3 have hit near Guam. Of these 45, nearly a third
have occurred in the summer monts of July, August and September while only
about 30 would have been expected by chance." (July 27, 2013, August 13, 2014)
Another triggering factor for this earthquake in Guam may have been tides from
the full moon of September 9. Maximum tidal stress occurred when Guam was sub-solar,
a time of maximum tidal stresses. This summary noted this at the time as follows:
"The full moon was complete at 01:38 UT on September 9. Areas which are sub-solar
at this time are within about 20 degrees of 22 West longitude and those at anti-solar
locations are within about 20 degrees of 158 East longitude. ... tidal triggering can occur in other
tectonic zones in which seismicity is moderated by fluids such as water or
magma. Seismicity in these regions could increase at this time." (September 8-13, 2014)
In addition to tidal and meteorological stresses, Guam is also located on the
geomagnetic equator. The strong X-ray flare and subsequent major geomagnetic
storm had been expected (in this summary) to bring about a strong earthquake
in this area at this time." (September 17, 2014)
An aftershock of M 4.8 in Guam followed near local solar noon on November 5.
NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in Guam at Santa Rita, Hagatna, Mangilao, Yona and in Rota, MP and II in Guam at Tamuning and Yigo.
O: 04NOV2025 07:37:23 12.4N 143.2E MW=5.9 EMSC GUAM REGION
O: 05NOV2025 03:03:45 13.6N 144.8E mb=4.8 EMSC GUAM REGION
An M 5.9 also occurred today in the region of Sulawesi, Indonesia. NEIC reported it was
probably felt with intensity up to IV in the Gorontalo area of Indonesia but this was not immediately confirmed by NEIC.
The last earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter with M>=5.9 occurred
on July 23, 2025 with M 6.3. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.2 in Sulawesi, Indonesia. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Sulawesi at Bitung; III in Tomohon and II in Manado.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Indonesia at Tatelu and possibly in Papar, Malaysia.
BMG reported intensity VIand M 6.3 in Tinombo/Palasa, Parigi, Moutong, Sulawesi; V in Rio Pakava, Donggala, IV in Bone Bolango, Gorontalo and III in Kab. Bolaang, Minahasa, Kotamobagu, Donggala, Toli, Buol Parigi, Tojo among others.
This event is the strongest earthquake in Sulawesi within about 200 km of this
epicenter since an M 7.5 on November 16, 2008. At the time this summary noted:
A strong earthquake of M 7.5-7.6 hit the region of Minahasa, Sulawesi, Indonesia.
NEIC reported the earthquake occurred with maximum intensity IX (strong damage)
at Poso, Indonesia more than 300 km from the epicenter. ... Maximum felt distance was about 1600 km at Darwin, Australia.
Bernama reported at least one person was killed and many injured and hundreds
of houses were damaged in the northern Gorontalo area on Sulawesi island of Indonesia.
At least 23 people were injured in Kwandang village, Gorontalo province. More than
700 houses fell in the Buol district 600 km north of Central Sulawesi north of
the capital Palu and another 500 were damaged. Information and communications
from Buol had been cut following the quake. No tsunami appears to have occurred although this was a shallow earthquake.
a tsunami warning was issued but no major event appeared within the first 90 minutes
and the warning was withdrawn. A tsunami did occur however and the sea level
briefly rose in many areas. Many residents fled the coast areas and roads
and are currenting camping on the highland areas." (November 16, 2008)
Today's epicenter in Sulawesi is at the sixth node (60 degrees) from the major earthquakes
in Kamchatka and was probably promoted by energy from that source.
"Node 6 (60 degrees)
Kamchatka to Baja California, Admiralty Islands, New Britain, New Guinea, Myanmar, Hindu Kush, Sulawesi" (July 20, 2025, July 23, 2025)
This epicenter is at 120 degrees (node 3) from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October
10, 2025 and at the sixth node (60 degrees) from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 04NOV2025 23:32:24 0.1S 123.1E MW=5.9 EMSC SULAWESI, INDONESIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.7 south of Tokyo, Japan was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of south of Tokyo, Japan in Tokyo.
O: 04NOV2025 22:17:30 34.8N 140.8E MW=4.7 EMSC NEAR EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.7 in the Western Indian-Antarctic Ridge was not felt in this remote area.
This appears to have been triggered by Hurricane Melissa in the north Atlantic
Ocean. This epicenter is exactly antipodal to the landfall of Hurricane Melissa
at 49N 53W in Labrador, Canada of October 31 and November 1. Antipodal
triggering of seismicity is not uncommon following major ocean storm landfalls.
This unusual earthquake epicenter is also at the sixth node from the eye of
Typhoon Kalmaegi (60 degrees). Other unusual earthquakes at this distance
from Kalmaegi today occurred in Sakha, Russia and in the United Arab Emirates
(UAR) - see discussion above.
This M 4.7 in the western Indian-Antarctic Ridge today is the largest earthquake
in this area within about 200 km of this epicenter since an M 5.5 on March 13, 2024.
O: 04NOV2025 13:31:28 49.2S 127.4E MB=4.7 EMSC WESTERN INDIAN-ANTARCTIC RIDGE
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in Tajikistan was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Tajikistan in Proletar and in Uzbekistan at Yangiyer, Guliston, Zomin Shaharchasi, Jizzax, Sirdaryo, Urtaowul, Tashkent, Salor, and Qibray.
This epicenter is at the sixth node (60 degrees) from recent major earthquakes
in Kamchatka and at the seventh node (51 degrees) from the eye of Typhoon Kalmaegi
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 05NOV2025 05:58:22 40.1N 69.1E MB=4.3 EMSC TAJIKISTAN
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 2.4 in Eastern Los Angeles, California was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Eastern Los Angeles, California in Moreno Valley.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL DEPRESSION 32W
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TD 32W 2025-11-04 00:00 UT 8.5N 143.2E 40 kts South of Guam
TD 32W continued today in the region south of Guam with winds up to 40 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity in Guam in the next several days following an M 5.9 earlier today. The antipode is at 9S 37W in the South Atlantic near northern Brazil and is not expected to see significant enhanced seismicity at this time.
TYPHOON KALMAEGI
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH KALMAEGI 2025-11-05 00:00 UT 12.1N 117.1E 100 kts East of Samar, Philippines
Typhoon Kalmaegi continued today in the region west of the central Philippines with winds up to 100 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks to the west in the Philippines around November 5-6, 2025 as a typhoon. Flooding and casualties were reported in the Philippines as this storm moved through.
The area is currently experienceing aftershocks from major events last month and could see a further significant event with Typhoon Kalmaegi. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time with the full moon of November 5. The antipode is at 12S 63E - is near Brazil and is not likely to see seismic enhancement at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 4, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2620 0131 0148 0320 M3.5 (November 4, 2025) 5.0E-02
Bolivia M 4.0 01:36 UT
Kamchatka M 6.0 03:45 UT M 5.1 03:36 UT M 4.5 03:26 UT
South Sandwich Is. M 5.1 03:21 UT
2600 0525 0528 0532 C3.4 (November 4, 2025) 1.3E-03
Kamchatka M 4.9 05:29 UT M 4.5 05:33 UT
2630 0611 0619 0639 C2.1 (November 4, 2025) 3.5E-03
Northern Alaska M 4.0 06:26 UT
Kamchatka M 5.4 06:28 UT
2660 0854 0902 0905 C2.6 (November 4, 2025) 1.4E-03
2690 1002 1013 1017 C4.6 (November 4, 2025) 2.5E-03
Timor M 3.9 10:03 UT
Java M 3.8 10:04 UT
2700 1109 1114 1128 C1.9 (November 4, 2025) 2.2E-03
2710 1141 1148 1151 C2.4 (November 4, 2025) 2.0E-03
Papua M 4.8 11:40 UT
2720 1151 1201 1207 C2.9 (November 4, 2025) 2.8E-03
2740 1416 1421 1427 C2.0 (November 4, 2025) 1.4E-03
Mindanao M 4.3 14:30 UT
New Zealand M 3.3 14:16 UT
2760 1715 1734 1910 X1.8 (November 4, 2025) 2.3E-01 *
Vancouver M 2.5 17:26 UT
Sakha, Russia M 4.8 19:31 UT
2790 2009 2019 2026 C9.3 (November 4, 2025) 7.5E-03
Kuril Is. M 4.5 20:16 UT
2800 2145 2201 2211 X1.1 (November 4, 2025) 9.0E-02
Honshu M 4.7 22:17 UT
Chiapas M 4.1 21:44 UT
2820 2233 2244 2256 M1.7 (November 4, 2025) 2.2E-02
Kuril Is. M 5.7 23:49 UT
Nevada M 3.5 23:39 UT
Kamchatka M 6.0 23:28 UT
Sulawesi M 5.9 23:32 UT
Kamchatka M 5.3 23:37 UT
Chiapas M 4.4 22:55 UT
Kamchatka M 4.5 22:51 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: quiet November 5 minor storms November 6-7. Solar M-flare chance: 65% X-class: 15% proton storm: 10%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 10 16 9 11:00 5 91 159
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 4, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A strong geomagnetic storm occurred today from about 09:00 UT through the end
of the day. K-index at high latitude reached 7 at the start of this storm which
was the strongest at high latitude with A of 48 since October 30 when A reached 58 at
high latitudes. It also is only the second storm to reach k-index of 7 in the past month and
the second strongest at high latitude in this period. Two storms of higher A-index have occurred
at middle latitudes in this time frame.
The onset of the major geomagnetic storm coincided with an M 6.1 at high
latitudes in Kamchatka at 08:45 UT. This was followed by the most active
day in seismicity in Kamchatka since an M 7.8 on September 18, 2025 with
additional events of M 5.8 and 6.0 among others. The GOES magnetometer indicates
two spikes in field strength with the sudden commencement storm occurring
around 07:31-08:45 UT and 11:30-12:50 UT with a peak in electron flux also
at these times.
A strong solar flare of M5.0 today was the strongest recorded by SWPC since
an M6.4 on September 28, 2025 (flare 4370 M6.4). The last X-class flare
recorded was an X1.9 on June 19, 2025 (#2550). Data from SWPC for today's
M5.0 and a smaller M1.6 which ran into the M5.0 solar flare follow:
Readers may note that this was coincident with the M 6.1 earthquake in
Kamchatka which occurred about three minutes after the onset of this flare
activity.
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2410 0841 0925 0938 M1.6 (November 3, 2025) 4.1E-02
Kamchatka M 6.1 08:44 UT M 5.0 08:59 UT Northern California M 2.1 09:16 UT
2420 0938 1011 1037 M5.0 (November 3, 2025) 1.3E-01
Fiji M 4.3 09:40 UT
Kamchatka M 4.8 10:02 UT
Kermadec M 4.7 10:12 UT
Honshu M 4.7 10:18 UT
Kyushu M 4.2 10:18 UT
The M 6.1 had been discussed in the previous issue of this summary as:
"A strong geomagnetic storm began at high latitudes today at about 09:00 UT November 3, 2025.
It reached high latitude k-index of 7 quickly, the strongest K-index at high latitudes in the previous month. This sudden commencement
storm is likely to trigger strong seismicity at high latitudes (Alaska, Kamchatka, Iceland for example)
at or near its onset with seismicity quickly returning to background shortly
thereafter.
A series of moderate to strong earthquakes occurred today in Kamchatka, Russia beginning with
the strong geomagnetic storm noted above. These included an M 5.8 and M 6.1
and were felt in the area of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Yelizovo, Russia.
These are aftershocks of the major earthquakes in Kamchatka of M 8.8 on July 29, 2025 and M 7.8 on September 18, 2025.
No earthquake of M>6.1 have occurred in Kamchatka since the M 7.8 of
mid-September 2025. Earthquakes of M 6.0-6.1 have occurred on October 3 and October 9, 2025 -
also with major geomagnetic storms." (November 3, 2025)
The epicenters in Kamchatka of the M 6.1 earthquake is located at 51.4 degrees (the seventh node) from
the position of the position of the eye of Typhoon Kalmaegi in the Philippines at the time of this event.
It is also at the same distance from recent strong earthquakes in the Philippines
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
Interested readers may recall that the landfall of Hurricane Melissa was also
followed by a significant earthquake hours later at 51.4 degrees in the area
off the coast of Oregon with M 5.4. At the time this summary noted this as:
"The earthquakes off Oregon are located at 51-52 degrees from the landfall
position of Hurricane Melissa in Jamaica and Cuba yesterday and today and
occurred while this landfall was occurring in Cuba. This is the seventh
node distance (51.4 degrees). It is likely that these events off Oregon
were promoted by energy from the landfall of Hurricane Melissa." (October 30, 2025)
O: 04NOV2025 03:26:19 51.8N 160.5E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 07:47:26 51.9N 160.7E mb=5.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 23:34:57 51.9N 161.0E mb=4.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 07:22:43 52.0N 160.6E mb=4.7 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 12:19:27 52.0N 160.1E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 22:30:49 52.0N 160.4E mb=4.7 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 00:25:52 52.0N 160.6E mb=4.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 10:53:56 52.1N 160.8E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 13:13:23 52.1N 160.9E mb=4.3 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 07:19:48 52.2N 160.0E mb=4.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 07:59:15 52.2N 160.5E mb=4.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 11:33:59 52.2N 160.4E mb=4.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 12:06:52 52.2N 160.7E mb=4.7 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 07:10:25 52.3N 160.0E mb=5.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 08:44:43 52.3N 160.2E Mw=6.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 10:01:54 52.3N 160.3E mb=4.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 11:21:34 52.3N 159.7E mb=4.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 11:46:49 52.3N 160.1E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 16:34:27 52.3N 160.1E mb=4.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 22:17:01 52.3N 160.0E mb=4.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 00:17:13 52.3N 159.9E mb=4.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 03:36:05 52.3N 160.1E mb=5.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 04:45:30 52.3N 160.5E Mw=5.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 05:04:55 52.3N 160.6E mb=4.5 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 05:29:37 52.3N 160.4E mb=4.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 05:33:41 52.3N 160.0E mb=4.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 11:37:49 52.4N 160.6E mb=5.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 11:56:04 52.4N 160.4E mb=4.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 16:54:23 52.4N 160.3E mb=4.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 03:45:11 52.4N 160.1E Mw=6.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 03:58:17 52.4N 160.1E mb=5.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 04:11:49 52.4N 160.0E mb=5.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 06:28:26 52.4N 160.2E mb=5.4 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 08:59:49 52.5N 159.2E mb=5.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 04:13:45 52.5N 159.4E mb=5.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 04:22:58 52.5N 159.5E mb=4.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 04NOV2025 05:14:56 52.5N 159.1E mb=4.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 11:47:25 52.7N 159.3E mb=4.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 08:07:36 52.8N 159.4E mb=4.9 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 15:23:18 53.0N 159.9E mb=4.3 EMSC NEAR EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 22:46:24 53.3N 160.5E MB=4.4 EMSC NEAR EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
The strongest earthquake in the world today outside of Kamchatka was an M 5.9
south of Guam. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in Guam at Tamuning, Yigo, Hagatna and Hagatna Heights.
This earthquake may have been triggered by Typhoon Kalmaegi as that storm
passed near Guam on October 31 and November 1, 2025 as noted at the time in this
summary:
"TS Kalmaegi formed today in the region of the north Pacific southwest of Guam with winds up to 50 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks to the west encounter Leyte and Samar, Philippines around November 3, 2025 as a typhoon. The area is currently experienceing aftershocks from major events lat month and could see a further significant event with Typhoon Kalmaegi. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time with the full moon of November 6. The antipode is at 11S 44E - is in the South Atlantic near Brazil and is not likely to see seismic enhancement at this time." (November 1, 2025)
A second storm (TD 32W) also formed south of Guam today and also probably
provided energy helping to promote today's event of M 5.9 in Guam. This
was described in this summary as:
"TD 32W formed today in the region south of Guam with winds up to 45 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity in Guam in the next several days. The antipode is at 10S 37W in the South Atlantic and is not expected to see enhanced seismicity at this time." (November 4, 2025)
The last earthquake reported in the region of Guam with M>=5.9 occurred on
August 10, 2025 with M 5.9 and also with M 5.9 on June 23, 2020. The last of larger
magnitude within about 200 km of today's epicenter was an M 6.7 on September 17, 2014.
At the time this summary noted:
"A major earthquake of M 6.6-7.1 hit the region of Guam in the Mariana Islands today.
This is the first of several strong earthquakes expected from the results of the
X-flare and geomagnetic storm of the past five days. But in addition to solar
flare effects (SFE) and geomagnetic induction effects, the area has also been
subject to two major tropical storms in the past week and was situated near maximum
tidal effects from the full moon of September 9. All of these probably played
a triggering role in this earthquake in Guam today, the largest in that region
since events of M 6.6 and 6.9 on August 13 and 14, 2010 and of M 6.7 on May 9, 2008.
Today's event was given M 6.7-7.1 by NEIC which reported it was felt with intensity
V in Guam at Tamuning, Barrigada, Yona, Umatacm, Mangilao, Yigo, Talofofo; IV in Hagatna, Dededo, Santa Rita, Asan, Sinajana and in the Mariana Islands at Gualo Rai and Koblerville, Saipan, and in Tota and Tinian with intensity III-IV.
It was preceded three minutes earlier by an M 5.6 in Vanuatu and followed three minutes later by an M 4.7 in Pakistan in the Hindu Kush region.
As this earthquake was at more than 100 km depth effects on the surface were
mitigated and no major damage or injuries were reported. Due to the depth
no tsunami was generated.
A new tropical cyclone is forming east of the Philippines and passed Guam several days ago. It is currently
located in the area west of Guam at 14N 137E with winds up to 23 kts.
On meteorological grounds, the earthquake in Guam had been anticipated in the last three summaries as follows:
"Typhoon Kalmaegi (Depression 15W) continued over the northern Philippine Islands with winds up to 80 kts.
It is expected to move to the west and pass over northern Philippines around September 15.
A seismic watch may be called as this storm approaches the Philippines. Some
increased seismicity in the Caroline and Mariana Islands may also occur." (September 12-15, 2014)
(editor's note - yes that reference to Typhoon Kalmaegi is correct for 2014. Tropical
Storm names are recycled and it happened that it is time for Kalmaegi to reused.)
A month ago this summary noted the relation between strong earthquakes in Guam
and regional tropical storms as follows:
"Seismicity in the region of Guam is often activated by strong storms
in that region. This results in a tendency for local seismicity to concentrate
in summer months. The largest recent earthquakes in the area occurred in late July,
2011 (M 5.6, 5.6); July and August, 2010 (M 5.5, 5.5). In the past 20 years
128 earthquakes of M>=5.3 have hit near Guam. Of these 45, nearly a third
have occurred in the summer monts of July, August and September while only
about 30 would have been expected by chance." (July 27, 2013, August 13, 2014)
Another triggering factor for this earthquake in Guam may have been tides from
the full moon of September 9. Maximum tidal stress occurred when Guam was sub-solar,
a time of maximum tidal stresses. This summary noted this at the time as follows:
"The full moon was complete at 01:38 UT on September 9. Areas which are sub-solar
at this time are within about 20 degrees of 22 West longitude and those at anti-solar
locations are within about 20 degrees of 158 East longitude. ... tidal triggering can occur in other
tectonic zones in which seismicity is moderated by fluids such as water or
magma. Seismicity in these regions could increase at this time." (September 8-13, 2014)
In addition to tidal and meteorological stresses, Guam is also located on the
geomagnetic equator. The strong X-ray flare and subsequent major geomagnetic
storm had been expected (in this summary) to bring about a strong earthquake
in this area at this time." (September 17, 2014)
O: 04NOV2025 07:37:23 12.4N 143.2E MW=5.9 EMSC GUAM REGION
An earthquake of M 5.5 in the region off the coast of Atacama, Chile was widely
felt in that area today. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in Atacama, Chile at Vallenar and Copiapo and in Coquimbo, Chile.
CSN reported it was felt in Atacama with intensity V in Copiapo, Tierra Amarilla, Caldera; IV in Chanarl and II-III in Diego de Almagro, Freirina, Huasco, Vallenar and Alto del Carmen, Chile.
The last earthquake within about 150 km of this epicenter in Atacama, Chile
of M>=5.5 was an M 5.7 on September 15, 2023. At that time this summary noted:
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.7-5.9 in the area off the coast of
Atacama, Chile. GUC reported this earthquake was felt with intensity III in Atacama at Copiapo, Tierra Amarilla and Caldera, Chile.
This earthquake occurred with the new moon within about an hour of local solar
noon and was probably promoted by tidal stresses associated with that alignment
...
A similar M 5.9 hit Atacama with the full moon on April 4, 2023. At the time this summary noted:
"An M 5.9 also shook the region of Central Chile in Atacama today. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity VI in Copiapo with IV in Diego de Almagro and in La Serena, Coquimbo, Chile.
This is the largest earthquake in the Atacama region of Chile since an M 6.0 on
July 4, 2021. That earthquake was associated with an X1.2 solar flare and
a strong activation of western North America. At the time this summary noted:
"A series of moderately large to large earthquake hit along the western coastline
of North and South America today. These included an M 5.6-5.7 in Nayarit, Gulf of
California; two events of M 5.8-6.0 in Atacama, Chile and a series of light,
but widely felt quakes in southern and central California of M 3.4-3.6.
Much of this activity may be related to an X1.5 solar flare which occurred
when the region of Atacama was sub-solar at 14:30 UT (#6940). This is the strongest solar flare
reported since X9 and X8 flares on September 6 and 10, 2017, nearly four years ago. ...
Two strong earthquakes of M 5.9-6.0 struck the Atacama area of Central Chile today. They were felt with maximum intensity IX (local damage) at Vallenar; V in Vicuna and Ovalle, Coquimbo and IV in Coquimbo at Coquimbo, Copiapo, and IV in Valparaiso at Vina del Mar and Quilpue, Chile.
... The last earthquake of M>=6 within about 200 km of today's activity was
a series on September 1, 2020 including events of M 6.8, 6.5 and 6.3 and
prior to that an M 6.9 on November 11, 2015." (July 4, 2021, April 4, 2023, September 16, 2023)
O: 03NOV2025 15:51:52 27.4S 71.5W MW=5.5 EMSC OFFSHORE ATACAMA, CHILE
O: 03NOV2025 15:51:55 27.5S 71.5W MW=5.6 CSN OFFSHORE ATACAMA, CHILE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.0 in northern Alaska was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of northern Alaska with III in Kotzebue and Noatak and II in Deering.
This epicenter is at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the landfall of Typhoon Kalmaegi and
other recent major quakes in the Central Philippines and at 146 degrees from the Drake
Passage and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 04NOV2025 06:26:14 66.5N 162.6W ML=4.0 EMSC NORTHERN ALASKA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.1 in Papua New Guinea was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Papua New Guinea with III in Port Moresby.
This epicenter is located at 60 degrees from the the recent major quakes in Kamchatka
and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 04NOV2025 05:13:05 5.8S 148.9E MB=5.1 EMSC NEW BRITAIN REGION, P.N.G.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.7 in Nepal was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Nepal with III at Khadbari, Sankhuwasabha.
This epicenter is located at 142 degrees from the Drake Passage and may
have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 03NOV2025 20:57:21 28.5N 87.4E MB=4.7 EMSC WESTERN XIZANG
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 in Western Turkey was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Western Turkey with III in Silivri, Istanbul, Bursa, Aliaga, Izmir, Bandirma, Balikesir and II in Istanbul.
EMSC reported strong shaking in Turkey at Sindirgi, Gordes, Yarbasan, Koprubasi, Akhisar, Simav, Balikesir, Sevastepe, Soma, Salihi, Kinik, Saruhanli, Ahmetli, Alasehir, Turgutlu, Ucpinar, Mustafakemalpasa, Manisa. Karaoglani. It was felt lightly within about 200 km of the epicenter in Turkey.
This epicenter is located at 90 degrees (node 4) from the landfall of Typhoon
Kalmaegi; and the recent major earthquakes in central Philippines and may
have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 03NOV2025 12:35:37 39.2N 28.3E MB=5.0 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 03NOV2025 20:23:36 39.2N 28.2E Mw=4.3 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in Costa Rica was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Costa Rica in Tilaran and Nuevo Arenal.
O: 03NOV2025 15:36:38 10.6N 85.0W ML=4.2 EMSC COSTA RICA
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL DEPRESSION 32W
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TD 32W 2025-11-04 00:00 UT 9.2N 142.9E 45 kts South of Guam
TD 32W formed today in the region south of Guam with winds up to 45 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity in Guam in the next several days. The antipode is at 10S 37W in the South Atlantic and is not expected to see enhanced seismicity at this time.
TYPHOON KALMAEGI
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH KALMAEGI 2025-11-04 00:00 UT 10.4N 121.8E 85 kts Negros, Philippines
TS Kalmaegi continued today in the region of the central Philippines with winds up to 85 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks to the west in the Philippines around November 3-4, 2025 as a typhoon. Flooding and casualties were reported in the Philippines as this storm moved through.
The area is currently experienceing aftershocks from major events last month and could see a further significant event with Typhoon Kalmaegi. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time with the full moon of November 5. The antipode is at 10S 58E - is in the South Atlantic near Brazil and is not likely to see seismic enhancement at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 3, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
XXXX 0110 0145 0320 M4.0 (November 4, 2025) 1.2E-01
Bolivia M 4.0 01:36 UT
Kamchatka M 6.0 03:45 UT M 5.1 03:36 UT M 4.5 03:26 UT
South Sandwich Is. M 5.1 03:21 UT
2350 0356 0430 0506 C7.1 (November 3, 2025) 2.2E-02
Hawaii M 3.6 04:07 UT
Molucca M 5.3 04:21 UT
Kuril Is. M 5.3 03:55 UT
2370 0643 0649 0651 C3.0 (November 3, 2025) 1.8E-03
Kamchatka M 5.8 07:10 UT
Coast Oregon M 2.8 07:10 UT
Nevada M 2.3 06:59 UT
2410 0841 0925 0938 M1.6 (November 3, 2025) 4.1E-02
Kamchatka M 6.1 08:44 UT M 5.0 08:59 UT Northern California M 2.1 09:16 UT
2420 0938 1011 1037 M5.0 (November 3, 2025) 1.3E-01
Fiji M 4.3 09:40 UT
Kamchatka M 4.8 10:02 UT
Kermadec M 4.7 10:12 UT
Honshu M 4.7 10:18 UT
Kyushu M 4.2 10:18 UT
2440 1219 1235 1237 M2.9 (November 3, 2025) 2.9E-02
Western Turkey M 5.0 12:36 UT
Kamchatka M 4.7 12:19 UT
Banda Sea M 4.1 12:25 UT
2610 1237 1247 1251 M3.3 (November 3, 2025) 3.0E-02
Western Turkey M 5.0 12:36 UT
2450 1557 1602 1605 C1.5 (November 3, 2025) 7.8E-04
Atacama M 5.5 15:52 UT
Oaxaca M 4.2 16:08 UT
2460 1652 1659 1703 C1.8 (November 3, 2025) 1.2E-03
Banda Sea M 4.0 17:03 UT
Kamchatka M 4.9 16:54 UT
Sumbawa M 4.3 16:58 UT
2470 1704 1708 1710 M1.5 (November 3, 2025) 4.0E-03
Banda Sea M 4.0 17:03 UT
2500 2103 2112 2119 C2.1 (November 3, 2025) 1.8E-03
Antofagasta M 4.3 21:22 UT
2510 2143 2151 2200 C2.0 (November 3, 2025) 2.1E-03
New Guinea M 4.8 21:57 UT
2520 2212 2228 2237 C4.5 (November 3, 2025) 5.0E-03
Kamchatka M 4.9 22:17 UT 22:30 UT M 4.7
Guatemala M 4.0 22:40 UT
Northern California M 2.8 22:18 UT C8.7
2540 2337 0008 0033 C8.7 (November 3, 2025) 2.2E-02
Kamchatka M 4.4 23:35 UT M 4.8 00:17 UT M 4.4 00:25 UT
Sumatra M 4.0 23:48 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: unsettled November 4 quiet November 5 minor storms November 6. Solar M-flare chance: 55% X-class: 10% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 18 31 15 16:00 5 87 133
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 3, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A strong earthquake occurred in north-central Afghanistan. Press reports indicate
at least 20 were killed in this event while hundreds were injured. Damage was
extensive in the epicentral area. EMSC reported a severe earthquake in Afghanistan in Mazar-e Sharif Dehdadi, Qarchi Gak, Kunduz, and in Uzbekistan at Tirmiz, Sho'rchi, and felt as far as Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. NEIC reported intensity VI in Afghanistan at Mazar-e Sharif and Dawlat and in Termiz, Uzbekistan with IV in Sho'rchi and Kattaqo'rg'on, and in Tajikistan at Kofarnihon, Dushanbe and in Afghanistan at Dahana, Balh, it was also felt with lightly with intensity II-III in Uzbekistan at Buxoro, Samarkand, Jomboy, Tashkent, Kimyogarlar, Qarshi, Urganch; in Tajikistan at Obigarm and in Asgabat, Turkmenistan. This event occurred during a moderate
geomagnetic storm near local solar midnight and may have been promoted by
energy associated with that event which reached high latitude K-index of 5 at the time of the storm.
This is the strongest earthquake in Afghanistan within about 200 km of this
epicenter in at least 35 years. The only such event in this time of M>=6.0
was an M 6.1 on May 1, 2006. When an M 5.6 occurred near today's epicenter on April 18, 2010
this summary noted:
"A moderate earthquake of M 5.7 was also felt in the region of Central
Afghanistan at Capchal, Samangan, Afghanistan. NEIC reported intensity
IV at Baghlan, Mazar-e Sharif, Pangab and II-III in Baghrami, Baraki Barak,
Dushambe, Gaz Aab, Kabul, Shebergan and Sahrak, Afghanistan.
Reuters did not report any immediate damages or injuries. This is the
second strongest earthquake in Afghanistan in the current year and the
largest since Feb. 27 of M 5.7. It is the strongest in this region of Central
Afghanistan since an M 5.9 about 200 km southeast of this on October 5,
2008." (April 18, 2010)
This epicenter is near the sixth node (60 degrees) from recent major earthquakes
in Central Philippines and Kamchatka and at the sixth node (59.9 degrees) from the landfall of
Typhoon Kalmaegi in central Philippines and may have been promoted by
energy from those sources.
This summary had expected Typhoon Kalmaegi to have this effects as noted
in this and previous issues of this summary:
"TS Kalmaegi continued today in the region of the north Pacific east of central Philippines with winds up to 100 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks to the west encountering Leyte and Samar, Philippines around November 3-4, 2025 as a typhoon. The area is currently experienceing aftershocks from major events last month and could see a further significant event with Typhoon Kalmaegi. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time with the full moon of November 5. The antipode is at 10S 53E - is in the South Atlantic near Brazil and is not likely to see seismic enhancement at this time." (November 2-3, 2025)
Readers may recall that following the landfall of Hurricane Melissa earlier
in the week, several moderate earthquakes of M 5.4 occurred at 50 degrees
from the eye of that hurricane - in Iceland and in the Kenai Peninsula,
Alaska. This was reported in this summary at the time as:
"This epicenter in Iceland is at 60.0 degrees (node 6) from the landfall position
of Hurricane Melissa of October 29 and occurred as that landfall was occurring." (October 29, 2025)
and
"This epicenter (in Kenai Alaska) was probably also promoted by energy associated with Hurricane
Melissa. It is located at 60.0 degrees from the position of the eye of
Melissa at the time of the earthquake. This is similar to the circumstances
associated with the M 5.4 in Central Iceland reported in the previous issue ..." (October 31, 2025)
It is possible that stress conditions set up at time of major storm landfalls
favor triggering of seismicity at the sixth node (60 degrees). This can be
verified by examination of previous data and other landfall events. Other
earthquakes today near the sixth node from landfall of Kalmaegi occurred in the
Rat Islands, Aleutians (M 4.5). This event occurred about 10 minutes before
the earthquake in Afghanistan.
O: 02NOV2025 20:29:01 36.6N 67.5E MW=6.3 EMSC CENTRAL AFGHANISTAN
O: 02NOV2025 20:19:54 51.2N 178.3E MB=4.5 EMSC RAT ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
A strong geomagnetic storm began at high latitudes today at about 09:00 UT November 3, 2025.
It reached high latitude k-index of 7 quickly, the strongest K-index at high latitudes in the previous month. This sudden commencement
storm is likely to trigger strong seismicity at high latitudes (Alaska, Kamchatka, Iceland for example)
at or near its onset with seismicity quickly returning to background shortly
thereafter.
A series of moderate to strong earthquakes occurred today beginning with
the strong geomagnetic storm noted above. These included an M 5.8 and M 6.1
and were felt in the area of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Yelizovo, Russia.
These are aftershocks of the major earthquakes in Kamchatka of M 8.8 on July 29, 2025 and M 7.8 on September 18, 2025.
No earthquake of M>6.1 have occurred in Kamchatka since the M 7.8 of
mid-September 2025. Earthquakes of M 6.0-6.1 have occurred on October 3 and October 9, 2025 -
also with major geomagnetic storms.
These epicenters in Kamchatka are located at the seventh node (51 degrees) from
the position of the landfall of Typhoon Kalmaegi in the Philippines today
and at the same distance from recent strong earthquakes in the Philippines
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 03NOV2025 08:07:38 52.8N 159.0E MB=5.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 07:19:46 52.2N 160.2E mb=4.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 01:49:14 52.3N 160.0E mb=5.0 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 07:10:23 52.3N 160.1E mb=5.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 08:44:40 52.3N 160.1E Mw=6.1 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 02:40:10 52.6N 159.6E mb=4.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
O: 03NOV2025 07:59:13 52.0N 160.4E mb=4.8 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
A moderate earthquake of M 5.5 also occurred today in the Central Philippines
as Typhoon Kalmaegi was making landfall and was probably promoted by energy
from that source. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV inthe Philippines in the Central Visayas in Lepanto, Asia and III in Sipalay, Nabitasan, Bacong, Cagbang, Banilad, Talisay, Bayawan, and Diwan.
EMSC reported moderate to strong shaking in the Philippines at Mabinay, Bais, Candoni, Maninihon, Suay, Bacuyangan, Talaban, Sibulan, Bacolod City, Alegria, Concepcion, Talisay, Dipolog, Tigum, Balabag, Tangke, Cebu City, Apas, Consolacion.
The last earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter in the Negros area
of the Philippines with M>=5.5 occurred as an M 6.2 on May 15, 2014. At the time
this summary noted:
"The earthquake in the Philippines was widely felt throughout most of the area of Mindanao and Negros.
Phivolcs reported intensity V in Hinoba-an and Sipalay, Newgro Occidental; IV in Iloilo City; Bago City; Pandan, Antique, Basay, Newgros Occ; Binalbagan, Negros Occ. Bayawan Cityk, Negros Oriental; III in Roxas City, Bais City; La Carlota City; Zamboanga City, Lapulapu City; Cebu City, La Castellana, Negros Occ; Bacolod City; Dumaguete City, Jagna, Bohol; Oton, Iloilo; Tayasan; Jimalalud; Ayungon; and Sibulan, Negros Or.; Dipolog City; Nueva Valencia, Guimaras; Anini-y, Antique, Siquijor Island; Tagbilaran City; II in San Jose, Antique; Sibalom, Antique, Pagadian City; Cagayan de Oro City; Osamis City, San Remegio, Culasi, Sebaste and Tobias Fornier, Antique and I in Masbate City; Kalibo, Aklan; Labason; Polanco and Manukan, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines.
EMSC reported maximum intensity in Dumaguete, La Carlota City, Iloilo City, Minglanilla, Cebu City and Mandaue City, Philippines. There were no immediate reports of damage or casualties.
This is the strongest earthquake to occur within 200 km of this epicenter since
events of M 6.7 on February 6, 2012 and July 11, 2011 of M 6.7 and 6.2 respectively.
The earthquake of 2012 was damaging and deadly in the region and occurred
within two days of the full moon. The quake of July, 2011 occurred three days
before the full moon." (May 15, 2014)
This is not a classical aftershock of recent major earthquakes in the region as it
occurred nearly 500 km west and south of those mainshocks.
A series of strong volcanic eruptions is also occurring the the central
Philippines at this time. These area probably related to the events
in Leyte and Mindanao of M>7 in the recent past.
O: 02NOV2025 19:06:54 9.7N 122.9E MW=5.5 EMSC NEGROS, PHILIPPINES
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 in Veracruz, Mexico was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Veracruz, Mexico at Tlalnepantla.
O: 02NOV2025 23:19:29 17.8N 94.2W MB=5.0 EMSC VERACRUZ, MEXICO
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.7 in Bio-Bio, Chile was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Bio-Bio, Chile with III in Talcahuano.
EMSC reported moderate and quick shaking in Bio-Bio at Coronel and Concepcion.
This epicenter is located at 144-147 degrees from the landfall of Typhoon Kalmaegi and recent major earthquakes
in the Central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 02NOV2025 18:51:49 36.9S 73.9W MB=4.7 EMSC OFFSHORE BIO-BIO, CHILE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in Armenia was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Armenia with III in Tbilisi, Georgia.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Armenia at Mayisyan, Gyumri, Arrap'i, Spitak, Yerevan, Vanadzor, Gugark', Tsqmet'i, Tbilisi, Zahesi, Georgia.
This epicenter is located at the fifth node (72 degrees) from Kamchatka and may have been
promoted by energy from that source.
O: 02NOV2025 15:49:31 41.1N 44.0E MB=4.3 EMSC ARMENIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in Western Turkey was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Western Turkey in Halkidiki, Greece and in Istanbul, Turkey.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Western Turkey at Sindirgi, Gordes, Demirci, Akhisar, Soma, Dursunbey, Balikesir, Manisa, Muradiye among others.
This epicenter is located at 90 degrees (node 4) from the landfall of Typhoon
Kalmaegi; and the recent major earthquakes in central Philippines and may
have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 02NOV2025 12:41:09 39.2N 28.2E MB=4.9 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.2 in the Channel Islands, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Channel Islands, California in San Diego.
This epicenter is located at 103 degrees from the landfall of Typhoon Kalmaegi today;
the major earthquakes in central Philippines and the Drake Passage and may have been promoted
by constructive interference of energy from these sources.
O: 02NOV2025 08:04:18 33.4N 119.1W ML=3.1 EMSC CHANNEL ISLANDS REG., CALIFORN
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 2.3 in San Francisco, California was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of San Francisco, California in Alameda, San Leandro.
This epicenter is located at 102 degrees from the major earthquake in Mindanao, Philippines and
may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 02NOV2025 13:05:24 37.8N 122.2W MD=2.4 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TYPHOON KALMAEGI
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TYPH KALMAEGI 2025-11-03 00:00 UT 10.4N 127.7E 100 kts North Pacific Ocean
TS Kalmaegi continued today in the region of the north Pacific east of central Philippines with winds up to 100 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks to the west encountering Leyte and Samar, Philippines around November 3-4, 2025 as a typhoon. The area is currently experienceing aftershocks from major events last month and could see a further significant event with Typhoon Kalmaegi. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time with the full moon of November 5. The antipode is at 10S 53E - is in the South Atlantic near Brazil and is not likely to see seismic enhancement at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 2, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2170 0013 0026 0037 M1.0 (November 2, 2025) 9.9E-03
Drake Passage M 5.0 00:16 UT
2250 1233 1246 1256 C8.2 (November 2, 2025) 9.9E-03
Western Turkey M 4.9 12:41 UT
Southern Peru M 4.1 12:41 UT
Southern Peru M 4.9 12:47 UT
San Francisco M 2.4 13:05 UT
2260 2108 2119 2126 C3.7 (November 2, 2025) 2.7E-03
Kuril Is. M 4.5 21:16 UT
2270 2229 2235 2238 C2.8 (November 2, 2025) 1.1E-03
2280 2353 0003 0007 C4.5 (November 2, 2025) 2.4E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active November 3 unsettled November 4 quiet November 5. Solar M-flare chance: 25% X-class: 5% proton storm: 5%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 18 31 15 16:00 5 43 123
A strong geomagnetic storm began at high latitudes today at about 09:00 UT November 3, 2025.
It reached high latitude k-index of 7 quickly. This sudden commencement
storm is likely to trigger strong seismicity at high latitudes (Alaska, Kamchatka, Iceland for example)
at or near its onset with seismicity quickly returning to background shortly
thereafter.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 2, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
It was a relatively quiet day in global seismicity today. There were no significant
earthquakes of M>5 recorded. Currently there are few triggers for seismicity with
tropical storms quiet, no major solar flares and a moderate geomagnetic storm. These
conditions often lead to quiet seismicity. This may change in the next several
days, however, as several active solar flare producing area are rotating into
earth-effective position; a super full moon is due November 5 and a tropical
cyclone east of the central Philippines should make landfall in an active
region of Samar and Leyte, Philippines in the next two days. Effects from the
full moon have been noted in this summary in previous issues as:
"The full moon will arrive on November 5, 2025 at 13:19 UT. This is the closest
super-moon of the year (the moon is closest to earth at this time). Tidal stresses
will be exceptionally high and could lead to considerable seismic enhancement next week.
Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time are in the central Atlantic near 30 West longitude including the mid-Atlantic Ridge and Iceland while those at anti-solar positions are
near 150 East Longitude and include areas of eastern Indonesia, Kamchatka, Japan. These
are most likely to see tidal promotion of seismicity at this time but many areas
can see enhanced seismicity with the full moon which are not sub- or anti-solar.
Global seismicity is expected to moderate to moderately high November 3-8, 2025." (October 29-31, 2025)
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in Northern Sumatra was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Northern Sumatra with II in Meulaboh Aceh.
This epicenter is at the fifth node (72 degrees) from Kamchatka and at the third node from
the Drake Passage and may have been promoteed by energy from those sources.
O: 01NOV2025 21:00:09 4.0N 96.0E MB=4.9 EMSC OFF W COAST OF NORTHERN
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.7 east of Los Angeles, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of east of Los Angeles, California in Big Bear City (III) and in Los Angeles, California.
This epicenter is at 104-105 degrees from recent major events in the Central Philipines and
the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 01NOV2025 19:31:36 34.3N 116.8W ML=2.7 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.7 in Northern Nevada was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Northern Nevada in Glenbrook.
This epicenter is at 104-107 degrees from recent major events in the Central Philipines and
the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 01NOV2025 19:15:15 38.5N 116.5W ML=3.7 EMSC NEVADA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in southern Idaho was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of southern Idaho in Lava Hot Springs.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in Iran-Iraq border was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Iran-Iraq border in Khanaqin, Iraq.
O: 01NOV2025 11:25:02 34.2N 45.4E MB=4.6 EMSC IRAN-IRAQ BORDER REGION
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL STORM KALMAEGI
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS KALMAEGI 2025-11-02 00:00 UT 11.3N 133.3E 65 kts North Pacific Ocean
TS Kalmaegi continued today in the region of the north Pacific southwest of Guam with winds up to 65 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks to the west encounter Leyte and Samar, Philippines around November 3-4, 2025 as a typhoon. The area is currently experienceing aftershocks from major events last month and could see a further significant event with Typhoon Kalmaegi. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time with the full moon of November 6. The antipode is at 11S 47E - is in the South Atlantic near Brazil and is not likely to see seismic enhancement at this time.
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of November 1, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2060 0816 0830 0841 C3.0 (November 1, 2025) 3.1E-03
Kuril Is. M 4.2 08:20 UT
Los Angeles M 2.0 08:39 UT
2080 1027 1034 1039 C1.2 (November 1, 2025) 8.0E-04
Banda Sea M 4.0 10:46 UT
2120 1649 1655 1700 C4.7 (November 1, 2025) 2.1E-03
Fiji M 4.4 16:50 UT
2140 2311 2322 2335 C2.8 (November 1, 2025) 3.3E-03
Fiji M 4.5 23:27 UT
2150 2348 2358 0006 C1.8 (November 1, 2025) 2.0E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active November 2-3 unsettled November 4. Solar M-flare chance: 25% X-class: 5% proton storm: 5%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 14 24 9 16:00 5 24 115
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
November 1, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A strong geomagnetic storm began mid-day on October 31 and continued above SWPC alert levels
through most of November 1, 2025. This could lead to enhancement of ionospheric
ring currents and ultimate in a couple of days to increased induced telluric
currents in the earth under these currents. This can then lead to enhanced
seismicity in areas near the geomagnetic equator and at high latitude. A moderate proton enhancement
late on November 1 may mitigate the effects of the electron flux however. Enhanced seismicity
seems most likely with the full moon of November 5 as noted in previous
issues of this summary:
"The full moon will arrive on November 5, 2025 at 13:19 UT. This is the closest
super-moon of the year (the moon is closest to earth at this time). Tidal stresses
will be exceptionally high and could lead to considerable seismic enhancement next week.
Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time are in the central Atlantic near 30 West longitude including the mid-Atlantic Ridge and Iceland while those at anti-solar positions are
near 150 East Longitude and include areas of eastern Indonesia, Kamchatka, Japan. These
are most likely to see tidal promotion of seismicity at this time but many areas
can see enhanced seismicity with the full moon which are not sub- or anti-solar.
Global seismicity is expected to moderate to moderately high November 3-8, 2025." (October 29-31, 2025)
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.9-6.0 in the South Indian Ridge southwest of Western Australia.
While Hurricane Melissa has dropped off the NHC raday, the last position
given by WMO for the dissipation of this storm is near 46N 60W off Newfoundland, Canada. The epicenter west of
Australia is is not far from the antipode of the dissipation location of Hurricane
Melissa and may have been promoted by energy from the dissipation of that storm.
The last earthquake within about 250 km of today's epicenter in the South Indian Ridge
with M>=5.9 occurred on March 24, 2019 (M 6.3) and prior to that on November 10, 2010 (M 6.5).
A more recent earthquake, and perhaps a foreshock to today's event, was
registered on October 25, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"An unusually large earthquake also occurred with M 5.4 in the southeast Indian Ridge.
It may have been felt in the epicentral area but this was not reported by NEIC.
This earthquake occurred near local solar midnight and may have been promoted
by tidal and/or geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this hour.
Today's earthquake in the Southeast Indian Ridge may have been promoted
by the fourth largest solar flare of the day as it occurred at the peak output of solar flare 1640 (B9.5).
Data from SWPC for this flare follow:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1640 1621 1628 1634 B9.5 (October 25, 2025) 7.5E-04
Southeast Indian Ridge M 5.4 16:31 UT
This epicenter in the Indian Ridge is nearly antipodal to an M 3.0 which
occurred on October 20, 2025 in Ontario, Canada. Readers can make their
own determination of antipodality of these two epicenters." (October 26, 2025)
This epicenter is at the sixth node (60 degrees) from recent major earthquakes
in the Philippines and at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the Drake Passage
and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 31OCT2025 20:53:24 45.3S 96.9E MW=6.0 NEIC SOUTHEAST INDIAN RIDGE
O: 31OCT2025 20:53:24 45.3S 96.9E Mw=5.9 EMSC SOUTHEAST INDIAN RIDGE
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.1 in South Island, New Zealand was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of South Island, New Zealand with II in Christchurch, Canterbury.
GEONET reported it was felt with moderate intensity in the area northeast of Arthur's Pass, South Island, New Zealand. 336 reports of light to moderate intensity came from the area of southern North Island and Wellington and northern South Island, New Zealand with 201 reporting weak, 125 light and 9 moderate shaking and 1 extreme.
This epicenter is near the fifth node (722 degrees) from recent major earthquakes
in the Philippines and from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 01NOV2025 00:47:37 42.6S 171.9E ML=4.8 GEONET Arthur's Pass, South Island, New Zealand
O: 01NOV2025 00:47:37 42.7S 172.0E ML=4.6 EMSC SOUTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND
O: 01NOV2025 00:47:37 42.7S 172.0E ML=4.1 NEIC SOUTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 east of Mindanao, Philippines was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Mindanao, Philippines in Davao.
BMG reported an earthquake of M 5.3 in Papua New Guinea was felt with intensity up to III in the area(s) of Papua New Guinea in Kab Sarmi; II in Jayawijaya, Jayapura, Puncak, Jaya, Keerom, Pegunungan, Yahukimo, Tolikara, Mamberamo, Yalimo, Lanny, Puncak and Jayapura.
O: 01NOV2025 04:32:39 2.0S 139.4E MB=4.9 EMSC NEAR N COAST OF PAPUA, INDONES
NEIC reported an earthquake of M in was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of
NEIC reported an earthquake of M in was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of
NEIC reported an earthquake of M in was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of
NEIC reported an earthquake of M in was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of
NEIC reported an earthquake of M in was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of
NEIC reported an earthquake of M in was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of
EMSC reported an earthquake of M in was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of
EMSC reported an earthquake of M in was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of
EMSC reported an earthquake of M in was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of
EMSC reported an earthquake of M in was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of
EMSC reported an earthquake of M in was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of
There are no tropical cyclones currently active.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL STORM KALMAEGI
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS KALMAEGI 2025-11-01 00:00 UT 10.6N 136.4E 50 kts North Pacific Ocean
TS Kalmaegi formed today in the region of the north Pacific southwest of Guam with winds up to 50 kts. It could help promote moderate seismicity as it tracks to the west encounter Leyte and Samar, Philippines around November 3, 2025 as a typhoon. The area is currently experienceing aftershocks from major events lat month and could see a further significant event with Typhoon Kalmaegi. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time with the full moon of November 6. The antipode is at 11S 44E - is in the South Atlantic near Brazil and is not likely to see seismic enhancement at this time.
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 31, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1880 0144 0201 0230 C1.8 (October 31, 2025) 4.0E-03
Ecuador M 3.9 02:02 UT
Guerrero M 4.0 02:10 UT
Ryukyu Is. M 4.5 02:29 UT
1910 0825 0838 0856 C1.1 (October 31, 2025) 1.9E-03
Kamchatka M 4.9 08:57 UT
Chiapas M 4.1 08:35 UT
1920 1639 1653 1723 C3.7 (October 31, 2025) 7.5E-03
Kamchatka M 4.3 16:48 UT
Banda Sea M 4.7 17:02 UT
1970 1937 2043 2140 C7.1 (October 31, 2025) 3.4E-02
South Sandwich Is. M 5.2 19:30 UT
Philippines M 4.5 20:28 UT
South Indian Ridge M 6.0 20:53 UT
Philippines M 4.9 20:44 UT
1990 2317 2326 2337 C2.3 (October 31, 2025) 2.8E-03
Taiwan M 4.4 23:17 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active November 1-3. Solar M-flare chance: 20% X-class: 5% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 25 47 16 16:00 6 125
October 31, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The strongest earthquake felt in the world today was an M 5.4 in the Kenai, Alaska area. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity V in Alaska at Cooper Landing; IV in Homer, Anchor Point, Seward, Clam Gulch, Kenai, Soldotna, Moose Pass and III in Sterling and Girdwood.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Alaska at Diamond Ridge, Seward, Honer, MacDonald Spit, Seldovia, Bear Creek, Ninichik, Anchor Point, Funny River, Soldotna, Kenai, Nikiski, Girdwood, Anchorage, Eagle River.
No damage or casualties or tsunami was reported with this earthquake. The
last earthquake of M>=5.4 in the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska within abouot 200 km
of today's epicenter was an M 5.4 on March 19, 2023 with the last of larger magnitude
and M 5.8 more than six years ago on May 27, 2019. At the time this summary
noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.4 in Southern Alaska. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity V in Alaska at Anchor Point, Homer, Ninilchik, IV in Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and III in Clam Gulch, Kasilof, Soldotna, Sterling, Cooper Landing, Kenai, Anchorage, Girdwood, Iliamna, Fort Richardson, Eagle River, Willow, Wasilla, Chugiak, Palmer and Valdez.
This is the largest earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter in the
Kenai Peninsula of Alaska since an M 5.8 about 100 km southwest of today's epicenter on May 27, 2019.
At the time this summary noted in this regard:
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.8 in the Kodiak Island region of Southern Alaska.
EIC reported intensity IV in Homer and Anchor point and II-III in Ninilchik, Pedro Bay, Kodiak Kenai NTL, Kasilof, Soldotna and Sterling, Alaska among others.
This is the strongest earthquake in the Kodiak area within about 150 km of this epicener
since an M 7.1 to the north on January 24, 2016." (May 27, 2019)
An M 5.9 at intermediate depth also occurred about 200 km northwest of today's
epicenter in the Kenai Peninsula on December 21, 2021. At the time this
summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today occurred in the Kenai area of Southern Alaska with M 5.9. NEIC reported maximum intensity V in southern Alaska at West Kenai, and IV in Anchor Point, Ninilchik, Calm Gulch, Kasilof, Soldotna, Homer, Sterling, Pedro Bay and North Lake among other communities in southern Alaska.
This earthquake occurred on a day when the Wolf Sunspot number was the highest
since the last solar active period six years ago
...
The last earthquake of larger magnitude within about 200 km of today's event
occurred about 50 km south of today's epicenter on January 24, 2016 with M 7.1 and
prior to that an M 6.2 on July 29, 2015. Both of these events were associated
with strong solar outbursts. Today's earthquake occurred within minutes of
local solar noon (like the M 7.2 in Northern California yesterday) and
was likely promoted by strong tidal and geomagnetic stresses which maximize
near this hour." (December 21, 2021, March 19, 2023)
Today's event appears to have been triggered by a strong geomagnetic storm
at high latitudes. High latitude k-index reached 7 at the time of the earthquake
in Alaska. This is the greatest geomagnetic disturbance at high latitudes
since October 1, 2025 (nearly a month ago) when K also reached 7.
This epicenter was probably also promoted by energy associated with Hurricane
Melissa. It is located at 60.0 degrees from the position of the eye of
Melissa at the time of the earthquake. This is similar to the circumstances
associated with the M 5.4 in Central Iceland reported in the previous issue
of this summary:
"This epicenter in Iceland is at 60.0 degrees (node 6) from the landfall position
of Hurricane Melissa of October 29 and occurred as that landfall was occurring.
It was probably promoted by that exchange of energy." (October 30, 2025)
Today's event in Alaska also occurred in a volcanic active region on the
interface between the North American and Pacific tectonic plates. This summary
had expected enhanced activity along this boundary in previous issues at this time
as:
"Hurricane Melissa, the strongest ocean storm in the world this year with winds up to 200 mph, will make slopefall late in October, 2025 and could also add
stress to faults along the Pacific-North American western boundaries, further
increasing the possibility of a moderate quake at that time. Hurricane Melissa is expected
to cause extensive damage in Jamaica, Haiti, Cuba, the Bahamas and Bermuda before moving
into the Atlantic Ocean. At this time it is stationary near Jamaica. A nor-easter
is also considered a possibility at that time. Nor'easters on the East
Coast of the U.S. may help promote enhanced seismicity in the western U.S.
as has been seen on numerous previous occasions." (October 28, 2025)
and
"Today's epicenter (in Yellowstone National Park) is at 105 degrees from the M 7.1 in Leyte, Philippines and
may have been promoted by energy from that source. It is also at the ninth node (40 degrees)
from the eye of Hurricane Melissa at the time of the earthquake and may have
been promoted by stresses associated with that storm. These stresses
from hurricane landfall often enhance seismicity in areas of volcanism
as they squeeze fluids into new fissures. Other volcanic zones at nodal
distances from Hurricane Melissa include, among other, the area off the coast
of Oregon where Axial Volcano is still expected to erupt shortly (7th node - 51-52 degrees)
and Iceland (6th node - 60 degrees). Watch these area in coming days for
signs of increased seismicity." (October 29, 2025)
O: 30OCT2025 17:33:13 59.7N 150.3W MW=5.4 EMSC KENAI PENINSULA, ALASKA
An earthquake of M 5.5 also occurred today in the Kermadec Islands, New Zealand.
It was not reported felt in this remote area.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in Western Turkey was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Western Turkey in Usak.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Turkey at Akhisar, Savastepe, Balikesir, Simav, Edremit, Usak, Gorukle, Bayrakli, Cali, Izmir, Karsiyaka, Buca, Bandirma, Nilufer, Osmangazi, Yildirim, Gursu, Bahcelievler, Corlu, Ula.
O: 31OCT2025 04:18:52 39.2N 28.2E MB=4.2 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 30OCT2025 20:52:07 39.2N 28.3E ML=4.0 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.1 in Northern Kansas was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Northern Kansas with IV in Dorrance; III in Wilson, Sylvan Grove and II in Dighton.
O: 30OCT2025 22:16:55 38.9N 98.5W ML=3.1 EMSC KANSAS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.9 in Northern Nevada was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Northern Nevada in Winnemucca.
O: 30OCT2025 12:47:13 38.5N 116.5W ML=3.0 EMSC NEVADA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.6 in San Francisco Bay, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of San Francisco Bay, California in Hercules, Pleasant Hill, Concord, Oakland, Wilton, Walnut Creek, San Jose, Port Costa, Martinez, San Francisco, Concord, Lafayette, Moraga, Sunnyvale.
O: 30OCT2025 10:50:25 38.0N 122.0W MD=2.6 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.2 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California with intensity II in Cambria, Atascadero and San Luis Obispo.
O: 30OCT2025 08:14:25 35.8N 121.3W ML=3.0 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 30OCT2025 08:14:25 35.8N 121.3W ML=3.2 NEIC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in O'Higgins, Chile was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of O'Higgins, Chile at Curico, Molina, Chimbarongo, Teno, Rengo.
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled green dots represent areas at nodal distances from the current position of the eye of Hurricane Melissa in the Caribbean near Jamaica as of October 28, 2025.
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
HURRICANE MELISSA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
HURR MELISSA 2025-10-31 00:00 UT 24.8N 73.9W 100 kts Bahamas/Bermuda
HURR MELISSA 2025-11-01 00:00 UT 39.0N 60.5W 75 kts North Atlantic Ocean
Hurricane Melissa continued today in the region of Bermuda with winds up to 100 kts. It hit Jamaica and southern Cuba yesterday causing much damage and loss of life. Entire villages were destroyed by this very powerful hurricane. The Dominican Republic and Haiti were also hit. It could help promote moderate seismicity in that area at that time. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time in the Caribbean area. Much of the area surrounding the Caribbean has been active in the past several days and this could continue for the next several days. The antipode is at 25S 108E - is in northern Australia and is not a highly seismic zone but minor enhancement is possible in the area south of Sumatra at this time.
This is the strongest tropical storm in the world during the year 2025.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 30, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1900 1205 1237 1329 C1.4 (October 30, 2025) 6.1E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active October 31 active November 1-2. Solar M-flare chance: 5% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 38 58 24 16:00 7 68 120
October 30, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
Four earthquakes of M 5.4-5.5 occurred in the world today. These were located
south of New Zealand in the Snares Island area; as an M 5.5 in the northern Kermadec
Islands or New Zealand and in Iceland and off the Coast of Oregon both with
M 5.4. While each of these were at nodal distances from the landfall position
of Hurricane Melissa yesterday and today, the later two are of particular
interest.
The earthquake in Iceland is in a volcanic area of central Iceland. At M 5.4
it is the largest event in this region of Iceland since an M 5.4 on December 15, 2014
but the last and only such event in the past 25 years in this area of significantly
larger magnitude occurred at the beginning of this series on August 26, 2014 with M 5.7.
At the time this summary noted:
"The earthquake of M 5.7 in Iceland is the strongest recorded in that area
since an M 5.8 on September 16, 2002, the only other event of this size in
Iceland in the past 25 years. It is part of the sub-glacial Bardarbunga volcanic eruption
in the central portion of that island." (August 26, 2014)
Oddly enough, this earthquake in Iceland in 2014 occurred while Hurricane Cristobal
was near the same position where Hurricane Melissa now stands. At the time
this summary noted this as:
"Hurricane Cristobal continued today east of Florida with winds up to 75 kts where it
encountered the continental shelf. As this storm hit the continental shelf at about the same time that the
M 6.1 quake hit in the western U.S. in the San Francisco area, it is not
unlikely that the motions imparted to the North American plate by this
Cristobal were in part responsible for the timing of that California earthquake." (August 26, 2014)
O: 29OCT2025 16:46:29 64.6N 17.4W MW=5.4 EMSC ICELAND
The other M 5.4 in North America today occurred off the coast of Oregon and
was accompanied by a foreshock of M 4.8 eighteeen minutes earlier. NEIC reported
these events were lightly felt along the coast of Oregon and California with intensity up
to II in Oregon at Beaverton, Klamath Falls, Hillsboro, Bandon, Rockaway Beach, Coos Bay, Willamina, and in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and in California at Crescent City and Unioin City.
This activity occurred along the interface between the North American and Pacific Plates. The last earthquake of M>=5.4
within about 150 km of this epicenter was an M 5.6 on June 15, 2022 but the
last of significantly larger magnitude was an M 5.8 with moderate aftershocks
and foreshocks on December 8, 2021. At the time this summary noted:
"A strong series of earthquakes occurred off the coast of Oregon today at 120-130 West longitude. These events were reported lightly felt on the coast of Oregon including at Waldport, Eugene and Beaverton.
The largest of these was M 5.8 which was felt with intensity II-III in Oregon in Depoe Bay, Newport, Florence, Waldport, Hammond, Tualatin, Medford, Cloverdale, Seaside, Sheridan, Forest Grove, Springfield, Portland and as far as southern Washington State.
Other moderately large events of M 5.5, 5.5, 5.5, 5.5, 5.8, 5.3 ... also were recorded in this series.
The last earthquakes of M>=5.8 in this area off the coast of Oregon occurred in August and September, 2019
with M 6.3 and 5.9 and as an M 6.2 on August 22, 2018 and an M 5.9 on August 22, 2018. The
M 6.3 on August 29, 2019 is the strongest event in this area in the past 30 years.
Today's activity appears to be occurring the the volcanic vents off the coast
of Oregon. It is likely that this series was promoted by high tidal stresses associated
with the new moon/eclipse of December 4." (December 7-8, 2021)
Both the earthquakes in Iceland and off the coast of Oregon today occurred
with a geomagnetic storm which reached K-index of 6 at high latitudes at
the time of these earthquakes and may have contributed to their timing.
The earthquakes off Oregon are located at 51-52 degrees from the landfall
position of Hurricane Melissa in Jamaica and Cuba yesterday and today and
occurred while this landfall was occurring in Cuba. This is the seventh
node distance (51.4 degrees). It is likely that these events off Oregon
were promoted by energy from the landfall of Hurricane Melissa.
O: 29OCT2025 14:00:30 44.7N 129.0W MW=5.4 EMSC OFF COAST OF OREGON
O: 29OCT2025 13:42:50 44.7N 129.9W Mw=4.8 EMSC OFF COAST OF OREGON
In previous issues of this summary it had been noted that a significant
earthquake along the Pacific-North American boundary was likely with
landfall of Melissa. Enhanced seismicity had been especially expected
in volcanic zones as noted in these previous summaries. This is consistent
with the pattern of today's activity.
"Hurricane Melissa, the strongest ocean storm in the world this year with winds up to 200 mph, will make slopefall late in October, 2025 and could also add
stress to faults along the Pacific-North American western boundaries, further
increasing the possibility of a moderate quake at that time. Hurricane Melissa is expected
to cause extensive damage in Jamaica, Haiti, Cuba, the Bahamas and Bermuda before moving
into the Atlantic Ocean. At this time it is stationary near Jamaica. A nor-easter
is also considered a possibility at that time. Nor'easters on the East
Coast of the U.S. may help promote enhanced seismicity in the western U.S.
as has been seen on numerous previous occasions." (October 28, 2025)
and
"Today's epicenter (in Yellowstone National Park) is at 105 degrees from the M 7.1 in Leyte, Philippines and
may have been promoted by energy from that source. It is also at the ninth node (40 degrees)
from the eye of Hurricane Melissa at the time of the earthquake and may have
been promoted by stresses associated with that storm. These stresses
from hurricane landfall often enhance seismicity in areas of volcanism
as they squeeze fluids into new fissures. Other volcanic zones at nodal
distances from Hurricane Melissa include, among other, the area off the coast
of Oregon where Axial Volcano is still expected to erupt shortly (7th node - 51-52 degrees)
and Iceland (6th node - 60 degrees). Watch these area in coming days for
signs of increased seismicity." (October 29, 2025)
This epicenter in Iceland is at 60.0 degrees (node 6) from the landfall position
of Hurricane Melissa of October 29 and occurred as that landfall was occurring.
It was probably promoted by that exchange of energy.
O: 29OCT2025 16:46:29 64.6N 17.4W MW=5.4 EMSC ICELAND
The full moon will arrive on November 5, 2025 at 13:19 UT. This is the closest
super-moon of the year (the moon is closest to earth at this time). Tidal stresses
will be exceptionally high and could lead to considerable seismic enhancement next week.
Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time are in the central Atlantic near 30 West longitude including the mid-Atlantic Ridge and Iceland while those at anti-solar positions are
near 150 East Longitude and include areas of eastern Indonesia, Kamchatka, Japan. These
are most likely to see tidal promotion of seismicity at this time but many areas
can see enhanced seismicity with the full moon which are not sub- or anti-solar.
Global seismicity is expected to moderate to moderately high November 3-8, 2025.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.5 in the Kermadec Islands of New Zealand was possibly lightly felt in the epicentral area.
This epicenter is at 108 degrees from the position of Hurricane Melissa and may
have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 30OCT2025 08:52:06 27.3S 178.4W mb=5.5 NEIC KERMADEC ISLANDS, NEW ZEALAND
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.0 in Southern California near Borrego Springs was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern California near Borrego Springs with II in Capistrano Beach, Borrego Springs and Palm Springs.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.1 in Bermuda may have been felt in the epicentral area south of Bermuda.
This is an unusual epicenter for a moderate earthquake. The last catalogued
earthquake of M>=4.1 within about 200 km of this epicenter near Bermuda was
listed on October 3, 2011 with M 4.4 and M 4.5. Three other events have hit
the area with M>=4.1 in the past 35 years - all at M 4.4-4.7. At the time
of the October, 2011 event this summary noted:
"A pair of highly unusual earthquakes of M 4.4-4.6 hit near Bermuda in the
northwestern Atlantic Ocean today. Only three events in this region (30-40N 60-70W) of
M>=4.4 have been located in this region in the past 22 years. These occurred
on July 2, 1995 (M 4.7), December 22, 1996 (M 4.4) and earlier this year on
April 18, 2011 (M 4.6). The earthquake in July, 1995 was followed the next
day by an M 7.2 in the Kermadec Islands but the other two earthquakes were
not associated with a subsequent strong or major global event. An area of
Western Australia at 31S 117E is seismic and very near the antipode for these
earthquakes. A series of light earthquakes of M 2.0, 2.1 and 2.2 hit this
epicenter on September 28-29 and a stronger earthquake is possible in that
area in the next several days. While a strong global event is overdue at this time, the immediate trigger for these two
events appears to be Hurricane Philippe which is currently located south
of Bermuda with winds of 65 kts. We had expected elevated seismicity in
this region associated with Philippe in our Weather related seismicity
section as follows:
"TS Philippe continued today in the central Atlantic with winds of 70 mph.
It is currently near the Central mid-Atlantic Ridge and is expected to take
a sharp turn to the north on October 3-4. Seismicity in this region is expected
to continued at high levels and Philippe continues in the area. It is
expected to move to the west at 08 mph and approach the Bahamas" (October 1-3, 2011)
(October 3, 2011)
Since it has been 14 years since the last earthquake of M 4.1 in the area
of Bermuda, its juxtaposition in time and space with Hurricane Melissa is probably
not coincidental. Hurricane Melissa is expected to pass over this epicenter
in Bermuda tomorrow (October 31, 2025) and has been one of the strongest
hurricanes on record in the northern Caribbean and Bermuda areas. It
appears likely that stress redistribution in Bermuda following the landfall
of Melissa in Jamaica and Cuba yesterday likely triggered today's event
in Bermuda.
This epicenter in Bermuda is at the fourth node (90 degrees) from the Drake Passage and
near this from Kamchatka and at 140 degrees from the major earthquakes in the
Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those sources as well.
O: 30OCT2025 02:01:53 31.1N 64.8W MB=4.1 EMSC BERMUDA REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.2 in Southern Idaho was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern Idaho in Boise.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.3 in Denali Natioinal Park, Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Denali Natioinal Park, Alaska in Fairbanks.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.8 in the Virgin Islands was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Virgin Islands in the U.S. Virgin Islands with III at Saint John and Saint Thomas and in Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 in South Island, New Zealand was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of South Island, New Zealand in Riverton, Southland.
GeoNet reported the following for this event:
Felt with weak intensity in the area south of Te Anau, South Island. 18 reports of felt intensity came from the area east and north of the epicenter including 18 with weak intensity.
This epicenter is at 100 degrees from the major earthquakes in Kamchatka and
may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 29OCT2025 07:20:32 47.0S 165.1E MB=5.4 GEONET SNARES ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND
O: 29OCT2025 07:20:27 47.1S 164.8E MB=5.0 EMSC OFF W. COAST OF S. ISLAND, N.Z
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in Strait of Gibraltar was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Strait of Gibraltar in Spain at El Ejido, Balanegra, Roquetas de Mar, Roquetas de Mar, Aguadulce, Almeria, Alicun, Retamar, Motril, Retamar, San Jose, Almunecar, Nerja, and in Morocco at Fes, Al Hoceima.
This epicenter is located at the fourth node (90 degrees) from Kamchatka
and at 107 degrees from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 29OCT2025 21:38:19 36.5N 2.9W ML=4.2 EMSC STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled green dots represent areas at nodal distances from the current position of the eye of Hurricane Melissa in the Caribbean near Jamaica as of October 29, 2025.
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
HURRICANE MELISSA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
HURR MELISSA 2025-10-30 00:00 UT 24.8N 73.9W 100 kts Bahamas/Bermuda
Hurricane Melissa continued today in the region of the Bahamas south of Bermuda with winds up to 100 kts. It hit Jamaica and southern Cuba yesterday causing much damage and loss of life. Entire villages were destroyed by this very powerful hurricane. The Dominican Republic and Haiti were also hit. It could help promote moderate seismicity in that area at that time. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time in the Caribbean area. Much of the area surrounding the Caribbean has been active in the past several days and this could continue for the next several days. The antipode is at 25S 108E - is in northern Australia and is not a highly seismic zone but minor enhancement is possible in the area south of Sumatra at this time.
This is the strongest tropical storm in the world during the year 2025.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 29, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1840 0505 0518 0531 B9.1 (October 29, 2025) 1.2E-03
Guerrero M 4.0 05:04 UT
Central California M 2.4 05:26 UT
Xinjiang M 4.5 05:17 UT
Baja California M 3.4 05:27 UT
Myanmar M 4.7 05:30 UT
Kansas M 3.2 05:14 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms October 30 active October 31 unsettled November 1. Solar M-flare chance: 5% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 20 27 15 22:00 5 80 118
October 29, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.4-6.8 in the Banda Sea of
Indonesia. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in Dili, East Timor and in the Northern Territory of Australia with intensity II-III in Palmerston, Darwin, Coonawarra and Humpty Doo-MacMinns Lagoon.
BMG reported intensity IV in Kab. Maluku at Dawelor Da; III in Banda, at Tengah and in Tenggara at Kei, Manyeuw, Hoat Sorba; in Tanimbat at Wer, Tanimbar, Yaru, Wuar Labob, Kormomolin, Nirunmas, Molu Maru, in Seram at Wakate, Pulau Panj, Teor among others.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Dili, Timor and Sorong and in Australia at Brinkin, KLeamyer, Karama, Ludmilla, Stuart Park, Larrakeyah, Driver, Johnston, Woodroffe, Bellamack, Katherine, Kununurra.
Strong earthquakes in the Banda Sea are often reported felt in Northern Territory, Australia.
This event follows a series of strong earthquakes in Central Indonesia
over the past several days. This region is located on the geomagnetic
equator where geomagnetic storms are geoeffective. Today's event occurred
at the peak of a geomagnetic storm which maximized with KP 6 about the
time of the Banda Sea event.
The area is also located at 145-150 degrees from the current position of
Hurricane Melissa. Seismic disturbance from major surface energy releases
such as hurricanes and strong earthquakes reflect and refract off the inner-outer
core boundary and return to the surface in this distance zone as a strong
arrival. Seismicity in this area is often seen to increase following major
earthquakes and/or tropical cyclone landfalls.
Today's event may be an aftershock of an M 6.7 which hit the area east of this
on July 14, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.7 in the Banda Sea area of Indonesia. NEIC reported it was felt in Indonesia at Ambon, Maluku with intensity IV in in the Northern Terrirory of Australia at Coonawarra with III in Darwin, Howard Springs, Humpty Doo-MacMinns Lagoon, Palmerston, and in Tual, Maluu, Indonesia with intensity II.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Dili, Tanimbar and in Australia at Berrimah, Woolner, Darwin, Larrakeyah, Stuart Park, Driver, Humpty Doo, Kununurra.
An M 4.4 foreshock occurred about 6 hours before the mainshock in the Banda Sea. This is the strongest earthquake in the world in more than two months - since an M 7.4 in the
Drake Passage south of South America on May 2, 2025. It is also the strongest earthquake
in the Banda Sea within about 250 km of this epicenter since an M 7.1 on November 8, 2023.
At the time this summary noted:
The strongest earthquakes in the world today were a pair of strong to major earthquakes of M 6.7 and 7.1 in the Banda Sea, Indonesia.
NEIC reported it was felt with maximum intensity III in the Banda Sea, Indonesia area.
The mainshock of M 7.1 was preceded about a minute early by a forecshock of M 6.7 which was felt in the area with maximum intensity VI.
These events were also felt in northern Australia at Darwin. BMG reported the mainshock
of M 7.1 was felt with intensity up to V in the Tanimbar Islands. BMG reported this
activity in the Tanimbar region was felt with intensity IV in Bandaneira, III in Maluku Tengah, Banda, Maluku Tenggara, at Kecil, Manyeuw, Hoat Sorbay, in Tanimbar at Tanimbar Selatan, Selaru, Wer Tamrian, Wer Maktian; in Seram Bagian in Maluku Barat Daya and in Kota Tual and many other communities experienced lesser shaking.
No tsunamis were observed or expected with these events. A moderate foreshock
hit the region yesterday and was reported in this summary as:
"The strongest earthquake near the geomagnetic equator in Indonesia today was an M 5.2
in the Banda Sea. EMSC reported this earthquake of M 5.2 in Banda Sea, Indonesia was felt with intensity II-III in the area(s) of Banda Sea, Indonesia in Dili, Timor.
BMG reported intensity III-IV in Timur, Alor, Nusa, Tengara, Maluku, Tengah Selatan, amont others.
This follows a relatively quiet period in Indonesia over the past week and probably
is the first salvo of enhanced seismicity in the area with the major geomagnetic
storm of yesterday and today (see above). The last earthquake of M>=5.2 in
the Banda Sea area was an M 5.8 on September 23, 2023. At the time this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.8 in the Banda Sea, Indonesia at a deep focus. NEIC reported it was felt in East Timor at Dili in Dili and Dare and in northern Territory, Australia with IV in Howard Springs, Katherine and II-III in Coonawarra, Darwin, Humpty Doo-MacMinns Lagoon.
This is the largest earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter since an
M 5.9 on August 29, 2023, and an M 6.2 on May 24, 2023. A major M 7.6 hit near
today's epicenter on January 9, 2023. This may be an aftershock of that mainshock." (November 7, 2023, September 23, 2023)
The strongest earthquake within about 250 km of today's earthquake in Indonesia
with M>=7.1 occurred on January 9, 2023 with M 7.6. At the time this summary noted:
When a similar M 7.5-7.6 hit at deep focus near today's Indonesian epicenter
on January 27, 2006 this summary noted in this regard:
"A major earthquake initially given magnitude of M 7.7 occurred today
in the Banda Sea region of Southern Indonesia south of Ambon, Moluccas.
Data on the NEIC website indicates that this event was felt with maximum
intensity V at Dili, East Timore and with intensity III in northwestern
Australia at Darwin, Howard Springs and Humpty Doo-MacMinns Lagoon and with
lesser intensity at Jabiru and Palmerston, Australia nearly 900 km to the
southeast of this epicenter. Press accounts on Associated Press indicate
that the earthquake was felt strongly on Ambon, the capital of Maluku
province. Residenst of Ambon ran out of homes to higher places in fear of
a tsunami. The quake was also felt with lesser intensity at Bali, Sorong
and in south Sulawesi province, Indonesia. Residents also fled their homes
about 440 km to the south in East Timor. There were no immediate reports
of serious damage or casualties. The earthquake hit at a depth of about
350 km and there is no danger of a major tsunami from earthquakes which
occur at such depths and do not propagate to the surface. Some local
landslide tsunamis may occur, but in this case the shaking on the surface
was probably not sufficient to trigger these. Strong earthquakes of M 7.5-8.5
have hit the area in 1963, 1950, 1948, 1938, 1917-1918 and 1899. Like most of the other large
events in the past month, this epicenter is located at the Core-mantle
Shadow Zone Boundary (MSZB) from the strong M 7.4 which hit the South
Atlantic on Jan. 2, 2006." (January 9, 2023, November 8, 2023, July 14, 2025)
Today's earthquake is at 149 degrees from the current position of Hurricane
Melissa and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 28OCT2025 14:40:18 6.7S 130.0E MW=6.4 EMSC BANDA SEA
O: 28OCT2025 14:40:18 6.7S 130.0E MW=6.8 BMG TANIMBAR
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 in South Island, New Zealand was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of South Island, New Zealand in Riverton, Southland.
GeoNet reported the following for this event:
Felt with weak intensity in the area south of Te Anau, South Island. 18 reports of felt intensity came from the area east and north of the epicenter including 18 with weak intensity.
This epicenter is at 100 degrees from the major earthquakes in Kamchatka and
may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 29OCT2025 07:20:32 47.0S 165.1E MB=5.4 GEONET SNARES ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND
O: 29OCT2025 07:20:27 47.1S 164.8E MB=5.0 EMSC OFF W. COAST OF S. ISLAND, N.Z
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.4 in the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge was not felt in this remote area.
This epicenter is nearly antipodal to recent major activity in Kamchatka and
the northern Kurils and may have been promoted by energy from that region.
Like recent strong earthquakes in Western Turkey, this epicenter is at the
fourth node (90 degrees) from Hurricane Melissa and may have been promoted
by energy from that source.
O: 29OCT2025 06:16:45 47.2S 12.1W MB=5.4 EMSC SOUTHERN MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
NEIC reported a series of earthquakes of M 3.5, 3.2 and 2.7 in Northern Kansas was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Northern Kansas with intensity IV in Kansas at Dorrance and Wilson; III in Holyrood, Sylvan Grove and Luray and II in Bunker Hill and Great Bend.
These epicenters are at 103 degrees from the Drake Passage M 7.8 of October 10
and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 29OCT2025 03:46:35 38.9N 98.5W ML=3.5 EMSC KANSAS
O: 29OCT2025 04:12:14 38.8N 98.5W ML=2.7 EMSC KANSAS
O: 29OCT2025 05:14:03 38.9N 98.5W ML=3.2 EMSC KANSAS
NEIC reported a series of light to moderate earthquakes with M up to 4.0 in Baja, California was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Baja, California in the epicentral area.
These epicenters area located at the sixth node from Kamchatka (60 degrees);
102 degrees from the Drake Passage abd 108 degrees from the Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from these sources.
O: 29OCT2025 03:28:50 31.5N 115.6W ML=4.0 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 29OCT2025 05:27:09 31.8N 116.1W ML=3.4 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 28OCT2025 11:50:56 32.3N 115.4W ML=2.3 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 28OCT2025 09:45:13 31.4N 115.7W ML=3.3 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 28OCT2025 10:16:17 31.4N 115.6W ML=3.2 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 28OCT2025 10:59:02 31.4N 115.6W ML=3.3 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 28OCT2025 21:11:31 31.4N 115.5W ML=3.1 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 29OCT2025 05:02:03 31.5N 115.6W ML=3.2 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 28OCT2025 08:28:14 31.5N 115.6W ML=3.9 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 29OCT2025 03:38:55 32.6N 115.7W ML=2.2 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 28OCT2025 08:56:25 32.9N 116.2W ML=2.2 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.0 in Central Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Alaska with intensity III in Denali National Park.
O: 28OCT2025 17:15:01 63.3N 151.2W ML=3.0 EMSC CENTRAL ALASKA
NEIC reported a series of earthquakes of M 2.2, 3.7, 2.7 and 2.5 in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming with III in Yellowstone and II in Gardiner and West Yellowstone, Montana.
The event of M 3.7 is the strongest recorded in the Yellowstone area within about
100 km of today's epicenter since a similar M 3.7 on January 29, 2025. The last event
in Yellowstone of larger magnitude was an M 3.9 on September 18, 2022 more than
three years ago. At the time this summary noted:
An unusually large M 3.9 was widely felt in the Yellowstone National Park area of Montana and Wyoming. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Yellowstone National Park and II-III in West Yellowstone and II in Gardniner, Montana. Lesser shaking was reported from Billings, Montana and Buffalo, Wyoming and Sandy, Utah.
... This is the strongest earthquake in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming since an M 4.4 on June 16, 2017 more than five years ago
and before that an M 4.8 on March 30, 2014. This activity is at 103 degrees
from the M 7.6 in New Guinea of September 10, 2022 and 101-103 degrees from
the M 7.0 in Luzon of July 27, 2022 and may have been promoted
by energy from those sources." (September 18, 2022)
Today's epicenter is at 105 degrees from the M 7.1 in Leyte, Philippines and
may have been promoted by energy from that source. It is also at the ninth node (40 degrees)
from the eye of Hurricane Melissa at the time of the earthquake and may have
been promoted by stresses associated with that storm. These stresses
from hurricane landfall often enhance seismicity in areas of volcanism
as they squeeze fluids into new fissures. Other volcanic zones at nodal
distances from Hurricane Melissa include, among other, the area off the coast
of Oregon where Axial Volcano is still expected to erupt shortly (7th node - 51-52 degrees)
and Iceland (6th node - 60 degrees). Watch these area in coming days for
signs of increased seismicity.
O: 28OCT2025 13:22:29 44.8N 110.9W ML=3.7 EMSC YELLOWSTONE NAT. PARK, WYOMING
O: 28OCT2025 13:00:43 44.8N 110.8W ML=2.7 EMSC YELLOWSTONE NAT. PARK, WYOMING
O: 28OCT2025 14:27:29 44.8N 110.8W ML=2.2 EMSC YELLOWSTONE NAT. PARK, WYOMING
O: 28OCT2025 15:11:06 44.8N 110.8W ML=2.5 EMSC YELLOWSTONE NAT. PARK, WYOMING
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.5 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California with II in Hollister.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Mindanao, Central Philippines was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Philippines at Canlaon.
EMSC reported two earthquakes of M 4.9 in western Turkey were felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Golcuk, Akhisar, Balikesir, Soma, Salihi, Kinik, Turgutlu,, Mustafakemalpasa, Gure, Manisa, among others.
These area aftershocks of the M 6.0 at this epicenter two days ago.
This activity is located at the fourth node (90 degrees) from Hurricane
Melissa and from Mindanao, Philippines and may have been promoted by energy related to those sources.
O: 28OCT2025 07:10:01 39.2N 28.3E MB=4.9 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 28OCT2025 07:54:14 39.2N 28.3E mb=4.9 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
O: 28OCT2025 20:49:56 39.2N 28.1E ML=4.0 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled green dots represent areas at nodal distances from the current position of the eye of Hurricane Melissa in the Caribbean near Jamaica as of October 28, 2025.
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
HURRICANE MELISSA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
HURR MELISSA 2025-10-29 00:00 UT 18.1N 76.1W 185 kts Jamaica
Hurricane Melissa continued today in the region of Jamaica with winds up to 185 kts (290 km/hr). It hit Jamaica and southern Cuba today causing much damage and loss of life. Entire villages were destroyed by this very powerful hurricane. The Dominican Republic and Haiti will be hit next around October 29-30. It could help promote moderate seismicity in that area at that time. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time in the Caribbean area. Much of the area surrounding the Caribbean has been active in the past several days and this could continue for the next several days. The antipode is at 18S 105E - south of Sumatra and is not a highly seismic zone but minor enhancement is possible in the area south of Sumatra at this time.
This is the strongest tropical storm in the world during the year 2025.
TROPICAL STORM SONIA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS SONIA 2025-10-29 00:00 UT 15.3N 125.6W 40 kts South of Baja California, Mexico
Tropical Storm Sonia continued today in the region south of Baja California, Mexico with winds up to 40 kts. It is expected to track to the west and is unlikely to enhance regional seismicity at this time. The antipode at 15S 55E is in the Indian Ocean and could see enhanced seismicity at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 28, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1790 1617 1626 1630 C1.6 (October 28, 2025) 9.9E-04
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms October 29-30 active October 31. Solar M-flare chance: 5% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 19 28 14 16:00 6 91 122
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
October 28, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A strong aftershock of M 6.0 occurred today in the area of western Turkey south of Istanbul.
NEIC reported intensity VIII with damage in Sindirgi, Balikesir, Turkey with V in Mudanya, Bursa and IV in Izmir, Aydin, Bursa, Denizli, Istanbul, Tekirdag, Eskisehir, Manisa, Canakkale, Usak, Nigde, Ankara, Sakarya, Turkey; in Lesvos and the Dodecanese Islands, Greece and in Bulfaria as far as Sofia.
EMSC reported it was felt widely and strongly in western Turkey at Demirci, Akhisar, Borlu, Soma, Balikesir, Kepsut, Simav, Adala, Samli, Kinik, Saruhanli, Salihi, Kula, Susurluk, Ucpinar, Turgutlu, Emet, Bergama among others. It was felt with moderate intensity as far as 500 km in Bulgaria, and Ankara, Turkey, Romania, Cyprus, Albania, Syria, as well as in Vrilissia and Dhrama, Greece.
This is an aftershock of a strong M 6.1 of August 10, 2025 and effects
to local populations are likely to be similar to those of the August event. At the time this summary noted:
"A strong M 6.1 earthquake hit northwestern Turkey late on August 10, 2025.
NEIC reported maximum intensity VIII in Balikesir at Sindirgi and VI in Kepsut Turkey.
Intensity V was felt in Kayseri at Hacilar, Manisa at Manisa, Gordes, Turgutlu, in Izmir at Aliaga, Dikili, Seferihisar and in Kalloni, Lesvos Greece and Hacilar, Kayseri and Golcuk, Kocaeli with lesser shaking of IV in Istanbul, and Bulgaria among others.
A series of foreshocks including an M 3.5 occurred about 1.5 hours before
the mainshock with a strong solar flare which began about 15:00 UT but several
smaller foreshocks in the M 1.5-2.5 range preceded these.
The strongest aftershock to date was an M 4.4.
Initial reports from the Press indicated at least one person was killed, 29 injured
and causing tens of buildings to collapse or sustain major damage which included
major damage to some mosques. The earthquake
occurred northwestern Turkey in the province of Balikesir. The epicenter was
about 200 km south of Istanbul, Turkey near the town of Sindirgi. Aftershocks were
continuing at this writing.
The last earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter in Turkey with M>=6.1
occurred on April 23, 2025 about 200 km north of today's epicenter as an M 6.2.
No earthquakes with M>=6.1 have occurred within about 150 km of today's
epicenter in the past 35 years. The last earthquake in the 150 km range with
M>=5.5 occurred as an M 5.6 on January 22, 2020. At the time this summary
noted:
"The strongest of this activity was in western Turkey where an M 5.6 occurred within
several hour of local solar midnight and was probably enhanced by tidal stresses
associated with the upcoming new moon. Much of the strongest aftershock activity
concentrated near local midnight including an M 4.4 and events of M 4.1 amd 4.0.
NEIC reported this earthquake of M 5.6 in Western Turkey was felt with intensity II-III in the area(s) of Western Turkey in Soma (IV); IV in Manisa, Balikesir, Salihli, Odemis and Izmir (IV) and II-III in Akhisar, Menemen, Burhaniye and Edremit, Balikesir, Turkey.
The M 5.6 is the strongest earthquake within about 200 km of this epicenter since
an M 6.3 on June 12, 2017 and prior to that an M 5.9 on May 19, 2011. A similar
M 5.6-5.7 event occurred about 200 km northeast of today's epicenter in the area
near Istanbul, Turkey on September 26, 2019." (January 22, 2020, August 10, 2025)
Today's epicenter in Turkey is located at the fourth node (90 degrees) from Leyte, Philippines and from
Hurricane Melissa and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 27OCT2025 19:48:28 39.2N 28.2E MB=6.0 EMSC WESTERN TURKEY
Earthquakes of M 6.5, 6.0, 5.4 and many aftershocks continued today in the
area east of Guadeloupe, Leeward Islands, Caribbean today. Initial reports
indicate some damage to local structures and some injuries accompanied the M 6.5 mainshock. This was discussed in
the previous issue of this summary as:
"An M 6.5 and an aftershock of M 6.0 on October 27 in the area
of Guadeloupe, Leeward Islands in the Caribbean. This is near the antipode
of the Timor, Indonesia event and may have been promoted by energy from that source. NEIC reported immediate felt effects from this
of intensity IV in Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia and Dominica with III in Puerto
Rico, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Antigua and Barbuda, Netherlands Antilles, Anguilla, among others.
This is the strongest earthquake recorded near Guadeloupe within about 200 km
of this epicenter in at least 35 years. The last earthquake of M>=6 in this area
occurred on March 19, 2016 and May 16, 2014 with M 6.0. An M 6.5 occurred about
250 km southeast of today's epicenter on February 18, 2014. At the time this
summary noted:
"NEIC reported the M 6.5-6.7 east of the Windward Islands and Martinique today
was widely felt in the Windward Islands. Intensity V was reported from Biabou,
Saint Vincent and The Grenadines with intensity IV in Martinique at Le Lamentin;
in Barbados at Bulkeley and in Saint Lucia at Laborie and Anse-la-Raye.
Lesser shaking of intensity II-III was reported from Saint Lucia at Canaries, Cap Estate, Gros Island;
from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at Dovers, Hamilton, Chateaubelair and Kingstown;
from Dominica at Portsmouth, Saint Joseph and Saint PAtrick; from Barbados
at Oistins, Holetown, Bathsheba, Crab Hills, Bridgetown; from Grenada at
Hillsborough and Saint George; from Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe; from Martinique
at Fort-de-France, Saint-Joseph, Sainte-Luce and Saint-Pierre and from Cole Bay, Netherlands Antilles.
There were no immediate reports of damage or casualties from this earthquake.
The immediate trigger for this event may be a proton storm which began
minutes before this earthquake initiated according to SWPC data. This data
shows this proton flux storm began about 0910-0920 UT about 10 minutes
before the Barbados earthquake. Resulting changes in the Hp geomagnetic field
may have helped promote the earthquake. This is the second strong earthquake to hit the Caribbean this year following
an M 6.5 in Puerto Rico on January 13, 2014. This summary has argued that
this is the beginning of an active period for the region which may end in
a great quake on the Puerto Rico trench. Such a quake and the resulting
tsunami are overdue for the region. Seismic waves (S-types) from the M 6.5
probably triggered the M 5.6 in New Britain and the M 4.7-5.2 South of the
Kermadec Islands which occurred 45 minutes and 32 minutes later respectively.
Seismic waves from the Caribbean were in the epicentral areas when those earthquakes initiated.
...
This is the strongest earthquake within 200 km of this event in at least
the past 25 years. The last earthquakes of larger magnitude in the region
within 300 km of this epicenter occurred on Christmas day 38 years ago - December
25, 1969. Similar strong events hit the region in May 1946 (M 7.0); March, 1953 (M 7.3)
and January 8, 1959 (M 6.6). The quake of 1946 is particularly interesting
as it preceded by several months the last great quake in the northern Caribbean
which triggered a destructive tsunami. A deep focus earthquake hit about 300 km
west of today's epicenter on November 29, 2007 with M 7.4.
...
The regions of northern Colombia and the eastern Caribbean saw moderately
strong to strong earthquakes today. The largest of these was an M 6.5 east
of Martinique in the Windward Islands. This event followed an M 5.7 in Northern
Colombia earlier in the day. The quake in Colombia is near the exact antipode
of the strong volcanic eruption of Kelut volcano in Java which has been
ongoing since February 12 and was likely triggered by antipodal energy concentration
from that eruption. The M 6.5 east of the Caribbean is near the antipode
of Timor and Sumbawa Islands in Indonesia including an M 5.5 in Sulawesi, Indonesia
earlier in the day." (February 18, 2014)
It was probably promoted by the major category 4-5 Hurricane Melissa currently
due west of this epicenter in the Caribbean. This possibility had been suggested
in this summary in previous issues as:
"Tropical Storm Melissa continued today in the region of the central Caribbean with winds up to 50 kts. It is expected to track to the north becoming a Hurricane as it arrives in the area south of Jamaica the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. It could help promoted moderate seismicity in the area at that time including the Windward and Leeward Islands of the eastern Caribbean. It could also help promoted enhanced seismicity in portions of Central America like Costa Rica and Nicaragua at this time due to its slow movement. The antipode is at 14S 105E - south of Sumatra and is not a highly seismic zone but minor enhancement is possible in the area south of Sumatra at this time." (October 22-25, 2025)
This epicenter in Guadeloupe is located at 103 degrees from the major earthquakes
in Kamchatka and was probably a far-field aftershock from that source as
expected in previous issues of this summary:
"P- and S- shadow zone edge and node 7 (101-110 degrees)
Kamchatka to Panama, Colombia, Guadeloupe, South Indian Ocean, So. New Zealand, South of Australia, Macquarie Is, Leeward Is, Caribbean, East Pacific Rise, Galapagos, " (September 18, 2025)
Strong earthquakes in northern South America and the Caribbean have consistently
occurred at 103 degrees from Kamchatka since the great earthquakes in that
area of M 8.8 and M 7.8. For example when earthquakes of M 6.3 and 6.5 hit northern Venezuela
on September this summary noted:
"This epicenter (in Venezuela) is at 103.6 degrees from the M 7.8 in Kamchatka of September 18
and had been expected in this summary to be active at this time
and
Today's epicenter (M 5.5-5.7 in Colombia) is at 103.5 degrees from the epicenter of the M 7.5 in Kamchatka" (September 25, 2025, October 27, 2025)
Today's events in the region of Guadeloupe follow a series of light to moderate
earthquakes which began with the formation of Hurricane Melissa in the central
Caribbean. These have generally followed the subduction zone which passes east of the
Leeward and Windward Islands, then turns west and follows along the Puerto
Rico Trench north of Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic and Haiti then south
between Haiti and Cuba and eventually terminates near Jaimaica. The precursory
earthquake have generally been light to moderate but several significant
events did occur on this subduction zone in the past week, including an M 5.0
in the Dominican Republic on October 20, 2025. Other notable earthquake in the past week in this zone
occurred in Venezuela with an M 4.8 in northern Venezuela and an M 4.8 in Trinidad
and Tobago on October 24; and had been noted in this summary for example on
October 22 as:
"Several other earthquake in the eastern Caribbean today may also have been
promoted by energy from Tropical Storm Melissa. These were located in the
Leeward Islands as an M 3.5 in St. Martin and an M 4.2 in Antigua and Barbuda.
The combination of stresses with the new moon and Tropical Storm Melissa
may have helped trigger this complex of earthquakes in the Caribbean today.
These epicenters are located at 100-102 degrees from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 21OCT2025 01:09:12 18.0N 62.4W ML=3.5 EMSC ST. MARTIN REGION, LEEWARD ISL.
O: 21OCT2025 03:36:58 17.6N 61.7W ML=4.2 EMSC ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA REGION " (October 22, 2025)
From the point at which the current position of the eye of Hurricane Melissa (category 5 at 175 mph winds)
to the epicenter of the M 6.5 east of Guadeloupe today the Caribbean subduction
zone is continuous. This leads to a new hypothesis about triggering of seismicity
by strong ocean storms. This summary suggests that an entire subduction zone
may see enhanced seismicity when a strong storm sits over the terminus of
the subduction zone for a period of time. This could send waves of stress
along the zone triggering earthquakes where the stresses are near rupture.
This would be consistent with triggering of the M 6.5 in Guadeloupe from
Hurricane Melissa.
O: 27OCT2025 12:38:40 16.5N 59.5W MW=6.5 NEIC GUADELOUPE, LEEWARD ISLANDS
O: 27OCT2025 12:54:59 16.6N 59.6W MW=6.0 NEIC GUADELOUPE, LEEWARD ISLANDS
O: 27OCT2025 13:26:51 16.5N 59.7W MW=5.4 NEIC GUADELOUPE, LEEWARD ISLANDS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.5 north of Washington, D.C in Maryland was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of north of Washington, D.C in Maryland with IV in Columbia; III in Clarksville, Laurel, Silver Spring, II in Laurel, and Fulton.
This is the strongest earthquake recorded in the area of southern Maryland
within about 100 km of this epicenter since an M 2.6 on June 25, 2021 and an M 2.8
on September 15, 2019. The largest earthquake in this area in the past
35 years was an M 4.1 on November 30, 2017. At the time this summary noted:
"The Delaware earthquake of M 4.1-4.5 was reported felt with maximum intensity V in Clayton, Delaware; Newport New Jersey, and IV in Delaware at Dover, Magnolia, Camden Wyoming, Marydel, in Maryland at Galena, Sudlersville, and in general within about 50 km of the epicenter. It was felt with intensity II-III throughout much of the central eastern coast of the U.S. including in New Jersey, Delaware, Pennyslvania, Virginia, New York, Washington D.C, Connecticut, West Virginia, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, North Carolina, Vermont, Ohio, Kentucky, South Carolina, Illinois, Florida, Mississippi, Missouri, and Maryland,
The earthquake in Delaware is one of the strongest recorded in that State.
Earthquake in this area are often followed within days by a strong quake in
southern or central California, such as occurred in the Northridge quake
of M 6.7 on January 17, 1994 (preceded by an M 4.6 in southern Pennsylvania
on January 16, 1994) and the Morgan Hill quake of April 24, 1984 preceded
by an M 4.4 in Pennsylvania on April 23, 1984. The events in August 2011 were
later found to occur at the time of one of the strongest cosmic ray events known,
possibly associated with a gravity wave and other effects which may have triggered
this series. A similar relation may be found with today's events, but these
area usually not announced until extensive data anaylsis. As this list includes
the largest events in the Delaware area in the past 50 years and some of the
strongest earthquakes in Central and southern California in the same period,
it may be significant. This correlation is strongest with moderate starting
quakes in the region of Delaware. The area of southern California near Northridge
is currently at the 23-year cycles of large quakes in the area. A moderate
earthquake in the region west of Los Angeles and north to San Francisco is
considered possible in the next four days. At the least, residents should
check their earthquake preparedness kits to see if they are ready for a
moderate quake at this time." (November 30, 2017)
This epicenter is located at 100 degrees from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage
of October 10, 2025 and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
Effects from Hurricane Melissa 20 degrees to the south may also have helped
promote this unusual event in Maryland.
Hurricane Melissa, the strongest ocean storm in the world this year with winds up to 200 mph, will make slopefall late in October, 2025 and could also add
stress to faults along the Pacific-North American western boundaries, further
increasing the possibility of a moderate quake at that time. Hurricane Melissa is expected
to cause extensive damage in Jamaica, Haiti, Cuba, the Bahamas and Bermuda before moving
into the Atlantic Ocean. At this time it is stationary near Jamaica. A nor-easter
is also considered a possibility at that time. Nor'easters on the East
Coast of the U.S. may help promote enhanced seismicity in the western U.S.
as has been seen on numerous previous occasions.
O: 27OCT2025 21:17:00 39.2N 76.8W MW=2.5 NEIC RIVERSIDE, MARYLAND
A series of volcanic eruptions are occurring in the Philippine Islands following
the major earthquakes in that area in October and September, 2025. The lates
of these occurred today in Taal Volcano in central Luzon near Manila where
an eruption sent ash up to a mile in the air. Air flying advisories are in
effect for the region with flights forbidden until the ash cloud disperses.
A moderate earthquake of M 5.3 shook regions of New Britain today but was not reported felt to any agency.
This earthquake may have been promoted by SFE associated with Solar Flare 1750 (B6.8)
as it occurred towards the end of this flare. Flare data for this event from
SWPC follow:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1750 1414 1421 1431 B6.8 (October 27, 2025) 6.8E-04
New Britain M 5.3 14:29 UT
O: 27OCT2025 14:29:33 6.2S 151.8E MB=5.3 EMSC NEW BRITAIN REGION, P.N.G.
BMG reported an earthquake of M 5.5 in Minahasa, Sulawesi, Indonesia was felt with intensity up to III in the area(s) of Kab Toli Toli at Baolan; Buol at Momunu, Lakea, Bokat, Bunobogu, Paleleh, Biau, Bukal, Gadung, Karamat, Paleleh Ba; in Parigi Moutong at Taopa, Pahuwato at Lemito, Taluditi, Popayato and in Gorontalo at Tolinggula and Biau. It was also felt with intensity II in Kab. Bolaang Mongondow, Donggala, Tojo Una Una, Boalemo, Bone Bolango, Pahuwato among others.
O: 28OCT2025 01:31:18 1.4N 121.9E MW=5.1 EMSC MINAHASA, SULAWESI, INDONESIA
O: 28OCT2025 01:31:18 1.4N 121.9E MW=5.5 BMG MINAHASA, SULAWESI, INDONESIA
BMG reported an earthquake of M 5.3 in Northern Sumatra was felt with intensity up to VI in the area(s) of Geumpang, Pidie, Aceh; V in Kab. Pidie at Mane, Geumpang, Tangse and III in Kab. Aceh, Bireuen, Barat, Besar, Nagan Raya, and II in Selatan, Timur, Tengah, Barat, Besar among others.
O: 27OCT2025 23:35:13 4.9N 96.0E MB=5.1 EMSC NORTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA
O: 27OCT2025 23:35:13 4.9N 96.0E MB=5.3 BMG NORTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled green dots represent areas at nodal distances from the current position of the eye of Hurricane Melissa in the Caribbean near Jamaica as of October 28, 2025.
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
HURRICANE MELISSA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
HURR MELISSA 2025-10-28 00:00 UT 17.5N 78.1W 175 kts South of Jamaica
Hurricane Melissa continued today in the region of south of Jamaica with winds up to 175 kts. It is expected to track to the north and will hit Jamaica, Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Haiti around October 28-30. It could help promote moderate seismicity in that area at that time. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time in the Caribbean area. Much of the area surrounding the Caribbean has been active in the past several days and this could continue for the next several days. The antipode is at 17S 102E - south of Sumatra and is not a highly seismic zone but minor enhancement is possible in the area south of Sumatra at this time.
This is the strongest tropical storm in the world during the year 2025.
TROPICAL STORM SONIA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS SONIA 2025-10-28 00:00 UT 14.7N 122.4W 50 kts South of Baja California, Mexico
Tropical Storm Sonia continued today in the region south of Baja California, Mexico with winds up to 50 kts. It is expected to track to the west and is unlikely to enhance regional seismicity at this time. The antipode at 15S 58E is in the Indian Ocean and could see enhanced seismicity at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE MONTHA (03B)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC MONTHA 2025-10-28 00:00 UT 15.2N 82.6E 55 kts Southeast of India
Tropical Cyclone Montha (03B) continued today in the region southeast of Peninsular India winds up to 55 kts. It is expected to track to the west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the area. The antipode is at 15S 98W is in the South Pacific in a seismic quiet zone west of Peru.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 27, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1710 0130 0141 0151 C1.0 (October 27, 2025) 1.1E-03
Nevada M 2.2 01:34 UT
Xizang-India M 3.9 01:45 UT
1720 0207 0212 0218 B9.2 (October 27, 2025) 6.2E-04
Portugal M 2.0 02:07 UT
1730 1003 1021 1035 C1.7 (October 27, 2025) 2.6E-03
Arkansas M 2.3 10:09 UT
Java M 4.7 10:19 UT
San Pedro CA M 2.6 10:56 UT
1750 1414 1421 1431 B6.8 (October 27, 2025) 6.8E-04
New Britain M 5.3 14:29 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: minor storms October 28-30. Solar M-flare chance: 5% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 6 2 4 23:00 3 96 121
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
October 27, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.2-6.3 in the Timor region of Indonesia.
BMG reported it was felt in Kab. Kupang at Amfoang te, Semau, Kupang, Sulamu, Amarasi, Fatuleu, Takari, Nekamese, Amabi, Taebenu, with III in Kab. Timor, Belu, alor, Flores, Sikka, Lembata, Rote Ndao, Malaka, Kupang, Sikka, Ende, Ngada, and II in Nagekeo, Sabu Raijua and Kepulauan Selayar.
NEIC reported intensity IV in Timur at Kipang Nusa and II in Dili with II in Northern Territory, Australia at Coonawarra and Darwin.
It occurred near local solar midnight and may have been promoted by tidal and/or
geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this hour.
This epicenter is at 110 degrees from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10 and may have been
promoted energy from that source. It is also near the antipode of Hurricane
Melissa, a major hurricane in the Caribbean currently south of Jamaica and
may have been promoted by energy from that source.
The last earthquake Timor, Indonesia within about 200 km of this epicenter
with M>=6.3 occurred as an M 6.3 on November 4, 2015. At the time this summary noted:
"A strong geomagnetic storm hit today with AP levels up to 32 in equatorial and
mid-latitude zones. This is the strongest geomagnetic storm since October 7 when
the AP level reached 77. Seismic activity about 10-15 degrees either side of the
geomagnetic equator will likely be affected by this storm. This normally occurs
as the storm hits and/or about 4-6 days following the end of the storm.
...
A strong earthquake of M 6.3-6.6 in East Timor, Indonesia was preceded by an M 5.7
foreshock. The foreshock was reported by NEIC to have been felt in Dili, East Timor. The M 6.3-6.6
mainshock was reported felt with intensity V in Metinaro, Dili and in Dili, Indonesia. EMSC
reported moderate shaking in Dili, Jera, Pante Macassar, Kota Garut, Indonesia.
BMG reported it was felt with intensity IV-V in Alor and Atambua, Timor, Indonesia.
This epicenter is about 15 degrees south of the local geomagnetic equator and
occurred at the height of the strongest geomagnetic storm in about a month. It
is likely that this storm promoted this storm Indonesian earthquake. The immediate
trigger for this event was probably a strong M2.0 solar flare. This flare (unnumbered at this time)
maximized around 0323 UT within about 10 minutes of this earthquake. The quake
itself at 8S 125E occurred within minutes of local solar noon, a maximum time
for solar flare effects. In fact the epicenter was within a few degrees of the
exact sub-solar point when the quake occurred. The subsolar point is the point
on the earth that is exactly beneath the sun. At this time and point in the year,
the sub-solar point is about 10S 130E but was at 10S 126E at the time of the
solar flare maximum. This is a remarkable coincidence and a clear indication
that this earthquake was triggered by this solar flare." (November 4, 2015)
Earthquakes in the general region of Timor are most likely to see increased
magnitudes in the time between late October and early November. Most recently
strong earthquakes in the area in this time frame occurred on October 24, 2017; November 4, 2015; November 11, 2004 (M 7.4) and November 8, 1998 (M 6.4).
This epicenter in Timor is at 110 degrees from the Drake Passage and near
the fifth node (72 degrees) from the major earthquakes in Kamchatka and
was probably promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 26OCT2025 17:04:26 9.0S 123.9E MW=6.2 EMSC TIMOR REGION, INDONESIA
O: 26OCT2025 17:04:26 9.1S 124.0E MW=6.3 BMG TIMOR REGION, INDONESIA
The event in Timor was followed later by an M 6.5 and an aftershock of M 6.0 on October 27 in the area
of Guadeloupe, Leeward Islands in the Caribbean. This is near the antipode
of the Timor, Indonesia event and may have been promoted by energy from that source. NEIC reported immediate felt effects from this
of intensity IV in Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia and Dominica with III in Puerto
Rico, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Antigua and Barbuda, Netherlands Antilles, Anguilla, among others.
This is the strongest earthquake recorded near Guadeloupe within about 200 km
of this epicenter in at least 35 years. The last earthquake of M>=6 in this area
occurred on March 19, 2016 and May 16, 2014 with M 6.0. An M 6.5 occurred about
250 km southeast of today's epicenter on February 18, 2014. At the time this
summary noted:
"NEIC reported the M 6.5-6.7 east of the Windward Islands and Martinique today
was widely felt in the Windward Islands. Intensity V was reported from Biabou,
Saint Vincent and The Grenadines with intensity IV in Martinique at Le Lamentin;
in Barbados at Bulkeley and in Saint Lucia at Laborie and Anse-la-Raye.
Lesser shaking of intensity II-III was reported from Saint Lucia at Canaries, Cap Estate, Gros Island;
from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at Dovers, Hamilton, Chateaubelair and Kingstown;
from Dominica at Portsmouth, Saint Joseph and Saint PAtrick; from Barbados
at Oistins, Holetown, Bathsheba, Crab Hills, Bridgetown; from Grenada at
Hillsborough and Saint George; from Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe; from Martinique
at Fort-de-France, Saint-Joseph, Sainte-Luce and Saint-Pierre and from Cole Bay, Netherlands Antilles.
There were no immediate reports of damage or casualties from this earthquake.
The immediate trigger for this event may be a proton storm which began
minutes before this earthquake initiated according to SWPC data. This data
shows this proton flux storm began about 0910-0920 UT about 10 minutes
before the Barbados earthquake. Resulting changes in the Hp geomagnetic field
may have helped promote the earthquake. This is the second strong earthquake to hit the Caribbean this year following
an M 6.5 in Puerto Rico on January 13, 2014. This summary has argued that
this is the beginning of an active period for the region which may end in
a great quake on the Puerto Rico trench. Such a quake and the resulting
tsunami are overdue for the region. Seismic waves (S-types) from the M 6.5
probably triggered the M 5.6 in New Britain and the M 4.7-5.2 South of the
Kermadec Islands which occurred 45 minutes and 32 minutes later respectively.
Seismic waves from the Caribbean were in the epicentral areas when those earthquakes initiated.
...
This is the strongest earthquake within 200 km of this event in at least
the past 25 years. The last earthquakes of larger magnitude in the region
within 300 km of this epicenter occurred on Christmas day 38 years ago - December
25, 1969. Similar strong events hit the region in May 1946 (M 7.0); March, 1953 (M 7.3)
and January 8, 1959 (M 6.6). The quake of 1946 is particularly interesting
as it preceded by several months the last great quake in the northern Caribbean
which triggered a destructive tsunami. A deep focus earthquake hit about 300 km
west of today's epicenter on November 29, 2007 with M 7.4.
...
The regions of northern Colombia and the eastern Caribbean saw moderately
strong to strong earthquakes today. The largest of these was an M 6.5 east
of Martinique in the Windward Islands. This event followed an M 5.7 in Northern
Colombia earlier in the day. The quake in Colombia is near the exact antipode
of the strong volcanic eruption of Kelut volcano in Java which has been
ongoing since February 12 and was likely triggered by antipodal energy concentration
from that eruption. The M 6.5 east of the Caribbean is near the antipode
of Timor and Sumbawa Islands in Indonesia including an M 5.5 in Sulawesi, Indonesia
earlier in the day." (February 18, 2014)
It was probably promoted by the major category 4-5 Hurricane Melissa currently
due west of this epicenter in the Caribbean. This possibility had been suggested
in this summary in previous issues as:
"Tropical Storm Melissa continued today in the region of the central Caribbean with winds up to 50 kts. It is expected to track to the north becoming a Hurricane as it arrives in the area south of Jamaica the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. It could help promoted moderate seismicity in the area at that time including the Windward and Leeward Islands of the eastern Caribbean. It could also help promoted enhanced seismicity in portions of Central America like Costa Rica and Nicaragua at this time due to its slow movement. The antipode is at 14S 105E - south of Sumatra and is not a highly seismic zone but minor enhancement is possible in the area south of Sumatra at this time." (October 22-25, 2025)
This epicenter in Guadeloupe is located at 103 degrees from the major earthquakes
in Kamchatka and was probably a far-field aftershock from that source as
expected in previous issues of this summary:
"P- and S- shadow zone edge and node 7 (101-110 degrees)
Kamchatka to Panama, Colombia, Guadeloupe, South Indian Ocean, So. New Zealand, South of Australia, Macquarie Is, Leeward Is, Caribbean, East Pacific Rise, Galapagos, " (September 18, 2025)
Strong earthquakes in northern South America and the Caribbean have consistently
occurred at 103 degrees from Kamchatka since the great earthquakes in that
area of M 8.8 and M 7.8. For example when earthquakes of M 6.3 and 6.5 hit northern Venezuela
on September this summary noted:
"This epicenter (in Venezuela) is at 103.6 degrees from the M 7.8 in Kamchatka of September 18
and had been expected in this summary to be active at this time
and
Today's epicenter (M 5.5-5.7 in Colombia) is at 103.5 degrees from the epicenter of the M 7.5 in Kamchatka" (September 25, 2025)
O: 27OCT2025 12:38:40 16.5N 59.5W MW=6.5 NEIC GUADELOUPE, LEEWARD ISLANDS
O: 27OCT2025 12:54:59 16.6N 59.6W MW=6.0 NEIC GUADELOUPE, LEEWARD ISLANDS
O: 27OCT2025 13:26:51 16.5N 59.7W MW=5.4 NEIC GUADELOUPE, LEEWARD ISLANDS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.9 in Southern California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern California with III in Calexico.
It was preceded by an M 3.5 earlier in the day.
O: 26OCT2025 07:55:11 32.4N 116.1W ML=3.5 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 27OCT2025 03:50:51 32.4N 115.3W ML=2.0 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 27OCT2025 00:41:23 32.6N 115.7W ML=2.8 EMSC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
O: 27OCT2025 00:41:23 32.6N 115.7W ML=2.9 NEIC BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Santa Paula, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Santa Paula, California in Santa Clarita and Ventura, California.
O: 26OCT2025 23:28:09 34.4N 119.1W ML=2.6 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 26OCT2025 23:28:09 34.4N 119.1W ML=2.8 NEIC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.5 in Northern California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Northern California with III in Garberville, Zenia, Myers Flat and Piercy and II in Redway.
O: 26OCT2025 21:06:34 40.0N 123.7W MW=3.5 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Santiago, Chile was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Santiago, Chile in Santiago and Puente Alto.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.5 in Northern California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Northern California in San Jose.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8-2.9 in the San Francisco Bay, California area was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the San Francisco Bay, California area with intensity III in Berkeley and Rodeo and II in Richmond, El Sobrante, Benicia, Hercules, Port Costa, Albany and Walnut Creek.
EMSC reported it was felt with moderate intensity in Central California at Acalanes Ridge, Pacheco, Vine Hill, Lafayette, El Sobrante, Pleasant Hill, Saranap, Piedmont, Alameda and Parkway.
O: 26OCT2025 14:29:12 37.9N 122.2W ML=2.9 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 26OCT2025 14:29:12 37.9N 122.2W ML=2.8 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 26OCT2025 14:30:30 37.9N 122.2W MD=2.4 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.7 in Tokyo, Japan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Tokyo, Japan with IV in Tokyo, III in Ichikawa, Chiba; Soka, Saitama, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Iwaki, Fukushima, Funabashi, Chiba and in In Kanagawa Prefecture at Kawasaki and Yokosuka.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Japan at Kamagaya, Urayasu, Ichikawa-minami, Tokyo, Kawaguchi, Koenji.
O: 26OCT2025 13:34:54 35.7N 140.2E MB=4.7 EMSC NEAR EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in North Island, New Zealand was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of North Island, New Zealand with IV in Hawke's Bay at Napier and Hastings.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Napier. GeoNet reported the following parameters for
this earthquake:
O: 26OCT2025 12:08:40 39.6S 176.9E MB=4.6 GEONET Felt with moderate to strong intensity in the area east of Wellington, New Zealand and in Hawke's Bay. 1961 reports of felt events were made of which 496 reported weak and 1009 light intensity with 428 reports of moderate shaking and 25 with strong and 0 severe and 2 with extreme intensity came from the area.
O: 26OCT2025 12:08:39 39.6S 176.9E MW=4.2 EMSC NORTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
HURRICANE MELISSA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
HURR MELISSA 2025-10-27 00:00 UT 16.4N 78.0W 160 kts South of Jamaica
Hurricane Melissa continued today in the region of south of Jamaica with winds up to 160 kts. It is expected to track to the north and will hit Jamaica, Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Haiti around October 27-30. It could help promote moderate seismicity in that area at that time. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time. Much of the area surrounding the Caribbean has been active in the past several days and this could continue for the next several days. The antipode is at 16S 102E - south of Sumatra and is not a highly seismic zone but minor enhancement is possible in the area south of Sumatra at this time.
TROPICAL STORM SONIA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS SONIA 2025-10-27 00:00 UT 14.1N 120.9W 50 kts South of Baja California, Mexico
Tropical Storm Sonia continued today in the region south of Baja California, Mexico with winds up to 50 kts. It is expected to track to the west and is unlikely to enhance regional seismicity at this time. The antipode at 14S 60E is in the Indian Ocean and could see enhanced seismicity at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE MONTHA (03B)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC MONTHA 2025-10-27 00:00 UT 12.7N 84.3E 50 kts Southeast of India
Tropical Cyclone Montha (03B) continued today in the region southeast of Peninsular India winds up to 50 kts. It is expected to track to the west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the area. The antipode is at 13S 96W is in the South Pacific in a seismic quiet zone west of Peru.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 26, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1660 0004 0013 0018 C1.2 (October 26, 2025) 8.8E-04
Mindanao M 5.0 00:25 UT
1670 0124 0134 0142 C1.4 (October 26, 2025) 1.4E-03
1680 0522 0529 0534 B9.4 (October 26, 2025) 6.5E-04
Ethiopia M 4.9 05:24 UT
1700 2137 2144 2147 B7.9 (October 26, 2025) 4.2E-04
Myanmar M 4.2 21:53 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: Active October 27 minor storms October 28-29. Solar M-flare chance: 5% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 4 1 4 08:00 2 92 124
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
October 26, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.0 in the Santa Cruz Islands near Lata, Solomon Islands. NEIC
did not report that it was felt. No damage or tsunami was expected with this
earthquake. It occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted by
tidal and/or geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this hour. It occurred
towards the end of the largest solar flare of the day - a C2.2 (#1650) and may have
been promoted by SFE from this flare. Data for this flare from SWPC follow:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1650 2258 2310 2330 C2.2 (October 25, 2025) 1.6E-03 *
Santa Cruz Island M 6.0 23:28 UT
O: 25OCT2025 23:28:06 12.4S 166.5E MW=6.0 EMSC SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS
O: 25OCT2025 10:41:36 13.1S 167.2E mb=4.5 EMSC VANUATU
An unusually large earthquake also occurred with M 5.4 in the southeast Indian Ridge.
It may have been felt in the epicentral area but this was not reported by NEIC.
This earthquake occurred near local solar midnight and may have been promoted
by tidal and/or geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this hour.
Today's earthquake in the Southeast Indian Ridge may have been promoted
by the fourth largest solar flare of the day as it occurred at the peak output of solar flare 1640 (B9.5).
Data from SWPC for this flare follow:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1640 1621 1628 1634 B9.5 (October 25, 2025) 7.5E-04
Southeast Indian Ridge M 5.4 16:31 UT
This epicenter in the Indian Ridge is nearly antipodal to an M 3.0 which
occurred on October 20, 2025 in Ontario, Canada. Readers can make their
own determination of antipodality of these two epicenters.
O: 20OCT2025 00:46:55 46.5N 81.2W ML=3.0 EMSC ONTARIO, CANADA
O: 25OCT2025 16:31:14 45.2S 96.7E MW=5.4 EMSC SOUTHEAST INDIAN RIDGE
Another earthquake in an Ocean Ridge area which was antipodal to a recent
significant earthquake occurred today in the southern East Pacific Rise. This event
of M 4.9 is at the antipode of an M 6.0 in Hindu Kush, Afghanistan of August 31, 2025.
Readers may check the antipodality of these two events with the following data:
O: 31AUG2025 19:17:34 34.5N 70.7EW ML=6.0 EMSC AFGHANISTAN
O: 25OCT2025 15:18:22 34.8S 108.6W MB=4.9 EMSC SOUTHERN EAST PACIFIC RISE
Enhanced seismicity also continued today in the area of Naples, Italy where an M 4.0
was recorded today. Today's activity was reported by EMSC to have been felt with strong intensity at Avellino, Santa Paolina, Monteforte, Grottaminarda, Cimitile, Sant'Anna, Spartimento, Salerno, Pomigliano d'Arco, Battipaglia, Arpino, Portici, Casoria, Casagiove, Frattamaggiore, Arzano, Secondigliano, Vicaria, San Lorenzo, Naples, Pendino, San Ferdinando, Arenela, Aversa, Chiaia, Sorrento, Casaluce, Pianura, Monteverde, Foggia among others and lightly in Bagnoli, Chiaiano, Italy.
In the previous issue of this summary the uptick in regional seismicity at this time had been noted as:
"NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.6-4.0 in Central Italy was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Italy with intensity III near Naples and II in San Paolo Bel Sito, Campania.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Italy at Avellino, Castel San Giorgio, Capriglia, Nocera Superiore, Pagani, Cava De Tirreni, Angri, Salerno, Portici, Eboli, Naples, Montechiaro.
This appears related to the activity related to a possible eruption near
Mt. Vesuvius where signs of pre-eruption activity have been observed in the
past several days which included tremor and smoke.
Local news sources indicated widespread fear with this latest series of
minor tremors near Naples. The last earthquake within about 100 km of this
with M>=4 occurred as an M 4.4 on May 13, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"An earthquake of M 4.4 shook the region of Naples, Italy today causing concern
of a coming volcanic event among residents. NEIC reported maximum intensity IV in Campania at Naples with III in Casoria and II in Sorrento, Italy.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in the Naples, Italy area at Pozzuoli with slight damage, Quarto, Naples, Casoria, Aversa, San Giorgio a Cremano, Frattamaggiore, Afragola, Trecase, Minturno, Belvedere Marittimo.
This is the strongest earthquake in the area of central Italy within about 150 km of this epicenter since an M 4.7 on March 28, 2023.
An M 4.2 hit the Naples area on March 13, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in Naples, Italy was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Naples, Italy with V in Pozzuoli, Campania; IV in Monte di Procida, Naples, Quarto, III in Bacoli, Orta di Atellaand San Giorgio a Cermano and in Penna Sant' Andrea Abruzzen, Italy.
EMSC reported this event at M 4.4 was felt strongly in Italy at Monte di Procida, Naples, Quarto, Afragola, Frattamaggiore, Pollena Trocchia, Pomigliano d'Arco, Acerra, Boscoreale, Nola.
This appears to be the strongest earthquake west of Naples in at least 40 years. The press
reported it was preceded by a loud earthquake noise. A lot of damage to facades
and ceilings was reported with the quake and in Bagnoli some people were trapped
in their houses. A ceiling collapse in Pozzuoli temporarily trapped a resident.
A series of aftershocks followed inflicting additional damage. An minor eruption of
Mount Vesuvius or Campi Flegrei is expected in the near future. The earthquake
occurred near local solar midnight and may have been promoted by strong
tidal stresses associated with the full moon and eclipse of March 14." (March 13, 2025)
(May 13, 2025)
Today's epicenter is at the third node (120 degrees) from the Drake Passage and
at 102 degrees from the M 7.6 in Mindanao, Philippines and was likely
promoted by energy from those sources." (October 25, 2025)
O: 25OCT2025 19:49:19 41.0N 14.8E ML=4.0 EMSC SOUTHERN ITALY
O: 24OCT2025 12:40:58 41.0N 14.8E ML=3.6 EMSC SOUTHERN ITALY
O: 24OCT2025 12:40:58 41.0N 14.8E ML=4.0 NEIC SOUTHERN ITALY
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in Ethiopia was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Ethiopia in Addis Ababa with III and in Nazret, Oromia with II.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Nazret, Addis Ababa and Sebeta, Ethiopia.
O: 26OCT2025 05:24:18 9.6N 40.0E MB=4.9 EMSC ETHIOPIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.7 in Eastern Honshu, Japan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Eastern Honshu, Japan with III in Tokyo, Utsunomiya, Tocigi, Yokohama, Kawasaki, Atsugi, Zushi, Kanagawa, Nikko and Utsunomiya, Tochigi and II in Tachikawa, Tokyo and Komoro, Nagano, Japan.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Japan at Maebashi, Wako, Tokyo, Urayasu.
This earthquake occurred within minutes of local solar noon and may have
been promoted by tidal and/or geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this
hour.
O: 26OCT2025 03:04:55 36.5N 139.4E MB=4.7 EMSC EASTERN HONSHU, JAPAN
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in Big Sur.
This continues a series of light earthquakes in Central California over the
past several days which has included a series in northern and southern San
Francisco Bay. As these events area located near 103 degrees from the
recent earthquakes in Mindanao and Leyte of M>7 it is likely they are
being promoted by energy from those sources. A moderate to strong earthquake
in this area of California is still considered likely in the near future.
Such a quake is most likely near local solar noon or midnight in conjuction
with a strong M- or X-class solar flare.
O: 26OCT2025 02:21:34 35.8N 121.4W MD=2.7 EMSC OFFSHORE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Costa Rica was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Costa Rica with V in San Vito Puntarenas, and III in La Suiza, Cartago and in Chiriqui, Panama with IV in Potrerillos Abajo, Volcan, Cerro Punta, and III in Boquiet and Palmira.
EMSC reported moderate Shaking in Ciudad Cortes, Golfito, Costa Rica and in Bajo Boquete, Mague, Nuevo San Carlitos, Volcan, Panama.
This is an aftershock of the M 5.9 in Costa Rica last week.
O: 25OCT2025 23:45:16 9.0N 83.0W MB=4.6 EMSC PANAMA-COSTA RICA BORDER REGIO
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.6-3.9 in Western Nevada was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Western Nevada in the area of Tonopah with II in Tonopah and Glenbrook.
O: 25OCT2025 12:30:13 37.9N 117.2W ML=3.6 EMSC NEVADA
O: 25OCT2025 12:30:13 37.9N 117.2W ML=3.9 NEIC NEVADA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.1 in the Geysers of California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Geysers of California with III in Kelseyville, and II in Healdsburg, Potter Valley and Emeryville.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 in the Central Andreanof Islands, Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Central Andreanof Islands, Alaska at Adak.
This was the strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today.
It occurred near local solar midnight and may have been promoted by tidal or
geomagnetic stresses which maximize near this hour.
It may have been triggered by the second strongest solar flare of the day - a C1.6
(#1600) as it occurred at the start of that flare. Data on this flare from
SWPC follow:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1600 1013 1023 1030 C1.6 (October 25, 2025) 1.2E-03
Andreanof Is. M 5.0 10:13 UT
O: 25OCT2025 10:13:06 51.5N 176.2W MB=5.0 EMSC ANDREANOF ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN IS
An M 5.5 in the Kuril Islands may also have been promoted by a solar flare.
NEIC reported it may have been felt with intensity up to IV in the epicentral
area and occurred near local solar midnight. It was also closely associated
with the third most powerful solar flare of the day - a C1.3 (1610). This
earthquake occurred at the maximum output of the flare. Data of this flare from SWPC follow:
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1610 1101 1112 1128 C1.3 (October 25, 2025) 1.8E-03
Kuril Is. M 5.5 11:13 UT
O: 25OCT2025 11:13:07 50.0N 156.1E MW=5.5 EMSC KURIL ISLANDS
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
HURRICANE MELISSA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
HURR MELISSA 2025-10-26 00:00 UT 16.4N 76.9W 140 kts South of Jamaica
Hurricane Melissa continued today in the region of south of Jamaica with winds up to 140 kts. It is expected to track to the north and will hit Jamaica, Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Haiti around October 27-30. It could help promote moderate seismicity in that area at that time. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time. Much of the area surrounding the Caribbean has been active in the past several days and this could continue for the next several days. The antipode is at 16S 103E - south of Sumatra and is not a highly seismic zone but minor enhancement is possible in the area south of Sumatra at this time.
TROPICAL STORM SONIA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS SONIA 2025-10-26 00:00 UT 13.6N 119.8W 55 kts South of Baja California, Mexico
Tropical Storm Sonia continued today in the region south of Baja California, Mexico with winds up to 55 kts. It is expected to track to the west and is unlikely to enhance regional seismicity at this time. The antipode at 14S 60E is in the Indian Ocean and could see enhanced seismicity at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE 03B
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC 03B 2025-10-26 00:00 UT 11.3N 86.1E 45 kts Southeast of India
Tropical Cyclone 03B formed today in the region southeast of Peninsular India winds up to 45 kts. It is expected to track to the west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the area. The antipode is at 11S 94W is in the South Pacific in a seismic quiet zone west of Peru.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 25, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1600 1013 1023 1030 C1.6 (October 25, 2025) 1.2E-03
Andreanof Is. M 5.0 10:13 UT
Vanuatu M 4.5 10:41 UT
1610 1101 1112 1128 C1.3 (October 25, 2025) 1.8E-03
Kuril Is. M 5.5 11:13 UT
1640 1621 1628 1634 B9.5 (October 25, 2025) 7.5E-04
Southeast Indian Ridge M 5.4 16:31 UT
1650 2258 2310 2330 C2.2 (October 25, 2025) 1.6E-03 *
Santa Cruz Island M 6.0 23:28 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: Active October 27 minor storms October 28 unsettled October 26. Solar M-flare chance: 10% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 9 12 9 08:00 4 89 127
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 24, 2025 at 17:47:02 UT (#251024A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
October 25, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.8 in Hokkaido, northern
Japan. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity II in Sibetsu, Hokkaido.
This earthquake occurred near local solar midnight and may have been
promoted by tidal and/or geomagnetic effects which maximize near this hour.
O: 24OCT2025 16:40:10 43.0N 145.6E MW=5.8 EMSC HOKKAIDO, JAPAN REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.2 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California with III in Soledad and II in Paicines, San Juan Bautista.
O: 25OCT2025 05:05:38 36.6N 121.3W ML=3.0 EMSC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
O: 25OCT2025 05:05:38 36.6N 121.3W ML=3.2 NEIC CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in Trinidad and Tobago was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Trinidad and Tobago with IV in Tunapuna and Mucurapo and III in Port of Spain, Arima, Chaguanas, Tacarigua and II in Point Fortin and in Saint George, Grenada.
EMSC reported a sudden jolt in Trinidad and Tobago at Petit Valley, Mucurapo, Tunapuna, Chaguanas, and in Grenada at Saint George's, Sauteurs, and in Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela.
The mainshock was preceded by an M 3.5 about 100 km to the north in the area of
Grenada.
O: 24OCT2025 16:52:37 11.5N 61.9W ML=3.5 EMSC GRENADA REGION, WINDWARD ISLANDS
O: 24OCT2025 23:50:51 10.5N 61.8W MW=4.8 EMSC GULF OF PARIA, TRINIDAD-TOBAGO
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in the Gulf of Venezuela was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Gulf of Venezuela in Zulia at Maracaibo.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Maracaibo, Venezuela.
This earthquake occurred near the eye of Hurricane Melissa and may have been
promoted by energy from that source as noted in this and previous issues
of this summary:
"Hurricane Melissa continued today in the region of the central Caribbean with winds up to 100 kts. It is expected to track to the north and will hit Jamaica, Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Haiti around October 27-30. It could help promote moderate seismicity in that area at that time. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time. Much of the area surrounding the Caribbean has been active in the past several days and this could continue for the next several days. The antipode is at 16S 105E - south of Sumatra and is not a highly seismic zone but minor enhancement is possible in the area south of Sumatra at this time." (October 24-25, 2025)
O: 24OCT2025 21:30:50 11.5N 71.8W MB=4.8 EMSC GOLFO DE VENEZUELA
A moderate earthquake occurred today in the area of southern Alaska near Skwentna.
NEIC reported this earthquake of M 4.6 in Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Skwenta, Alaska with IV and III in Talkeena, Palmer, Fort Richardson, Anchorage, Willow, Elmendorf AFB among others.
EMSC reported strong shaking in Anchorage, Alaska with an earthquake noise.
O: 24OCT2025 20:03:25 61.9N 151.4W MW=4.6 EMSC SOUTHERN ALASKA
P: 24OCT2025 176634 60.5N 151.5W 3.2-4.9 AAAAA Central Alaska
P: 25OCT2025 176635 61.1N 150.2W 3.2-4.9 AAAAA Central Alaska
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in the Alaska Peninsula was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Alaska Peninsula near Sand Point at Chignik.
O: 24OCT2025 14:34:03 54.6N 159.9W MB=4.8 EMSC SOUTH OF ALASKA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.9 in Mindanao, Philippines was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Mindanao, Philippines with III in Bislig, Caraga and II in Davao, Southern Mindanao.
EMSC reported strong shaking in Mindanao at Antipolo, Danao, Consolacion, Apas, Mandaue City, Cebu City, Adlaon, Lapu-Lapu City, Dapitan, Ormoc, Tangke, Talisay, Minglanilla, Guadalupe, Carcar City, Bacoloc City, Tagum.
O: 24OCT2025 16:05:40 8.0N 126.7E MB=4.9 EMSC MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.6-4.0 in Central Italy was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Italy with intensity III near Naples and II in San Paolo Bel Sito, Campania.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Italy at Avellino, Castel San Giorgio, Capriglia, Nocera Superiore, Pagani, Cava De Tirreni, Angri, Salerno, Portici, Eboli, Naples, Montechiaro.
O: 24OCT2025 12:40:58 41.0N 14.8E ML=3.6 EMSC SOUTHERN ITALY
O: 24OCT2025 12:40:58 41.0N 14.8E ML=4.0 NEIC SOUTHERN ITALY
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.1 in Romania was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Romania.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in Coquimbo, Chile was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Coquimbo, Vicuna abd Vina del Mar, Chile.
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
HURRICANE MELISSA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
HURR MELISSA 2025-10-25 00:00 UT 16.5N 75.6W 100 kts Caribbean Sea
Hurricane Melissa continued today in the region of the central Caribbean with winds up to 100 kts. It is expected to track to the north and will hit Jamaica, Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Haiti around October 27-30. It could help promote moderate seismicity in that area at that time. A moderate to moderately strong earthquake is possible in the area at this time. Much of the area surrounding the Caribbean has been active in the past several days and this could continue for the next several days. The antipode is at 16S 105E - south of Sumatra and is not a highly seismic zone but minor enhancement is possible in the area south of Sumatra at this time.
TROPICAL STORM SONIA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS SONIA 2025-10-25 00:00 UT 13.5N 118.6W 55 kts South of Baja California, Mexico
Tropical Storm Sonia formed today in the region south of Baja California, Mexico with winds up to 55 kts. It is expected to track to the west and is unlikely to enhance regional seismicity at this time. The antipode is at 13S 62E is in the Indian Ocean and could see enhanced seismicity at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE CHENGE
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC CHENGE 2025-10-25 00:00 UT 8.1S 49.9E 40 kts South Indian Ocean.
Tropical Cyclone Chenge (04S) continued today in the region of the South Indian Ocean with winds up to 40 kts. It is expected to track to the west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the Indian Ocean rift systems. The antipode is at 8N 130W is in the North Pacific in a seismic quiet zone.
The new moon arrived on October 21, 2025 at 12:25 UT. Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time area near 10 West and those which are anti-solar (local solar noon) are near 170 East longitude. These include, in the west the areas of Iceland and western Europe and portions of the central mid-Atlantic near the equator and in the east areas of the New Zealand/Tonga/Fiji/Kermadec and Solomon, Santa Cruz, and Vanuatu Islands, Kamchatka and Northern Japan and the Kurils among others. These include areas where strong tidal effects and help promote strong to major earthquakes and such an event may be expected in the next week.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 24, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1440 0241 0257 0306 C2.9 (October 24, 2025) 2.8E-03
Mindanao M 4.1 02:55 UT
1450 0510 0518 0533 C1.0 (October 24, 2025) 1.3E-03
North Carolina M 2.2 05:20 UT
1470 0821 0827 0833 C1.1 (October 24, 2025) 8.2E-04
New Zealand M 5.0 08:31 UT
1480 0851 0856 0859 C1.3 (October 24, 2025) 5.9E-04
1490 1253 1301 1304 C1.5 (October 24, 2025) 8.0E-04
Minahasa M 3.6 12:54 UT
1520 1833 1840 1850 C1.3 (October 24, 2025) 1.3E-03
Sea of Japan M 4.0 18:44 UT
Argentina M 3.9 18:43 UT
Ceram Sea M 4.8 18:56 UT
Guam M 4.9 19:04 UT
1530 2000 2004 2009 C1.4 (October 24, 2025) 7.8E-04
Southern Alaska M 4.6 20:03 UT
Bonin Is. M 4.5 20:13 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: Active October 27 unsettled October 25-26. Solar M-flare chance: 10% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 10 8 8 15:00 3 99 134
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 17, 2025 at 08:40:44 UT (#251017A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.8 was assigned to this GRB.
October 24, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in eastern Honshu, Japan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of eastern Honshu, Japan with III in Tokyo and Narita, Chiba.
O: 24OCT2025 06:47:24 35.7N 140.1E MB=4.5 EMSC NEAR EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
An earlier shock of M 5.1 north of Tokyo today was reported by NEIC to have
been felt with intensity III in Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
O: 23OCT2025 21:09:28 37.5N 141.9E MB=5.1 EMSC NEAR EAST COAST OF HONSHU,
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.1-3.3 in eastern Los Angeles, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of eastern Los Angeles, California with III in Forest Falls, Banning, Lake Arrowhead, Crestline, Mintone, Winchester, Rancho Santa Fe and II in Yucaipa, Chino Hills and Barstow.
O: 24OCT2025 03:12:36 34.1N 117.0W ML=3.1 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 24OCT2025 03:12:36 34.1N 117.0W ML=3.3 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported a series of earthquakes of M 2.0-2.6 in the San Francisco Bay area of California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the San Francisco Bay area of California with III in San Mateo, Redwood City, Atherton, Menlo Pak, Palo Alto, San Carlos, Stanford, and II in Portola Valley among others.
A second series north of this occurred near Lafayette, California.
These events included an M 2.8 and M 2.7 and were reported felt with intensity
II in California at Redwood City, San Carlos, Albany and Lafayette.
O: 24OCT2025 00:11:43 37.4N 122.2W MD=2.4 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 23OCT2025 22:32:45 37.4N 122.2W MD=2.0 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 23OCT2025 22:34:47 37.4N 122.2W MD=2.2 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 23OCT2025 23:27:41 37.4N 122.2W MD=2.5 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 23OCT2025 23:37:42 37.4N 122.2W MD=2.2 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 23OCT2025 22:36:38 37.9N 122.2W MD=2.6 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 23OCT2025 22:36:38 37.9N 122.2W MD=2.7 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 23OCT2025 22:36:38 37.9N 122.2W MD=2.8 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 23OCT2025 21:16:23 37.9N 122.2W MD=2.2 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.6 in Wyoming was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Wyoming in Thayne.
O: 23OCT2025 18:15:02 43.0N 110.9W ML=2.6 EMSC WYOMING
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 4.6 in the area of
Sand Point, Alaska. NEIC reported it may have been felt in the area with intensity up to III.
O: 23OCT2025 16:27:55 54.6N 160.2W MB=4.6 EMSC ALASKA PENINSULA
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.6 in the Banda Sea, Indonesia.
NEIC reported it was felt with intensity up to III in the epicentral area.
O: 23OCT2025 11:46:10 6.3S 131.0E MW=5.6 EMSC BANDA SEA
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL STORM MELISSA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS MELISSA 2025-10-24 00:00 UT 15.7N 74.6W 45 kts Caribbean Sea
Tropical Storm Melissa continued today in the region of the central Caribbean with winds up to 45 kts. It is expected to track to the north becoming a Hurricane as it arrives in the area south of Jamaica the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. It could help promoted moderate seismicity in the area at that time including the Windward and Leeward Islands of the eastern Caribbean. It could also help promoted enhanced seismicity in portions of Central America like Costa Rica and Nicaragua at this time due to its slow movement. The antipode is at 14S 105E - south of Sumatra and is not a highly seismic zone but minor enhancement is possible in the area south of Sumatra at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE CHENGE
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC CHENGE 2025-10-24 00:00 UT 9.2S 55.5E 50 kts South Indian Ocean.
Tropical Cyclone Chenge (04S) continued today in the region of the South Indian Ocean with winds up to 50 kts. It is expected to track to the west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the Indian Ocean rift systems. The antipode is at 9N 125W is in the North Pacific in a seismic quiet zone.
The new moon arrived on October 21, 2025 at 12:25 UT. Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time area near 10 West and those which are anti-solar (local solar noon) are near 170 East longitude. These include, in the west the areas of Iceland and western Europe and portions of the central mid-Atlantic near the equator and in the east areas of the New Zealand/Tonga/Fiji/Kermadec and Solomon, Santa Cruz, and Vanuatu Islands, Kamchatka and Northern Japan and the Kurils among others. These include areas where strong tidal effects and help promote strong to major earthquakes and such an event may be expected in the next week.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 23, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1450 0510 0518 0533 C1.0 (October 24, 2025) 1.3E-03
North Carolina M 2.2 05:20 UT
1350 0141 0159 0214 C2.4 (October 23, 2025) 3.7E-03
Kamchatka M 5.6 02:31 UT
1360 0411 0424 0429 C2.0 (October 23, 2025) 1.5E-03
Peru-Ecuador M 4.0 04:18 UT
New Britain M 5.2 04:07 UT
1370 0456 0508 0515 C3.2 (October 23, 2025) 2.5E-03
Solomon Is. M 5.2 05:20 UT
Peru M 4.1 04:54 UT
1380 0841 0854 0859 C1.5 (October 23, 2025) 1.2E-03
Northern Sumatra M 3.9 08:55 UT
Kamchatka M 4.5 09:02 UT
1390 1433 1443 1446 C1.2 (October 23, 2025) 1.1E-03
1420 1446 1450 1454 C1.3 (October 23, 2025) 7.6E-04
1430 1502 1506 1541 C2.1 (October 23, 2025) 8.4E-04
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: quiet October 24 and 26 unsettled October 25. Solar M-flare chance: 10% X-class: 1% proton storm: 5%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 6 3 4 21:00 2 92 130
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 17, 2025 at 08:40:44 UT (#251017A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.8 was assigned to this GRB.
October 23, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.6 aftershock in Kamchatka, Russia. NEIC reported it was probably felt with intensity IV in the epicentral zone.
This earthquake occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted by tidal stresses
which maximize near this hour.
O: 23OCT2025 02:31:27 51.4N 159.4E Mw=5.6 EMSC OFF EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.2 in the Solomon Islands was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Solomon Islands at Honiara, Guadalcanal.
O: 23OCT2025 05:20:38 10.2S 161.2E MB=5.2 EMSC SOLOMON ISLANDS
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.2 in Papua New Guinea was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Papua New Guinea in Port Moresby.
O: 23OCT2025 04:07:02 6.6S 148.3E MB=5.2 EMSC NEW BRITAIN REGION, P.N.G.
NEIC reported an aftershock of M 4.3 in Costa Rica was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Costa Rica in Esparta, Asuncion, Concepcion, Mercedes, Curridabat, Palmares, San Isidro, Santa Ana and Sabanilla.
O: 23OCT2025 03:43:03 9.1N 83.8W MB=4.3 EMSC COSTA RICA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.2 in Southern California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern California with II in Escondido, Imperial, Westmorland and Brawley.
O: 23OCT2025 00:04:29 33.1N 115.6W ML=3.0 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
O: 23OCT2025 00:04:29 33.1N 115.6W ML=3.2 NEIC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.7 in eastern Los Angeles, California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of eastern Los Angeles, California with III in Rialto and Rancho Cucamonga and II in Fontana, Garden Grove, Colton, Los Angeles.
EMSC reported light shaking a a small rumble in Fontana and Rancho Cecamonga.
O: 22OCT2025 19:21:00 34.1N 117.5W ML=2.6 EMSC GREATER LOS ANGELES AREA, CALI
O: 22OCT2025 19:21:00 34.1N 117.5W ML=2.7 NEIC GREATER LOS ANGELES AREA, CALI
NEIC reported an M 3.2 earthquake in western Los Angeles, California area today was felt with intensity III in California at Somis, Ventura, Oxnard, Frazier Park, Santa Paula and II in Camarillo, Sherman Oaks and Rancho Cucamonga.
EMSC reported the shaking woke people with moderate shaking in Fillmore, California.
O: 22OCT2025 10:21:43 34.4N 119.1W ML=3.2 EMSC SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in Guatemala was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Guatemala with III in Olintepeque, Quezaltenango and II in Atitlan, Solola.
EMSC reported strong shaking in Quetzaltenango but weak shaking in Tuxtla Gutierrez, Mexico.
O: 22OCT2025 18:58:28 14.4N 91.8W MB=4.7 EMSC GUATEMALA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.6 in Central Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Alaska in Cantwell.
odus, Rochester, Ontario, Williamson, with III and II in King Ferry, Pittsford, Webster, Akron and Rochester. EMSC reported light shaking in Pultneyville, New York.
O: 22OCT2025 23:19:24 43.4N 77.2W ML=2.2 EMSC NEW YORK
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in Ecuador was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Ecuador in Zaruma.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in Romania was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Romania at Jorasti, Letea Veche, Bacau, Barlad, Campina, I.C. Bratianu, Smardan, Valea Lupului, Iasi and in Cantemir, Moldova among others.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in Panama was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Panama at Chitre, La Arena, Panama.
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL STORM MELISSA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS MELISSA 2025-10-23 00:00 UT 15.0N 74.9W 50 kts Caribbean Sea
Tropical Storm Melissa continued today in the region of the central Caribbean with winds up to 50 kts. It is expected to track to the north becoming a Hurricane as it arrives in the area south of Jamaica the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. It could help promoted moderate seismicity in the area at that time including the Windward and Leeward Islands of the eastern Caribbean. It could also help promoted enhanced seismicity in portions of Central America like Costa Rica and Nicaragua at this time due to its slow movement. The antipode is at 14S 105E - south of Sumatra and is not a highly seismic zone but minor enhancement is possible in the area south of Sumatra at this time.
TROPICAL STORM FENGSHEN
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS FENGSHEN 2025-10-23 00:00 UT 16.0N 108.0E 35 kts China Sea west of central Philippines Philippines
Tropical Storm Fengshen continued today in the region west of then Central Philippines with winds up to 35 kts. It is expected to track to the south and west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the area of the Philippines. The antipode is at 16S 72W is in southern Peru where seismic enhancement is likely in the next several days.
TROPICAL CYCLONE CHENGE
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC CHENGE 2025-10-23 00:00 UT 10.2S 59.5E 50 kts South Indian Ocean.
Tropical Cyclone Chenge (04S) continued today in the region of the South Indian Ocean with winds up to 50 kts. It is expected to track to the west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the Indian Ocean rift systems. The antipode is at 10N 120W is near the Northeast Pacific Rise west of Mexico and southern Baja California but is not expected to see enhanced seismicity at this time.
The new moon arrived on October 21, 2025 at 12:25 UT. Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time area near 10 West and those which are anti-solar (local solar noon) are near 170 East longitude. These include, in the west the areas of Iceland and western Europe and portions of the central mid-Atlantic near the equator and in the east areas of the New Zealand/Tonga/Fiji/Kermadec and Solomon, Santa Cruz, and Vanuatu Islands, Kamchatka and Northern Japan and the Kurils among others. These include areas where strong tidal effects and help promote strong to major earthquakes and such an event may be expected in the next week.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 22, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1230 0019 0034 0051 C4.4 (October 22, 2025) 5.9E-03
1260 0107 0152 0203 C4.7 (October 22, 2025) 1.3E-02
1280 0631 0636 0641 C1.8 (October 22, 2025) 1.2E-03
1300 0702 0720 0808 C4.2 (October 22, 2025) 1.4E-02
Romania M 4.2 07:23 UT
Fiji M 4.5 07:30 UT
1320 1325 1338 1345 C2.4 (October 22, 2025) 2.2E-03
Halmahera M 3.8 13:25 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: quiet October 23-24 unsettled October 25. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 10%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 4 1 3 19:00 2 117 133
October 22, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.9 in the region of Costa Rica. NEIC reported it was widely with intensity V in Costa Rica at Cacayas, San Isidro, Colon, San Francisco, San Juan, San Jose, Quepos, Santo Domingo, Heredia, Esparta, Puntarenas, Juntas, Guanacaste, Limon, San Pedro, Ipsis and IV in Heredia, San Antonio, Cinco Esquinas, Tobosi, Paquera, Concepcion, Parrita, Escazu, San Antonio de Desamparados, San Rafael Arriba, San Rafael Abajo, Sabanilla, Guadalupe, San Juan, Mercedes, Cartago, Daniel Flored, Santa Ana, Cahuita, La Suiza, Grecia and many other commumities. It was reportedly felt as far as 400 km in Panama.
This earthquake occurred as Tropical Storm Melissa was gaining energy to the
east in the Caribbean and may have been promoted by energy associated with
this storm as noted in this summary:
"TS MELISSA 2025-10-22 00:00 UT 14.3N 74.6W 50 kts Caribbean Sea" (October 22, 2025)
It occurred near local solar midnight and may have been promoted by tidal
stresses with the new moon of October 21. The expected effects of this new
moon had been previous noted in this summary as:
"The new moon arrived on October 21, 2025 at 12:25 UT. Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time area near 10 West and those which are anti-solar (local solar noon) are near 170 East longitude. These include, in the west the areas of Iceland and western Europe and portions of the central mid-Atlantic near the equator and in the east areas of the New Zealand/Tonga/Fiji/Kermadec and Solomon, Santa Cruz, and Vanuatu Islands, Kamchatka and Northern Japan and the Kurils among others. These include areas where strong tidal effects and help promote strong to major earthquakes and such an event may be expected in the next week." (October 19-21, 2025)
The last earthquake in Costa Rica within about 200 km of this epicenter of M>=5.9
occurred as an M 6.0 on August 24, 2020. At the time this summary noted:
"Two strong Tropical Storms are currently active in the Gulf of Mexico. Both are
expected to make landfall in Louisiana in the next several days. These are Hurricane
Laura and TS Marco. In previous issues of this summary it had been hypothesized
that these low pressure systems could affect regional seismicity as:
...
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 6.0 in Costa Rica. NEIC reported it was felt with maximum intensity V in Costa Rica at Jaco and Parrita, Puntarenas; IV in Paquera, Quepos and Colon, San Jose and III in Santiago, Atenas, Puntarenas, Esquipulas and San Ramon, Alajuela.
The epicenter in Costa Rica is directly south of the eye of Hurricane Laura
and slightly east of the eye of TS Marco at the time of the earthquake and
was probably promoted by energy from these storms." (August 24, 2020)
The last event in Costa Rica of significantly larger magnitude than the M 5.9
today occurred on November 13, 2017 with M 6.5. At the time this summary
noted:
"... the event in Costa Rica occurred at 84 West longitude while maximum
stress was expected at 83 West Longitude. It was damaging in the area of Puntarenas, Costa Rica where NEIC reported intensity VIII and in Jaco, Tobosi, Santo Domingo, Cinco Esquinas, with intensity VI.
The mainshock in Costa Rica was also reported felt with intensity V in Santiago and San Marcos de Tarrazu, San Jose, and in San Antonio, Desamparados, San Miguel, Costa Rica. Intensity V was also reported from Changuinola, Panama and Sixaola, Limon, in Los Chiles, Pital, Palmares, and Quesada, Alajuela, Costa Rica.
Lesser shaking of IV was felt within about 150 km of the epicenter while III
shaking was felt within about 200 km of the earthquake. Death tolls in this
earthquake are uncertain but it may have precipitated three fatal heart attacks in Jaco and Coronado, Costa Rica.
Internet photos showed a number of damaged or collapsed structures and tolls
are likely to rise. Minor phone and electricity outages were reported but
no tsunami was expected or observed. A number of landslides were reported which
could increase the possibility of unreported deaths or injuries.
A series of regional foreshocks hit Costa Rica at different epicenter prior
to the mainshock. These covered areas up to 250 km from the mainshock but
were probably indicative of a strong regional stress. The last earthquake
in Costa Rica of M>=6.5 occurred on October 24, 2012 (M 6.5) and prior to that an M 7.6
on September 5, 2012. That event was probably triggered by stresses from Hurricane
Isaac which helped trigger an M 7.6 in El Salvador days earlier." (November 13, 2017)
The earthquake of September 5, 2012 was an M 7.6, the strongest inthe region
of Costa Rica in at least 35 years. At the time this summary noted in regard
to the effect of Hurricane Isaac on this event:
"NHC reported that a low pressure system south of New Orleans, Louisiana
is moving slowly to the SSW. It has a 50% chance of becoming a tropical
storm in the next two days. This storm is located in the same region
as Hurricane Isaac last week and may have helped promote the earthquake
of M 7.6 in Costa Rica today." (September 5, 2012)
It is notable that the earthquake in 2012 followed several days after an
M 7.6 in Samar, Philippines, not unlike today's situation.
This summary suggested this connection at the time as:
"... These include stress transfer ... triggering effects from the M 7.6 in the Philippines of August 31. The
distance between these epicenters is 142 degrees, the other edge of the shadow
zone where energy from the core boundaries finds its way back to the surface." (September 6, 2012)
Today's earthquake in Costa Rica was at 144 (node 5) degrees from the M 7.6 in Minddanao and the
M 7.4 in Leyte, Philippines and was probably promoted by energy from those sources.
t is also at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the M 7.8 Drake Passage earthquake of
October 10 and was also probably promoted from that source.
O: 22OCT2025 03:57:06 9.4N 84.2W MW=5.9 EMSC COSTA RICA
A moderately strong earthquake also occurred today near the coast of Ecuador with M 5.5. It was reported by NEIC to have been widely felt in Ecuador in El Oro with intensity IV in Pinas, Arenillas, Psaje, Santa Rosa, Santa Lucia and III in Loja, Cuenca, Machala and Guayaquil.
EMSC reported moderate intensity in Ecuador at Zaruma, Machala, Loja, Pasaje, Vilcabamba, Cuenca, Guayaquil, Santa Lucia, San Martin, Jipijapa, Tutamandahostel and in Piura, Peru.
This epicenter is at the sixth node from the Drake Passage and may have been
promoted by energy from that source. The last earthquake of M>=5.5 within about 200
km of this epicenter in Ecuador occurred with M 5.5 on August 21, 2023. These
appear to be aftershocks of an M 6.8 in Ecuador on March 18, 2023. At the time
this summary noted in this regard:
"Today's earthquake of M 6.7 is the strongest in Ecuador within about 200 km
of this epicenter in at least 35 years. An M 7.5 hit about 300 km northeast of this on February 22, 2019
and another was an M 7.1 on August 12, 2010. These were both at intermediate
epicenters and were felt on the surface with moderate intensity ..." (March 18, 2023)
This epicenter is at the sixth node (60 degrees) from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage
of October 10, 2025 and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 22OCT2025 00:05:44 3.6S 79.9W MW=5.5 EMSC NEAR COAST OF ECUADOR
An earthquake of M 4.5 also occurred in southern Peru, but was not reported felt
in the epicentral area. This earthquake may have been triggered by energy from
Tropical Storm Fengshen as it occurred at the exact antipode of the eye of
that storm currently located of southern China and Vietnam. Data as reported
in this summary for this storm follow:
"TS FENGSHEN 2025-10-22 00:00 UT 16.0N 107.6E 35 kts China Sea west of central Philippines Philippines
Tropical Storm Fengshen continued today in the region west of then Central Philippines with winds up to 35 kts. It is expected to track to the south and west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the area of the Philippines. The antipode is at 16S 71W is in southern Peru where seismic enhancement is likely in the next several days." (October 22, 2025)
This epicenter is located at 45 degrees (node 8) from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 21OCT2025 22:57:04 15.9S 72.8W ML=4.5 NEIC SOUTHERN PERU
The new moon arrived on October 21 (see above) when areas near 180 and 0 degrees longitude
were nearly at local solar noon and solar midnight. A series of moderate earthquake
occurred near these longitudes today and may have been promoted by tidal stresses
with this new moon. These include events of M 4.9 and M 5.1 in the Kermadec Islands;
those of M 4.4 and 4.5 in the Fiji Islands, and as an M 5.1 in the South Sandwich
Islands. A series of unusual earthquakes also occurred near the Greenwich Meridian
in Europe today. In addition to minor events in Iceland, the Greenland Sea and
Jan Mayen Islands three unusual to moderate sized earthquakes hit in northern
Europe as an M 4.1 in Hungary; and M 4.4 in Poland and an M 3.7 in Scotland. These
are discussed separately below.
O: 22OCT2025 07:30:16 20.5S 178.0W MB=4.5 EMSC FIJI REGION
O: 21OCT2025 22:22:27 20.9S 179.0W MB=4.4 EMSC FIJI REGION
O: 21OCT2025 20:02:05 33.9S 178.6W MW=5.1 EMSC SOUTH OF KERMADEC ISLANDS
O: 22OCT2025 04:07:10 29.3S 178.3W MB=4.9 EMSC KERMADEC ISLANDS, NEW ZEALAND
O: 21OCT2025 18:11:08 59.1S 25.6W MB=5.2 EMSC SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS REGION
O: 21OCT2025 22:50:15 46.7N 20.0E ML=4.1 EMSC HUNGARY
O: 22OCT2025 04:50:29 63.9N 22.1W ML=3.1 EMSC ICELAND REGION
O: 21OCT2025 20:10:25 64.6N 17.5W ML=2.8 EMSC ICELAND
O: 21OCT2025 11:25:01 71.5N 5.4W ML=3.7 EMSC JAN MAYEN ISLAND REGION
O: 22OCT2025 03:45:47 79.1N 2.9E ML=2.7 EMSC GREENLAND SEA
O: 21OCT2025 10:54:59 79.2N 4.5E ML=2.6 EMSC GREENLAND SEA
The earthquake of M 4.1 in Hungary today was reported widely felt in that area. EMSC reported moderate shaking in Hungary at Csongrad, Palmonostora, Csanytelek, Kiskunfelegyhaza Szentes, Mindszent, Kunszentmarton, Hodmezovasarhely, Zsombo, Nagykoroa, Szarvas, Szeged, Oroshaza, Szolnok, Kondoros, Subotica, Szabadszallas, Kozarmisleny, and in Serbia at Senta, Subotica and Backa Topola, Koceljeva.
This is the strongest earthquake within about 100 km of this epicenter in at least
35 years. This epicenter is located at the fourth node (90 degrees)
from the M 7.6 in Leyte, Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from
that source.
O: 21OCT2025 22:50:15 46.7N 20.0E ML=4.1 EMSC HUNGARY
The earthquake of M 4.4 in Poland was probably a triggered mine-related. EMSC reported
it at a shallow depth was felt with moderate intensity at Jerzmanowa, Grebocice, Polkowice, Glogow, Lubin and in Harrachov, Czechia and Truen Germany.
The last earthquake of equal or larger magnitude in the area was an M 4.5 on
October 18, 2025. At the time this summary noted:
"EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in Poland was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Poland at Polkowice, Lubin, Glogow, Osiedle Henrykowskie." (October 18, 2025)
The last event of significantly larger magnitude in the area was an M 4.9 on July 8, 2020.
At the time this summary noted:
"The M 4.9 in Poland is the strongest within about 200
km of that epicenter in Poland since an M 4.9-5.0 on July 20, 2018. The last of larger magntidue
in the area was an M 5.1 on July 23, 2008. The strongest in the region in the
past 30 years was an M 5.4 on December 31, 1999." (July 8, 2020)
This epicenter is located at the fourth node (90 degrees)
from the M 7.6 in Leyte, Philippines and at the fifth node (72 degrees) from Kamchatka may have been promoted by energy from
those sources.
O: 21OCT2025 15:35:20 51.6N 16.1E ML=4.4 EMSC POLAND
The M 3.7-3.9 in Scotland was preceded by a significant foreshock at the same epicenter
of M 2.7. EMSC reported the mainshock was felt with a low rumble in Glasgow, Scotland.
This is consisten with triggering from tidal effects with the new moon of
October 21 as it is near the longitude of maximum stress with that alignment.
The only events near this magnitude within about 200 km of this epicenter
in Scotland occurred as an M 3.8 on August 4, 2017 and an M 3.7 on April 28, 2009.
At the time this summary noted:
" ... an M 3.7 earthquake was felt with intensity
V in the Lake District of England. This earthquake was centered on Ulverston,
Cumbria as well as at Barrow, Dendal, Windermere and as far south as Blackpool
and Lytham St. Annes, Lancs. The earthquake caused minor damage including
several items fallen from shelves. The earthquake lasted about 5-10 seconds
and was described as a "massive shudder". Many residents were frightened.
BGS reported this was the strongest earthquake in the North West since an event
on Dec. 26, 1979, 30 years ago. The last earthquake to shake Cumbria was
an event of M 3.0 in Ambleside in 1988." (April 28, 2009)
This epicenter is located at 104 degrees from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, and at
102 degrees from the M 7.6 in Leyte, Philippines and was probably promoted
by energy from those sources.
O: 20OCT2025 17:06:43 56.5N 4.3W ML=3.9 NEIC SCOTLAND, UNITED KINGDOM
O: 20OCT2025 17:06:43 56.5N 4.3W ML=3.7 EMSC SCOTLAND, UNITED KINGDOM
O: 20OCT2025 16:29:16 56.5N 4.6W ML=2.7 EMSC SCOTLAND, UNITED KINGDOM
An earthquake of M 5.0 was felt in the area near Nurabad, Iran today. NEIC reported
intensity III-IV in Shiraz, Fars, Iran. This epicenter is at the fifth node (72 degrees)
from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 21OCT2025 08:02:37 30.3N 52.0E MB=5.0 EMSC SOUTHERN IRAN
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.1 in Afghanistan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Afghanistan with III in Dushanbe, Tajikistan and II in Kabul, Afghanistan and Islamabad, Pakistan.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Pakistan at Chitral, Timargara, Bat Khela, Chilas, Shabqadar, Charsadda, Mardanand in Afghanistan at Pul-e Sangi, Bagrami, Kabul, Asadabad, Pul-e Khumri, Jalalabad, among others.
This epicenter is located at the sixth node (60 degrees) from Mindanao, Philippines and from Kamchatka and
142 degrees (node 5) from the Drake Passage and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 21OCT2025 18:14:49 36.6N 71.1E MW=5.1 EMSC HINDU KUSH REGION, AFGHANISTAN
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.7 in Argentina was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Argentina with III in Mendoza and in Chile at Llaillay, Valpararaiso, San Bernardo, Villa Alemana, Calera, Santiago and Illapel.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Chile at San Felipe, Chicureo Abajo, Providencia, Santiago, Lo Prado, Vina del Mar, Hacienda La Calera and in Argentina at Las Heras, Mendoza.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.9 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada with III in Chemainus and II in Sooke, Duncan and II in Victoria, Cowichan, Sidney and in Washington State at Everett, Port Angeles, Friday Harbor.
O: 21OCT2025 14:08:37 32.4S 69.7W MW=4.9 EMSC MENDOZA, ARGENTINA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.6 in Central Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Alaska in Cantwell.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in the Dodecanese Islands, Greece was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of the Dodecanese Islands, Greece in Sarigerme, Dalyan, Icmeler, Rodos, Dalaman, Turkey among others.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 3.6 in the Gulf of California was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of the Gulf of California in San jose del Cabo, El Tezal, La Playa.
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL STORM MELISSA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS MELISSA 2025-10-22 00:00 UT 14.3N 74.6W 50 kts Caribbean Sea
Tropical Storm Melissa continued today in the region of the central Caribbean with winds up to 50 kts. It is expected to track to the north becoming a Hurricane as it arrives in the area south of Jamaica the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. It could help promoted moderate seismicity in the area at that time including the Windward and Leeward Islands of the eastern Caribbean. It could also help promoted enhanced seismicity in portions of Central America like Costa Rica and Nicaragua at this time due to its slow movement. The antipode is at 14S 105E - south of Sumatra and is not a highly seismic zone but minor enhancement is possible in the area south of Sumatra at this time.
TROPICAL STORM FENGSHEN
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS FENGSHEN 2025-10-22 00:00 UT 16.0N 107.6E 35 kts China Sea west of central Philippines Philippines
Tropical Storm Fengshen continued today in the region west of then Central Philippines with winds up to 35 kts. It is expected to track to the south and west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the area of the Philippines. The antipode is at 16S 72W is in southern Peru where seismic enhancement is likely in the next several days.
TROPICAL CYCLONE CHENGE
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC CHENGE 2025-10-22 00:00 UT 10.4S 60.5E 70 kts South Indian Ocean.
Tropical Cyclone Chenge (04S) continued today in the region of the South Indian Ocean with winds up to 70 kts. It is expected to track to the west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the Indian Ocean rift systems. The antipode is at 10N 120W is near the Northeast Pacific Rise west of Mexico and southern Baja California but is not expected to see enhanced seismicity at this time.
The new moon arrived on October 21, 2025 at 12:25 UT. Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time area near 10 West and those which are anti-solar (local solar noon) are near 170 East longitude. These include, in the west the areas of Iceland and western Europe and portions of the central mid-Atlantic near the equator and in the east areas of the New Zealand/Tonga/Fiji/Kermadec and Solomon, Santa Cruz, and Vanuatu Islands, Kamchatka and Northern Japan and the Kurils among others. These include areas where strong tidal effects and help promote strong to major earthquakes and such an event may be expected in the next week.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 21, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1010 0554 0600 0605 C1.3 (October 21, 2025) 8.8E-04
Pakistan M 4.9 05:59 UT
Panama-Costa Rica M 3.3 06:04 UT
1020 0636 0649 0659 C3.7 (October 21, 2025) 4.0E-03
1200 2336 2347 2353 C1.5 (October 21, 2025) 1.4E-03
Kamchatka M 5.1 23:37 UT
Ecuador M 5.5 00:05 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: quiet October 22-24. Solar M-flare chance: 15% X-class: 1% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 9 7 8 02:00 3 107 133
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 17, 2025 at 08:40:44 UT (#251017A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.8 was assigned to this GRB.
October 21, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.8 aftershock in the
area of Mindanao, Philippines. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III
in Southern Mindanao at Buayan and Camudmud. EMSC reported slight shaking in
Mindanao, Philippines at Magugpo, Davao, and Jagna.
O: 20OCT2025 11:35:51 7.0N 127.2E MW=5.8 EMSC PHILIPPINE ISLANDS REGION
An M 3.7-3.9 in Scotland was preceded by a significant foreshock at the same epicenter
of M 2.7. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in Scotland at Killin, Seafield, Aberfeldy, Sandbank, Callander, Cupar, Kyle of Lochalsh, Perth, and II in Pitlochry and Comrie. EMSC reported the mainshock was felt with a low rumble in Glasgow, Scotland.
This is consisten with triggering from tidal effects with the new moon of
October 21 as it is near the longitude of maximum stress with that alignment.
The only events near this magnitude within about 200 km of this epicenter
in Scotland occurred as an M 3.8 on August 4, 2017 and an M 3.7 on April 28, 2009.
At the time this summary noted:
" ... an M 3.7 earthquake was felt with intensity
V in the Lake District of England. This earthquake was centered on Ulverston,
Cumbria as well as at Barrow, Dendal, Windermere and as far south as Blackpool
and Lytham St. Annes, Lancs. The earthquake caused minor damage including
several items fallen from shelves. The earthquake lasted about 5-10 seconds
and was described as a "massive shudder". Many residents were frightened.
BGS reported this was the strongest earthquake in the North West since an event
on Dec. 26, 1979, 30 years ago. The last earthquake to shake Cumbria was
an event of M 3.0 in Ambleside in 1988." (April 28, 2009)
This epicenter is located at 104 degrees from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, and at
102 degrees from the M 7.6 in Leyte, Philippines and was probably promoted
by energy from those sources.
O: 20OCT2025 17:06:43 56.5N 4.3W ML=3.9 NEIC SCOTLAND, UNITED KINGDOM
O: 20OCT2025 17:06:43 56.5N 4.3W ML=3.7 EMSC SCOTLAND, UNITED KINGDOM
O: 20OCT2025 16:29:16 56.5N 4.6W ML=2.7 EMSC SCOTLAND, UNITED KINGDOM
An earthquake of M 5.0 occurred today in the Dominican Republic. NEIC reported it was
felt with intensity V widely in the southern portion of the Dominican Republic with reported intensities of IV from Piedra Blanca Monsenor Nouel, Nagua Maria, Cabral and El Carril and III in Padre las Casas, Santo Domingo, San Cristobal, Villa Altagracia, Santiago and Constanza La Vega.
The last earthquake in the Dominican Republic with M>=5 was an 5.0 on November 10, 2023 but the
last of significantly larger magnitude was an M 7.2 in Haiti about 300 km west
of today's epicenter on August 14, 2021. At the time this summary noted:
"A major earthquake hit the region of Haiti today. This event of M 7.2 was initially
reported to have killed more than 225 people but hundreds more are missing or
injured. The mainshock was reported by NEIC to have been felt with intensity IV in Haiti
...
The only earthquake in historical record in Haiti of M>=7.2 was an M 7.2 in 1887
but the date is not known. A similar event may have occurred with M 7.2 in 1770 and in October 1751.
More recently earthquakes in the region of Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic and Haiti
occurred north of Puerto Rico with M 7.3 on April 21, 1948; M 8.1 and 7.9 in August, 1946 and
M 7.9 on July 29, 1943. Earthquakes in northern Puerto Rico also occurred in the 1900's on October 11, 1918 with M 7.5 and
with M 7.2 on April 24, 1916." (August 41, 2021)
Today's earthquake in the Dominican Republic occurred as Tropical Storm Melissa
was approaching southern Dominican Republic as noted in this and previous
issues of this summary:
"Tropical Storm Melissa continued today in the region of the central Caribbean with winds up to 50 kts. It is expected to track to the north becoming a Hurricane as it arrives in the area south of Jamaica the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. It could help promoted moderate seismicity in the area at that time including the Windward and Leeward Islands of the eastern Caribbean. It could also help promoted enhanced seismicity in portions of Central America like Costa Rica and Nicaragua at this time due to its slow movement. The antipode is at 14S 105E - south of Sumatra and is not a highly seismic zone but minor enhancement is possible in the area south of Sumatra at this time." (October 20-21, 2025)
This epicenter is at 146 degrees from the M 7.6 in Leyte, Philippines and
was probably promoted by energy from that source.
O: 20OCT2025 19:13:45 18.5N 70.6W MB=5.0 EMSC DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Several other earthquake in the eastern Caribbean today may also have been
promoted by energy from Tropical Storm Melissa. These were located in the
Leeward Islands as an M 3.5 in St. Martin and an M 4.2 in Antigua and Barbuda.
The combination of stresses with the new moon and Tropical Storm Melissa
may have helped trigger this complex of earthquakes in the Caribbean today.
These epicenters are located at 100-102 degrees from Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 21OCT2025 01:09:12 18.0N 62.4W ML=3.5 EMSC ST. MARTIN REGION, LEEWARD ISL.
O: 21OCT2025 03:36:58 17.6N 61.7W ML=4.2 EMSC ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA REGION
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 5.0 in the Andreanof Island, Aleutians, Alaska. NEIC
reported it was felt with intensity II in Adak, Alaska. It is likely this event
was promoted by tidal stresses with the new moon as it lies near the longitude
of maximum stress with that alignment as noted in this and previous issues of
this summary:
"The new moon will arrive on October 21, 2025 at 12:25 UT. Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time area near 10 West and those which are anti-solar (local solar noon) are near 170 East longitude. These include, in the west the areas of Iceland and western Europe and portions of the central mid-Atlantic near the equator and in the east areas of the New Zealand/Tonga/Fiji/Kermadec and Solomon, Santa Cruz, and Vanuatu Islands, Kamchatka and Northern Japan and the Kurils among others. These include areas where strong tidal effects and help promote strong to major earthquakes and such an event may be expected in the next week." (October 19-21, 2025)
This epicenter is located at 144 degrees from the Drake Passage and at the sixth node
(60 degrees) from major recent earthquakes in the Philippines and may have been
promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 20OCT2025 18:45:27 51.3N 177.1W MB=5.0 EMSC ANDREANOF ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN IS
An unusual earthquake of M 4.7 also occurred today in the Falkland Islands east of
southern South America. It was not reported felt in this remote area. The
last earthquake of M>=4.7 in the Falkland Islands within about 200 km of today's epicenter
occurred as a M 5.1 about 200 km to the south on July 30, 2023 but no earthquakes
have hit the Falkland Islands within the 200 km radius of today's epicenter
in at least 35 years. When the M 5.1 hit north of this on July 30, 2023
this summary noted:
"The M 5.1 in the Falkland Islands area was the strongest event in the Falkland
Islands within about 300 km of this epicenter since an M 5.6 about 300 km southeast of
today's epicenter on January 5, 2000. The only other similar event in the area in the
past 35 years was an M 5.2 on February 15, 1993.
" ... a series of moderate earthquakes occurred
in the South Shetland and Falkland Islands near South America. The activity
in the South Shetland area follows similar activity which began in late September
and has continued off-and-on since that time. The last earthquake of M>=4.4
in the Falkland Island area was an M 5.0 on September 7. Other earthquakes
in the past year in the Falklands occurred on July 30 and July 8 (M 4.6-4.7)." (October 22, 2020)
Today's event is likely to have been promoted by stress redistribution following
the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage about 1000 km to the south of October 10, 2025.
O: 20OCT2025 09:14:55 52.1S 61.5W MB=4.7 EMSC FALKLAND ISLANDS REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.1 in Central Honshu, Japan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Honshu, Japan with II in Numata, Gunma.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.1 in Central Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central Alaska with III in Eielson AFB, North Pole and Fairbanks.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Southern Iran was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Southern Iran at Yasuj, Gerash.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.1 in southern Siberia, Russia was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of in southern Siberia, Russia in Sayanogorsk.
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL STORM MELISSA
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS MELISSA 2025-10-21 00:00 UT 14.2N 74.0W 50 kts Caribbean Sea
Tropical Storm Melissa continued today in the region of the central Caribbean with winds up to 50 kts. It is expected to track to the north becoming a Hurricane as it arrives in the area south of Jamaica the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. It could help promoted moderate seismicity in the area at that time including the Windward and Leeward Islands of the eastern Caribbean. It could also help promoted enhanced seismicity in portions of Central America like Costa Rica and Nicaragua at this time due to its slow movement. The antipode is at 14S 105E - south of Sumatra and is not a highly seismic zone but minor enhancement is possible in the area south of Sumatra at this time.
TROPICAL STORM FENGSHEN
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS FENGSHEN 2025-10-21 00:00 UT 16.5N 110.0E 50 kts China Sea west of central Philippines Philippines
Tropical Storm Fengshen continued today in the region west of then Central Philippines with winds up to 50 kts. It is expected to track to the south and west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the area of the Philippines. The antipode is at 17S 70W is in the northern Chile and southern Peru area where seismic enhancement is possible in the next several days.
TROPICAL CYCLONE CHENGE
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC CHENGE 2025-10-21 00:00 UT 10.2S 62.2E 75 kts South Indian Ocean.
Tropical Cyclone Chenge (04S) continued today in the region of the South Indian Ocean with winds up to 75 kts. It is expected to track to the west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the Indian Ocean rift systems. The antipode is at 10N 118W is near the Northeast Pacific Rise west of Mexico and southern Baja California and could see enhanced seismicity at this time.
The new moon will arrive on October 21, 2025 at 12:25 UT. Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time area near 10 West and those which are anti-solar (local solar noon) are near 170 East longitude. These include, in the west the areas of Iceland and western Europe and portions of the central mid-Atlantic near the equator and in the east areas of the New Zealand/Tonga/Fiji/Kermadec and Solomon, Santa Cruz, and Vanuatu Islands, Kamchatka and Northern Japan and the Kurils among others. These include areas where strong tidal effects and help promote strong to major earthquakes and such an event may be expected in the next week.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 20, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
590 0224 0234 0247 C5.9 (October 20, 2025) 7.3E-03
San Francisco M 2.1 02:24 UT
Philippines M 4.9 02:43 UT
630 0510 0527 0538 M1.0 (October 20, 2025) 1.3E-02
Pakistan M 4.7 05:42 UT
680 0739 0748 0820 C3.5 (October 20, 2025) 7.6E-03
710 0947 0955 0959 C2.6 (October 20, 2025) 1.6E-03
Xinjiang M 4.5 09:46 UT
790 1514 1545 1623 C3.0 (October 20, 2025) 1.1E-02
Mindanao M 4.2 15:47 UT
Papua M 4.7 16:15 UT
940 2316 2324 2333 C2.1 (October 20, 2025) 2.0E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: disturbed October 21 quiet October 22-23. Solar M-flare chance: 25% X-class: 1% proton storm: 5%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 8 7 6 05:00 3 109 140
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 17, 2025 at 08:40:44 UT (#251017A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.8 was assigned to this GRB.
October 20, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A moderate earthquake of M 4.2 was widely felt in northern island of Hawaii today. NEIC reported intensity III in Hawaii at Laupahoehoe, Kealakekua, Honokaa, Papaaloa, Paauilo, Waikoloa, Naalehu, Kamuela, Kailua Kona and Ookala, among others.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Kailua-Kona, Puako, Waimea, Pepeekeo.
This accompanied a major eruption of Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii but was not
associated with that eruption. It is the strongest earthquake in northern
island of tectonic origin since an M 4.5 on March 20, 2022. At the time this
summary noted in this regard:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 4.5-5.2 north of Hawaii.
It was also the strongest earthquake in the world today. It was widely felt throughout much of Hawaii. NEIC reported maximum intensity V at Honokaa, Paauilo with IV in Kapaau, Hawi, Kamuela, Ookala, Laupahoehoe, Papaaloa, Hakalau and IIII in Waikoloa and as far as 400 km from the epicenter in Princeville and Kapaa, Hawaii.
The earthquake in Hawaii follows a strong series of volcanic eruptions which accompanied
the solar flares of July 2-3, which included an X1.5 on July 3, the largest
observed in nearly four years." (July 5, 2021)
This epicenter is located at 109 degrees from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage
of October 10 and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 19OCT2025 18:26:08 19.8N 156.1W ML=4.2 EMSC HAWAII REGION, HAWAII
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.0 in Ontario, Canada was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Ontario, Canada in Sudbury and Lively with III.
A moderate earthquake of M 4.2 was widely felt today in the area of Albania.
EMSC reported moderate to strong motion was induced in Albania at Tepelene, Kelcyre, Berat, Gjirokaster, Kucove, Kozare, Vlore, Elbasan, Tirana, Paskuqan, Durres, Maminas, Rrashbull and in Greece in Zakynthos, Evosmos, in Sjenica, Servia,and in Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina.
O: 19OCT2025 22:59:30 40.4N 20.1E ML=4.2 EMSC ALBANIA
A moderate earthquake was also felt in northern Algeria today. This event of M 4.5 was
reported by EMSC to have been felt with moderate intensity in Algeria at Tazoult-Lambese Batna, Ain Touta.
O: 19OCT2025 14:53:35 35.3N 6.4E MB=4.5 EMSC NORTHERN ALGERIA
O: 19OCT2025 15:08:58 35.1N 6.4E mb=3.6 EMSC NORTHERN ALGERIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 in Mindanao, Philippines was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Mindanao, Philippines in Mati and Buayan, Southern Mindanao.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.8 in Sumba, Indonesia was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Sumba, Indonesia at Rato.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 2.1 in San Francisco California was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of San Francisco California in Vallejo.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in St. Lucia, Windward Islands was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of St. Lucia, Windward Islands in Martinique at Saint-Esprit, and Le Gros-Morne.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in Central Turkey was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Central Turkey at Kadirli, Seyhan, Gulsehir, Aksaray, Idlib, Gaziantep,
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL STORM FENGSHEN
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS FENGSHEN 2025-10-20 00:00 UT 17.9N 112.9E 55 kts China Sea west of central Philippines Philippines
Tropical Storm Fengshen continued today in the region west of then Central Philippines with winds up to 55 kts. It is expected to track to the south and west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the area of the Philippines. The antipode is at 18S 68W is in the northern Chile and southern Peru where seismic enhancement is likely in the next several days.
TROPICAL CYCLONE CHENGE
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC CHENGE 2025-10-20 00:00 UT 9.1S 67.0E 75 kts South Indian Ocean.
Tropical Cyclone Chenge (04S) continued today in the region of the South Indian Ocean with winds up to 75 kts. It is expected to track to the west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the Indian Ocean rift systems. The antipode is at 9N 113W is near the Northeast Pacific Rise west of Mexico and could see enhanced seismicity at this time.
The new moon will arrive on October 21, 2025 at 12:25 UT. Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time area near 10 West and those which are anti-solar (local solar noon) are near 170 East longitude. These include, in the west the areas of Iceland and western Europe and portions of the central mid-Atlantic near the equator and in the east areas of the New Zealand/Tonga/Fiji/Kermadec and Solomon, Santa Cruz, and Vanuatu Islands, Kamchatka and Northern Japan and the Kurils among others. These include areas where strong tidal effects and help promote strong to major earthquakes and such an event may be expected in the next week.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 19, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
300 0146 0156 0204 M1.0 (October 19, 2025) 8.5E-03
Mindanao M 3.9 01:54 UT
310 0428 0434 0439 C2.8 (October 19, 2025) 2.0E-03
Oaxaca M 4.2 04:34 UT
Northern Peru M 3.9 04:35 UT
320 0749 0802 0815 C4.7 (October 19, 2025) 6.1E-03
Mindanao M 4.3 07:57 UT
Papua M 4.0 08:09 UT
330 1226 1242 1304 C2.6 (October 19, 2025) 5.6E-03
340 1334 1342 1346 C2.9 (October 19, 2025) 2.0E-03
Luzon M 3.8 113:34 UT
Chiapas M 4.1 13:44 UT
Mindanao M 4.0 13:47 UT
350 1608 1613 1619 C2.4 (October 19, 2025) 1.7E-03
Kamchatka M 4.8 16:07 UT
360 1815 1822 1827 C3.7 (October 19, 2025) 2.7E-03
Hawaii M 4.2 18:26 UT
Kamchatka M 4.8 18:27 UT
370 2003 2015 2026 M1.8 (October 19, 2025) 1.5E-02
550 2244 2252 2306 C3.0 (October 19, 2025) 3.9E-03
Tanimbar M 4.9 22:44 UT
Hindu Kush M 4.2 22:50 UT
Albania M 4.2 22:59 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: disturbed October 20-22. Solar M-flare chance: 40% X-class: 10% proton storm: 1%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 18:25 11 15:00 5 103 149
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 17, 2025 at 08:40:44 UT (#251017A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.8 was assigned to this GRB.
October 19, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.4 aftershock in the northern Mindanao region of the Philippines. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity V in Caraga at Aras-Asan; IV in Andili, Southern Mindanao and III in Butuan, Nabunturan, Davao, Cabadbaran, Barra, and Purok among others.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.2 in Mindanao, Philippines was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Mindanao, Philippines in Tagum, Southern Mindanao.
EMSC reported moderate shaking in Mindanao at San Francisco, Madrid, Patin-ay, Maygatasan, Tungao, Basag, General Luna, Cateel, Surigao, Mariano, Magugpo Poblacion, Cagayan de Oro, Barra, Babak, Davao City, Mati among othrs.
O: 18OCT2025 12:31:32 8.9N 126.5E MW=5.4 EMSC MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.7 in Southern California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern California in Borrego Springs.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Southern Idaho was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Southern Idaho in Garden Valley.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Central California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Central California in San jose, (III) and II in Mount Hamilton, Alameda and Campbell.
This earthquake occurred near local solar noon and may have been promoted by tidal
energy which maximizes near this hour. It was followed by an M 2.3 aftershock
6.5 minutes later.
O: 18OCT2025 09:16:41 37.3N 121.7W MD=2.7 EMSC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
O: 18OCT2025 09:23:17 37.3N 121.7W MD=2.3 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.2 in Southern Peru was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Tacna, Peru.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 3.4 in Northern Algeria was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Northern Algeria in Ain Bessem, KLakhdaria, Beni Amrane, Boumerdas, Ain Taya, Bouinan.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Bali Sea, Indonesia was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Bali Sea, Indonesia in Gianyar, Legian.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in Poland was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Poland at Polkowice, Lubin, Glogow, Osiedle Henrykowskie.
O: 18OCT2025 14:59:57 51.4N 16.1E ML=4.3 EMSC POLAND
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL STORM FENGSHEN
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS FENGSHEN 2025-10-19 00:00 UT 15.9N 117.6E 50 kts West of Luzon, Philippines
Tropical Storm Fengshen continued today in the region west of Central Philippines with winds up to 50 kts. It is expected to track to the north and west and could continue to see seismic enhancement in the Philippines in the next several days. The antipode is at 16S 65W is in northern Brazil and is unlikely to see seismic enhancement at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE CHENGE (04S)
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC CHENGE 2025-10-19 00:00 UT 8.5S 69.7E 75 kts South Indian Ocean.
Tropical Cyclone Chenge (04S) continued today in the region of the South Indian Ocean with winds up to 75 kts. It is expected to track to the west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the Indian Ocean rift systems. The antipode is at 9N 111W is near the Northeast Pacific Rise west of Mexico and could see enhanced seismicity at this time.
The new moon will arrive on October 21, 2025 at 12:25 UT. Longitudes which are sub-solar at this time area near 10 West and those which are anti-solar (local solar noon) are near 170 East longitude. These include, in the west the areas of Iceland and western Europe and portions of the central mid-Atlantic near the equator and in the east areas of the New Zealand/Tonga/Fiji/Kermadec and Solomon, Santa Cruz, and Vanuatu Islands, Kamchatka and Northern Japan and the Kurils among others. These include areas where strong tidal effects and help promote strong to major earthquakes and such an event may be expected in the next week.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 18, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
100 0023 0040 0049 M1.0 (October 18, 2025) 1.3E-02
Michoacan M 4.0 00:24 UT
130 0205 0209 0214 C2.9 (October 18, 2025) 1.7E-03
Taiwan M 4.8 02:04 UT
140 0218 0224 0226 C9.5 (October 18, 2025) 6.2E-03
150 0226 0239 0247 M1.1 (October 18, 2025) 1.4E-02
190 0543 0605 0619 C9.9 (October 18, 2025) 1.9E-02
Sea of Japan M 4.1 05:45 UT
200 0632 0639 0644 M1.2 (October 18, 2025) 7.7E-03
210 0649 0658 0704 M1.3 (October 18, 2025) 1.1E-02
240 0735 0748 0755 C6.0 (October 18, 2025) 5.8E-03
260 1037 1051 1059 M1.5 (October 18, 2025) 1.4E-02
Luzon M 4.7 10:51 UT
Pakistan M 4.5 10:51 UT
Guerrero M 4.0 10:54 UT
270 1732 1737 1751 C3.0 (October 18, 2025) 3.4E-03
Kamchatka M 5.1 17:57 UT
280 2118 2126 2133 C3.1 (October 18, 2025) 2.7E-03
Coquimbo M 3.9 21:16 UT
290 2140 2154 2201 C8.0 (October 18, 2025) 6.7E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: Disturbed October 19-21. Solar M-flare chance: 50% X-class: 10% proton storm: 5%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 36 46 20 20:00 6 105 156
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 18, 2025 at 03:12:02 UT (#251018A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 17, 2025 at 08:40:44 UT (#251017A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>18.8 was assigned to this GRB.
October 18, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
An earthquake of M 2.9-3.0 occurred in Southern Texas today. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Poth, Texas.
While an M 3.0 hit this area on October 16, the last earthquake of larger magnitude
was an M 3.3on September 20, 2025. When an M 4.5 occurred near this epicenter on January 30, 2025, this
summary noted:
"The unusual earthquake in southern Texas was the strongest in that region
in recorded history. The only event of M>=4 in the area since 1990 was an
M 4.3 on April 9, 1993. There is no record of any earthquake in this area
off south-central Texas of M>4 since events were first recorded in the area
nearly 200 years ago. It may be due to oil extraction in the area but
this is simply speculation. This is one of the strongest earthquakes ever
recorded in Texas. It may be related to the landfall of Hurricane Irwin
which occurred several days ago to the south of this. We had suggested this
storm an Hurricane Jova could have a significant effect on regional seismicity
in our summaries of mid-October. These had noted:
"The peculiar motion of this storm, however indicates that if it should reach
the coast of Mexico it could trigger a strong to major earthquake along
the coast of western Mexico. This is a storm to keep an eye on especially
since Tropical Storm Jova is aiming for the same area. The combined effect
of two such storms so close together could be significant." (Mid-October, 2011 summaries)
O: 17OCT2025 07:25:41 29.0N 98.2W ML=2.0 EMSC SOUTHERN TEXAS
O: 18OCT2025 03:04:34 29.0N 98.2W ML=2.0 EMSC SOUTHERN TEXAS
O: 17OCT2025 09:39:14 29.0N 98.2W ML=2.2 EMSC SOUTHERN TEXAS
O: 18OCT2025 02:33:37 29.0N 98.2W ML=2.9 EMSC SOUTHERN TEXAS
O: 18OCT2025 02:33:37 29.0N 98.2W ML=3.0 NEIC SOUTHERN TEXAS
An unusual earthquake of M 3.0 occurred in central Colorado today. NEIC reported
it was felt with intensity I-II in Colorado Springs and Denver in the area of
Castle Rock, Colorado. This event occurred within minutes of local solar
noon and was probably promoted by tidal and/or geomagnetic stresses which
tend to maximize near this hour. The last earthquake of M>=3.0 within about
100 km of this epicenter was an M 3.1 on July 22, 2001. The only other such event in
this area in the past 35 years was an M 3.3 on January 18, 1997.
This epicenter is at 104 degrees from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10
and was likely promoted by energy from that source.
O: 17OCT2025 18:51:19 39.1N 104.6W ML=3.0 EMSC COLORADO
The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 5.1 in the Fox Islands, Aleutians, Alaska.
NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in Alaska at Unalaska and Akutan. This
is the strongest earthquake in the Fox Islands within about 150 km of this epicenter
since an M 5.3 on July 27, 2025. At the time this summary noted in this regard:
"The strongest earthquake in the U.S. or Canada today was an M 5.3 in the Fox Islands, Aleutians, Alaska. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Akutan and Unalaska, Alaska.
This earthquake occurred within minutes of local solar noon and was probably
promoted by strong tidal stresses which maximize near this hour.
This epicenter is at 103 degrees from recent strong earthquakes south of
New Zealand and may have been promoted by energy from those sources." (July 27, 2025)
This epicenter is at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines
and at 141 degrees from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10 and
was probably promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 17OCT2025 15:48:48 53.6N 165.7W MW=5.1 EMSC FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.5 in Pakistan. NEIC reported it was felt with
intensity II in Islamabad, Pakistan. EMSC reported strong shaking in Pakistan at Bat Khela, Abbottabad, Islamabad, Rawalpindi, and Lahore. The last earthquake in this area of
Pakistan within about 150 km of this epicenter with M>=5.5 occurred as an M 57 about 150 km
southwest of this epicenter at a depth of 98 km on April 19, 2025 but the last
earthquake at a shallow focal depth in this region of M>=5.5 was an M 5.5 on March 12, 2012. The
only event of significantly larger magnitude at a shallow focus in this
region was an M 6.2 on March 5, 1990. At the time of the March 12, 2012 event this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake of the day was an M 5.6 in northwestern Kashmir.
NEIC reported this earthquake was felt with intensity V in Chitral, North-west
Frontier, Pakistan and III in Isfara, Tajikistan and III in Kabul, Afghanistan.
IBN reported the quake caused people to rush from their homes in some areas.
It was felt with moderate intensity in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa capital Peshawar,
Malakand, Swat, Abbotabad and Gilgit and was followed by an M 3.9
aftershock. While there was not immediate report of damage or casualties
from this earthquake construction in the area often results in damages
from earthquakes of this size and this may be reported at a later time. This is the strongest earthquake located in Kashmir in at least four years.
The last earthquake of similar size in the region was an M 5.6 on August 5, 2006
while the last event of larger magnitude occurred with M 6.0-6.3 on November
20, 2002. The Kashmir earthquake is located at 103 degrees from the last
major earthquake in the world - the M 7.3 in Vanuatu. Seismic energy is
concentrated on the surface at this distance from large events and may
trigger subsequent activity such as this at this distance range. Some have
referred to this as the "P103 theory"." (March 12, 2012)
This epicenter is located at 143 degrees from the Drake Passage (Node 5); 52 degrees (node 7) from Leyte, Philippines and the sixth node from Kamchatka (60 degrees) and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 17OCT2025 12:15:03 36.7N 72.7E MW=5.5 EMSC PAKISTAN
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 in Taiwan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Taiwan in Taipei with III; Hsinchu (II) and Taichung.
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL STORM FENGSHEN
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TS FENGSHEN 2025-10-18 00:00 UT 13.9N 122.6E 45 kts Luzon, Philippines
Tropical Storm Fengshen continued today in the region of Central Philippines with winds up to 45 kts. It is expected to track to the north and west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in this very active area of the Philippines. The antipode is at 14S 57W is in the northern Brazil and could see some seismic enhancement at this time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE 04S
---- ------- ---------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ---------------
TC 04S 2025-10-18 00:00 UT 8.2S 71,7E 45 kts South Indian Ocean.
Tropical Cyclone 04S formed today in the region of the South Indian Ocean with winds up to 45 kts. It is expected to track to the west and could see Regional seismicity enhanced in the Indian Ocean rift systems. The antipode is at 8N 109W is near the Northeast Pacific Rise west of Mexico and could see enhanced seismicity at this time.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 17, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
9850 0115 0128 0140 M1.5 (October 17, 2025) 1.4E-02
Honduras M 4.6 01:15 UT
Coquimbo M 4.5 01:15 UT
Kamchatka 01:25 UT
9880 0548 0554 0557 C8.0 (October 17, 2025) 3.2E-03
Ethiopia M 4.3 05:43 UT
Tarapaca M 4.2 05:55 UT
9900 1014 1020 1030 C6.7 (October 17, 2025) 6.8E-03
9910 1030 1037 1042 C6.5 (October 17, 2025) 6.0E-03
Jalisco M 3.8 10:33 UT
9920 1042 1046 1049 C7.2 (October 17, 2025) 3.5E-03
Luzon M 4.2 10:45 UT
Nicarabua M 4.4 10:48 UT
9940 1202 1206 1217 C6.1 (October 17, 2025) 5.0E-03
Easter Island M 4.5 12:14 UT
Pakistan M 5.5 12:15 UT
9950 1227 1245 1301 M1.1 (October 17, 2025) 1.8E-02
9960 1422 1432 1436 M1.0 (October 17, 2025) 6.1E-03
New Britain M 4.8 14:22 UT
9970 1614 1632 1647 M1.3 (October 17, 2025) 2.3E-02
9990 1647 1658 1708 M1.2 (October 17, 2025) 1.6E-02
20 1855 1905 1912 M1.1 (October 17, 2025) 1.1E-02
90 2321 2330 2336 C9.0 (October 17, 2025) 6.3E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: active October 18-20. Solar M-flare chance: 60% X-class: 15% proton storm: 10%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 9 17 8 10:00 5 120 164
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 17, 2025 at 08:40:44 UT (#251017A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 14, 2025 at 21:54:41 UT (#251014D). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.2 was assigned to this GRB.
An earthquake of M 4.6 in New Guinea was closely associated with this GRB and occurred at 21:58 UT
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 14, 2025 at 00:28:30 UT (#251014A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
An earthquake of M 4.0 in Mindanao was closely associated with this GRB and occurred at 00:30 UT
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 11, 2025 at 07:08:22 UT (#251011B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
October 17, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
A moderate geomagnetic storm with high latitude K-index of 5-6 is expected
early on October 17. This storm is not likely to significantly affect
global seismicity which is likely to remain at relatively quiet levels
for another day.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.4 in Kamchatka was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Kamchatka.
This epicenter occurred within minutes of local solar noon and was probably
promoted by strong tidal and/or geomagnetic effects which maximize near this hour.
O: 17OCT2025 01:25:56 53.2N 159.9E mb=5.4 EMSC NEAR EAST COAST OF KAMCHATKA
Aftershocks also continued today in the region of northern Mindanao, Philippines.
These occurred with maximum M 6.1 on the Philippines Trench. NEIC reported it was felt with intensity V in Caraga at Luna, IV in Purok, Tago, Calero, Central Sisayas and Nabunturan, Mindanao with III in Brasilisa, Davao, Libertad, Los Angeles, Butuan and II in Mandawa, Barra, Tangnan and Ula.
EMSC reported moderate to strong shaking in General Luna, Libas, Calver, Placer, Dinagat, Mati, Jabonga, Cabadbaran, Low Angeles, Libertad, Hinunangan, Butuan City, Southern Leyte, Bah-Bah, La Paz, Gabas, Cagayan de Oro, Igpit among others.
PHIVOLCS reported intensity V i General Luna, Claver, Pilar, Placer, San Benito, San Isidro and Socorro, Surigao del Norte; Basilisa, Cagdianao, Dinagat and San Jose, Denagat Islands; IV in the City of Butuan, Surigao del Norte, Dinagat Islands, southern Leyte, Surigao del Sur and Agusan del Sur with shaking or II-III throughout the general region.
The earthquake of M 6.1 in Mindanao is the strongest within about 200 km
of this epicenter since an M 6.5 on February 10, 2017 and fills a gap in the stress release
along the Philippines Trench. At the time this summary noted:
"A strong earthquake of M 6.5 hit the region of northern Mindanao, Philippines today.
NEIC reported it was felt with maximum intensity VII in Buenavista, Caraga, Philippines and V in Manila de Bugabus, Butuan, Union; IV in the Visayas at Leyte, San Francisco, Purok, Tabontabon, Pawing, Tangke. Intensity II-III was reported as far as 300 km from the epicenter at Davao, Southern Mindanao, Panabo, Tagum, Dumaguete, Sumpong, Hinatuan, Lumbia, Baikingon, Cagayan, Barra, Calero, Cebu, Mandawa, Bugo, Lapu-Lapu, Tagoloan, Balilihan, San Antonio, Ormoc, Balingasag, Baras, Bayugan, Talisayan, San Miguel, Abuyog, Madrid, Carrascal, Sogod, Macrohon and Tubajon, Philippines.
PHIVOLCS reported it was felt with intensity VII in Surigao City; VI in Malimono and San Francisco, Surigao Del Nothe; Pintuyan Southern Leyte; V in Mainit and Placer, Surigao Del Norte; Libjo and San Joses, Dinagat Island; Mandaue City; San Ricardo, Limasawa and San Francisco, Southern Leyte; IV in Hinunangan and San Juan, Southern Leyte; Abuyog, Leyte, Mayorga, Leyte; Butuan Cith; Cabadaran, Agusan del North; III in Mambajao,k Caminguin, Oormac City; Palo, Pastana, Tolosa and Tacloban, Leyte; Catbalogan City, W. Samar; Bislig City, Gingoon City, Misamis Oriental; Adpa, Surigao Del Norte, Iligan City; Cagayan De Oro City and II in Cebu City; Talocogon, Agusan del Sur; Dumaguete City; Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Capoocan, Leyte; El Salvador, Misamis Oriental; Oroquieta City and Blaridel Misamis Occidental, Philippines.
The last earthquake of M>=6.5 within about 250 km of this epicenter was widely
felt on October 15, 2013 with M 7.1 in the Bohol area and did extensive
damage and loss of life in the area. An earthquake of M 7.6 hit about 150
km northeast of today's epicenter on August 31 2012.
and
A series of moderate to strong earthquakes along the geomagnetic equator today
were probably promoted by a combination of effects from the now-concluded
geomagnetic storm and tidal stresses associated with the full moon which
was completed early on February 11. The strongest of these was an M 6.5 in
northern Mindanao within about an hour of local solar midnight, a time when
solar/tidal effects are maximized. An M 5.6 in Taiwan followed and was widely felt
in that region. These events are both within about 0-15 degrees of the geomagnetic
equator." (February 10, 2017)
Today's earthquake is not a classical aftershock of other recent major events
from central Mindanao north to Leyte which have occurred on the Philippine Trench.
These appear to be breaking segments of the trench at a time with several
days between each strong earthquake, an unusual situation. A major earthquake
striking the same distance along the entire Philippines Trench would have
had a magnitude of 8-9. This possibility has been reduced by the series
of earthquakes, including today's along the length of the fault.
This earthquake of M 6.1 may have been promoted by a moderate solar flare
(9830 C5.5) as it occurred near the end of that flare. Data from SWPC
for this flare follow:
9830 2238 2254 2302 C5.5 (October 16, 2025) 6.4E-03
Mindanao M 6.1 23:03 UT
This epicenter is at the seventh node (51.4 degrees) from the major earthquakes
in Kamchatka and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 16OCT2025 23:03:15 9.7N 126.1E MW=6.1 EMSC MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES
O: 16OCT2025 23:57:40 9.7N 126.2E mb=4.8 EMSC MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES
O: 17OCT2025 04:01:58 10.4N 126.3E ML=4.2 EMSC PHILIPPINE ISLANDS REGION
An M 4.8 aftershock in the area of central Mindanao also continued activity
in that region today. This event was reported by NEIC to have been felt id Davao, Southern Mindanao with intensity III.
O: 16OCT2025 22:11:02 6.9N 127.2E MB=4.8 EMSC PHILIPPINE ISLANDS REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 4.7 in Afghanistan was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Afghanistan at Islamabad, Pakistan.
O: 16OCT2025 23:53:37 34.5N 70.8E MB=4.7 EMSC HINDU KUSH REGION, AFGHANISTAN
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.0 in the Andaman Islands, India was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of the Andaman Islands, India with III in Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
O: 16OCT2025 22:10:25 13.4N 92.5E MB=5.0 EMSC ANDAMAN ISLANDS, INDIA REGION
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.5 in Western Texas was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Western Texas with II in Carlsbad, New Mexico.
This is directly antipodal to an M 4.8 that occurred in the South Indian Ocean
Ridge yesterday.
O: 16OCT2025 22:02:35 32.4N 104.6W ML=3.5 EMSC NEW MEXICO
An earthquake of M 3.1 occurred in San Francisco, California today. This event near local solar
noon occurred during the observance of the great California shakeout day when
citizens are reminded to be aware of the possibility of potentially damaging
earthquakes throughout the State of California. This seems apropo at this
time as there are indications the state could experience a moderate to strong
earthquake in late October to early November, 2025. Today's earthquake was
reported by NEIC to have been felt widely by more than 2000 people responding
the to DYFI USGS alert page. Reports of intensity III shaking came to that
page from California at Daly City, San Francisco, Berkeley, Oakland, Emeryville, Orinda, Santa Rosa, Pacifica, Concord, with II in Moraga, Pinole, San Ramon, Lafayette, El Sobrante, Walnut Creek, Alameda, Los Altos, San Pablo, Alamo, Livermore, Hercules, Pleasant Hill, Martinez, San Leandro, El Cerrito, Colusa, Stockton, Richmond, Alameda, San Bruno, Redwood City, Albany, Larsput and San Leandro among others.
EMSC reported it at M 2.7 and noted moderate shaking in Berkeley, Emeryville, Albany, Piedmont, Oakland, Kensington, Alameda, El Sobrante among others.
Today's earthquake occurred on the Hayward Fault. Experts warn that a strong
earthquake on this fault could cause damage similar to that which occurred
with the Loma Prieta earthquake 36 years ago on October 17. That event caused more than $10
billion in damage while kiling 63 people and destroying much infrastructure.
That earthquake is often referred to as the "World-series earthquake" as it
occurred during the first game of the baseball world series in San Francisco
that year and was televised live from that sports event venue.
Today's M 3.1 may be an aftershock of an M 4.3 near this epicenter on September 22, 2025.
At the time this summary noted:
"For many readers, the most significant earthquake associated with this new moon and
solar eclipse was an M 4.3 in the area of San Francisco, California. NEIC reported
it was felt with intensity up to V in the San Francisco area with more than
22,000 people reporting felt effects to the USGS.
...
Today's earthquake of M 4.3 in San Francisco, California is the strongest
recorded within about 50 km of San Francisco since an M 4.5 two years ago on
October 15, 2019. At the time this summary noted:
"The activity in San Francisco began several hours before local solar midnight
and was probably promoted by strong tidal stresses associated with the full moon
...
The last event in the San Francisco Bay area within about 75 km of today's epicenter
which exceeded M 4.5 occurred on August 24, 2014 when an M 6.0 hit the Napa area.
The last within the San Francisco Bay area was an M 5.6 more than 11 years ago on October 31, 2007." (October 15, 2019, September 22, 2025)
This epicenter is at 101-102 degrees from the recent major earthquake in
Central Philippines and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 16OCT2025 16:23:45 37.9N 122.3W ML=3.1 NEIC SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIF.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.1 in Northern California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Northern California near Hayfork with II in Fort Bragg and Redding.
O: 16OCT2025 17:58:10 40.7N 123.2W ML=2.8 EMSC NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.2 in Southern Alaska was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Kodiak, Alaska.
O: 16OCT2025 07:34:15 57.7N 152.5W ML=3.2 EMSC KODIAK ISLAND REGION, ALASKA
An aftershock of M 3.6 occurred today in the Lake Baykal region of Russia. This
follows an M 4.3 in the same region and epicenter yesterday. While these
events are located near the antipode of the recent Drake Passage event of M 7.8
of October 10, 2025, they are nearly exactly antipodal to the M 7.4 south of
Argentina which occurred on May 2, 2025 and were likely promoted by
energy from both these sources. Data for these event follow. Readers
can determine the antipodality of these events.
O: 15OCT2025 00:48:31 55.1N 111.2E MB=4.3 EMSC LAKE BAYKAL REGION, RUSSIA
O: 16OCT2025 10:38:09 55.0N 111.6E MB=3.6 EMSC LAKE BAYKAL REGION, RUSSIA
O: 02MAY2025 12:58:27 56.8N 68.1W MW=7.4 EMSC DRAKE PASSAGE
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.5 in Coquimbo, Chile was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Coquimbo, Chile at Ovalle.
BMG reported aftershocks of M 5.0 and M 5.5 in Papua New Guinea were felt with intensity up to III in the area(s) of Kab. Sarmi at Pantai, Sarmi, Tor Atas, Bonggo with lesser shaking in Kb. Jayapura, Puncak Jaya, Keerom, Tolikara, Mamberamo.
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 16, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
9500 0017 0021 0024 M1.1 (October 16, 2025) 5.3E-03
Drake Passage M 6.3 01:42 UT
9580 0441 0446 0502 C5.2 (October 16, 2025) 6.0E-03
Java M 4.3 04:43 UT
Southern California M 2.0 04:44 UT
Drake Passage M 4.9 04:49 UT
West Chile Rise M 4.8 04:56 UT
Central Peru M 3.7 04:56 UT
9780 0636 0643 0647 C5.5 (October 16, 2025) 3.6E-03
9610 0724 0731 0736 C4.6 (October 16, 2025) 2.7E-03
Kuril Is. M 4.5 07:26 UT
9620 0756 0801 0813 C5.1 (October 16, 2025) 4.5E-03
South SAndwich Is. M 4.7 07:55 UT
9630 0844 0849 0851 C3.3 (October 16, 2025) 1.5E-03
Bolivia M 4.0 08:46 UT
9650 0941 0949 0953 C3.5 (October 16, 2025) 2.8E-03
9790 0953 1005 1014 C5.3 (October 16, 2025) 6.3E-03
Kermadec Is. M 4.9 10:00 UT
9800 1141 1203 1225 C8.4 (October 16, 2025) 1.6E-02
Southern California M 2.4 11:45 UT
9690 1303 1308 1312 C6.0 (October 16, 2025) 3.1E-03
9700 1353 1408 1422 M1.3 (October 16, 2025) 1.7E-02
9720 1559 1606 1608 C4.7 (October 16, 2025) 2.2E-03
New Guinea M 5.0 16:01 UT
9740 1900 1916 1936 M1.1 (October 16, 2025) 1.8E-02
Banda Sea M 4.3 19:12 UT
9770 2026 2035 2040 C4.4 (October 16, 2025) 4.1E-03
Kamchatka M 4.6 20:30 UT
9810 2040 2043 2046 C5.8 (October 16, 2025) 2.4E-03
Kuril Is. M 4.1 20:44 UT
9830 2238 2254 2302 C5.5 (October 16, 2025) 6.4E-03
Mindanao M 6.1 23:03 UT
9840 2312 2319 2328 M1.0 (October 16, 2025) 8.3E-03
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: geomagnetic storms October 17-18 active October 19. Solar M-flare chance: 60% X-class: 10% proton storm: 10%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 4 2 3 10:00 2 132 161
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 17, 2025 at 08:40:44 UT (#251017A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 14, 2025 at 21:54:41 UT (#251014D). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude of V>19.2 was assigned to this GRB.
An earthquake of M 4.6 in New Guinea was closely associated with this GRB and occurred at 21:58 UT
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 14, 2025 at 00:28:30 UT (#251014A). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
An earthquake of M 4.0 in Mindanao was closely associated with this GRB and occurred at 00:30 UT
A strong Gamma Ray Burst was recorded by SWIFT on October 11, 2025 at 07:08:22 UT (#251011B). A preliminary UVOT Magnitude was not assigned to this GRB.
October 16, 2025
Notable earthquakes and events:
The strongest earthquake of the day was an M 6.5-6.6 in the region of northern New Guinea.
NEIC reported it was felt with intensity III in Aberpura but also noted it
may have been damaging in the broader epicentral area. BMG reported intensity
up to VII in the epicentral area. The mainshock was preceded by several
foreshocks including an M 4.4. Today's event follows an M 6.1 located west
of today's epicenter in New Guinea which occurred on September 18, 2025. The last earthquake
with M>=6.3 within about 200 km of today's epicenter was an M 6.3 on August 12, 2025.
At the time this summary noted:
"A strong earthquake hit the region of Papua New Guinea today near Abepura with M 6.3.
NEIC reported it was felt with intensity IV in Aberpura, Papua, Indonesia.
BMG reported intensity up to VI-VII in the epicentral area.
This area is at 103 degrees from southern California and major earthquakes
near this epicenter have often been followed within about a month by significant
seismicity in the Los Angeles or southern California area." (December 30, 2023, August 12, 2025)
The last earthquake of M>=6.6 in this region of New Guinea wa when an M 7.0 occurred
on July 27, 2015. At the time this summary noted:
"The Los Angeles area of Southern California is located at 103 degrees from
this epicenter in New Guinea. Several light earthquake occurred in that area
today. Seismic energy is concentrated at this distance following major earthquakes
due to refraction and reflection off the core-mantle boundary to this
distance zone. Seismicity is often seen to increase at this distance following
major earthquakes. For example, the two great earthquake in this area of
Papua New Guinea in the past 50 years occurred on January 10, 1971 (M 8.1)
and on September 12, 1979 (M 8.0). These were followed by earthquakes in
San Fernando, Southern California on February 9, 1971 (M 6.7) and October 15, 1979
in Baja California (M 7.0) respectively. Both occurred about a month after
the major Papua earthquake and were both highly damaging. While seismicity
in southern California is likely to increase in the coming days the most
likely time for a significant regional earthquake appears to be around May 4-8,
2013 on the basis of this historical context." (April 6, 2013)
In the previous issue of this summary this had been further contemplated as:
"Recent enhanced seismicity near 103 degrees from major events in the Drake Passage
and the Philippines has included a significant swarm in Los Angeles, California;
an M 2.6 in upstate New York; a strong swarm in Ethiopia and moderate events
in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands among others. This suggest that triggering
from these sources is alive and energetic at this time. Enhanced seismicity
at this and other nodal distance from these event, and as aftershocks
in the major event zones is deemed by this summary to be likely to continue
for at least another week despite the current global seismic quiet." (October 15, 2025
This epicenter is at the sixth node (60 degrees) from Kamchatka and the South
Geomagnetic Equator and may have been promoted by energy from those sources.
O: 16OCT2025 05:48:55 2.2S 138.9W ML=6.5 NEIC PAPUA NEW GUINEA
O: 16OCT2025 05:48:53 1.9S 139.0W ML=6.6 BMG PAPUA NEW GUINEA
O: 16OCT2025 01:48:02 2.1S 139.6W ML=4.4 NEIC PAPUA NEW GUINEA
An M 6.3 also occurred as a regional aftershock in the area of the Drake Passage.
NEIC reported it may have been felt lightly in the epicentral area.
This event may have been promoted by a moderately strong M4.6 class solar
flare while this epicenter in the Drake Passage was at local solar midnight -
a prime time for SFE from strong flares to promote seismicity.
The last solar flare of higher energy class than today's M4.6 occurred as an M 6.4
on September, 28, 2025. Today's flare occurred with maximum flux within
minutes of local solar midnight of the M 6.3 in the Drake Passage and probably helped set up the
later event of M 6.3 today. It may also have set up the event in New Guinea
today as that epicenter was within minutes of local solar noon at the time of
maximum of this flare.
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
9150 0349 0415 0436 M4.8 (October 15, 2025) 8.9E-02
O: 16OCT2025 01:42:32 59.9S 61.6W ML=6.3 NEIC DRAKE PASSAGE
A moderately strong earthquake of M 5.6 occurred today in Coquimbo Chile. NEIC reported it was felt with slight damage and intensity VI in Coquimbo at Ovalle; IV in Coquimbo, III in Vicuna, La Serena and in Santiago and Valparaiso and Mendoza, Argentina. Also reported felt as far as Copiapo, Atacama about 400 km to the north of the epicenter.
EMSC reported major shaking in Coquimbo, La Serena, Vicuna, Quillota, Llaillay, Vina del Mar, Limache, Valparaiso, Chicureo Abajo, Lo Prado, Providencia, Santiago among others.
The last earthquake in Coquimbo, Chile within about 200 km of this epicenter
with M>=5.6 occurred on September 6, 2023 with M 6.2. At the time this summary
noted:
"An earthquake of M 5.8 hit this region of Coquimbo on May 2, 2021 but the last
event of M>=6.2 in Coquimbo within about 200 km of today's epicenter was
an M 6.3 exactly three years ago on September 6, 2020 but the last event in the
area of significantly larger magnitude was an M 6.7 on January 20, 2019. At that time this summary
noted in regard to the history of the area:
"The last earthquake in the Coquimbo area of central Chile within about 200 km
of today's M 6.7 with M>=6.7 occurred on November 11, 2015 with M 6.9. This was
a regional aftershock about 200 km north of a great M 8.3 in the Coquimbo area which
occurred September 16, 2015." (January 20, 2019, September 6, 2023)
This epicenter is at the 12th node (30.0 degrees) from the Drake Passage
and may have been promoted by energy from that source.
O: 15OCT2025 11:43:39 30.7S 71.6W ML=5.6 NEIC COQUIMBO, CHILE
An aftershock of M 5.4 also followed an M 5.9 in Micronesia today.
When the mainshock occurred on October 13, 2025 this summary noted:
"The strongest earthquake in the world today was an M 5.9 in the State of Yap, Micronesia. NEIC reported it was probably felt with intensity up to III in the epicentral area.
This is the strongest earthquake in Micronesia within about 200 km of this epicenter
since an M5.9 on July 4, 1996, the largest and only such event in Micronesia
in at least 35 years. Like the recent major earthquakes in New Guinea and
the Philippines it occurred near the longitude of maximum stress with
the full moon of October 9 at a time when a strong geomagnetic storm was
maximizing and is at the fifth node (72 degrees) from the South Geomagnetic
Pole and was probably promoted by energies from those events asit
lies near the geomagnetic equator. This area south to New Guinea is likely
to experience more events of M>6 in the next several days. One region
which is especially vulnerable at this time is eastern New Guinea where
several large earthquakes have occurred in the past month. This epicenter
at 3S 139E is located on the geomagnetic equator and could be triggered
by one of the upcoming geomagnetic storms near local solar noon.
An earthquake of M 6.6 hit this area of New Guinea on September 18, 2025
after several years of regional inactivity." (October 13, 2025)
O: 15OCT2025 10:22:09 7.2N 141.5E ML=5.4 NEIC MICRONESIA
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 3.4 in Hawaii was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Hawaii with III in Naalehu, Pahala, Kailua kona and Captain Cook and II in Waikoloa and Kealakekua.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 2.8 in Northern California was felt with intensity up to II-III in the area(s) of Northern California in Yuba City, Red Bluff and Sacramento.
NEIC reported an earthquake of M 5.4 in the Kermadec Islands, New Zealand was not felt in the area(s) of the Kermadec Islands, New Zealand
O: 15OCT2025 13:07:01 34.0S 178.8W ML=5.4 NEIC SOUTH OF KERMADEC ISLANDS
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.0 in Crete, Greece was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Crete, Greece in Analipsi, Koutsouras, Sitia, Agios Nikolaos, Arvi, Irakleion, Chania, and in Ula, Turkey.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.3 in Atacama, Chile was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Atacama, Chile in Copiapo.
EMSC reported an earthquake of M 4.6 in Luzon, Philippines was felt with intensity up to IV in the area(s) of Luzon at Mabalacat City, Quiapo, Pasay, Pateros.
TODAY'S MAP
Stippled white lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.4 in Mindanao, Philippines of October 10, 2025.
Stippled lavender lines represent areas at nodal distances from the M 7.8 in the Drake Passage of October 10, 2025.
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
No tropical cyclones are currently active.
SOLAR FLARES
Following is the listing of C- M- or X-class flares from SWPC for the date
of October 15, 2025. These listings are published daily in this summary and at SWPC.
The main line gives details of flares. Subsequent lines identify some earthquakes
which are at or after the time of the flare and could have been affected by
immediate Solar Flare Effects (SFE). Some earthquakes occur at longitudes
which were at local solar noon or local solar midnight at the time of occurrence and may also have
been affected by SFE. These are not identified here.
SOLAR FLARES
Flare # START MAX END CLASS DATE Flux (Jm-2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
9090 0124 0144 0206 C7.7 (October 15, 2025) 1.5E-02
Alaska Peninsula M 3.5 01:24 UT
9120 0310 0314 0317 C5.6 (October 15, 2025) 2.7E-03
9140 0341 0345 0347 C9.1 (October 15, 2025) 3.3E-03
Mid-Indian Ridge M 4.8 03:45 UT
9150 0349 0415 0436 M4.8 (October 15, 2025) 8.9E-02
Drake Passage 10-16 M 6.3
9170 0705 0718 0726 M3.7 (October 15, 2025) 2.5E-02
9190 0818 0831 0837 C3.8 (October 15, 2025) 4.1E-03
9210 0943 0954 1002 C3.4 (October 15, 2025) 3.3E-03
Afghanistan M 4.2 10:07 UT
9220 1020 1022 1033 C4.8 (October 15, 2025) 3.4E-03
Yap M 5.4 10:22 UT
Kamchatka M 4.5 10:26 UT
9230 1214 1219 1223 C3.4 (October 15, 2025) 1.4E-03
Sumba M 3.9 12:15 UT
9240 1300 1307 1310 C2.4 (October 15, 2025) 1.5E-03
Kermadec Is. M 5.4 13:07 UT
9250 1338 1345 1352 C2.7 (October 15, 2025) 2.1E-03
Atacama M 4.5 13:38 UT
9270 1401 1410 1441 M1.1 (October 15, 2025) 1.9E-02
9380 1802 1807 1809 C8.3 (October 15, 2025) 3.5E-03
Luzon M 4.7 18:09 UT
9400 1934 1939 1945 C5.1 (October 15, 2025) 4.6E-03
Baja M 3.3 19:38 UT
9410 1945 1949 1952 C5.1 (October 15, 2025) 2.6E-03
9480 2155 2228 2305 M2.7 (October 15, 2025) 8.5E-02
Atacama M 4.4 22:12 UT
9490 2337 2345 2352 M2.4 (October 15, 2025) 1.9E-02
Mindanao M 4.7 23:46 UT
*indicates modified reading from NOAA GOES Graph
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD: unsettled October 16-18 possible geomagnetic storm October 16-18. Solar M-flare chance: 60% X-class: 10% proton storm: 10%
AP Indicies (global, high, mid-latitude, time of max AP, Max AP, Sunspot Number, Radio Flux) 8 9 6 15:00 3 106 162
Print 